翻譯方法總結(jié)

1、精品文庫 .直譯法(Literal translation) 直譯法不是一字對一字的翻譯，而是按照字面翻譯，不做太多的引申和注釋。 直譯法一般可以保留原文的文化特色。 (1) General Motors and Chrysler were working feverishly to bring out their subcompacts. But the head of the Ford Motor Company had stuck his head in the sand. 通用汽車公司和萊克斯勒公司正全力以赴推出他們的超小汽車，而福特公 司的老板卻把頭埋在沙里。 (2) A trait

2、or to our glorious cause The po tcalli ng the kettle black 好啊，你出賣了我們的光榮事業(yè) 得了，你這話豈不是盆叫嚷罐黑 .意譯法 (Free translatior) 犧牲原文的某些文化特色，結(jié)合上下文進行意譯，以保持原文內(nèi)容的完整性 (1)She was driving into such a corner that she was obliged to give up all projects with Cupid had any share 她被逼的走投無路了，不得不放棄一切和戀愛婚姻有關(guān)的打算 (2)but it is as d

3、ark as Egypt outdoors .We might go tomorrow if there is a moon 只是外面漆黑黑的。明個要是有月亮，明個去也成 三. 借用法 (Borrow ing method) 用異語文化代替源語文化。這種方法針對文化共性，在源出語和目的語存在 內(nèi)容和形式相似時，或者形式不盡相同但表達意義非常接近時使用 (1)Why, I have got gooseflesh this minu te, just thinking about it. 這會兒，我一想到這點二就渾身起雞皮疙瘩 (2)The America n ambassador may hav

4、e a card up his sleeve 美國大使也許胸有成竹 四.分譯法(Sp itti ng method) 根據(jù)行文要求，講一句譯為幾句。 The year 1983 began - and ended -vith an unusual oil crisis: fears that the price of crude oil would not go up but down. 1983年新年伊始，就存在著一種異乎尋常的石油危機：人們擔心原油價格 下降，而不是上揚。這一年結(jié)束的時候，情況依然如故。 將一詞分譯成不同的表達方式 I res pect them; they are goo

5、d citize ns, good husba nds and good fathers. 我尊重他們：他們是守法的公民，盡職的丈夫，慈祥的父親。 五. 合譯法 (Combined translation) 主要是根據(jù)文章緊湊，簡練的原則，將兩句或數(shù)句合并成一句 This no vel is of no great literary merit. It is merely a po t-boiler 這部小說存屬胡編亂造，沒有多大文學價值 They talked, they laughed, and they sat up the whole night 他們又說又笑，通宵達旦。 六 順譯法(

6、Natural-flow translation) 順譯法就是在正確理解原句的基礎(chǔ)上，把句子按意群拆分成一個個部分，然 后把各個部分按順序譯出 (1) Our country along with other developing countries is (2) experiencing acute shortage of (3) skilled workers, engineers, technicians, and administrative and man agerial person al, (4) so we should like to ask you (5) to pro v

7、ide for the training of as many op erati ng personal as p ossible. （1）我國像其他發(fā)展中國家一樣，（2）嚴重缺乏（3）技術(shù)熟練的工人，工程 技術(shù)和行政人員，（4）因此，我們請貴方（5）提供方便，培訓盡可能多的 經(jīng)營人員。 七 倒譯法(Inverted translation) 就是按照意群把句子拆散后，逆著原文的句法排列，從后往前逐片翻譯，組 合成句 (1) It was a keen disappointment(2) when I had to postpone the visit (3) which I had inte

8、n ded to pay to China in January （3）我原打算一月份訪問中國，（2）后來不得不推遲，（1）這使我深感失望。 八拆譯法(Separated translation 就是把原句中的某個詞或片語抽出來單獨翻譯。 This body of kno wiedge is customarily divided for convenience of study into the classificati on: mecha ni cs, heat,electricity and sound. 為便于學習起見，通常將這門學科分為：力學，熱學，光學，電學和聲學。 九轉(zhuǎn)換法(Co

9、nversion) 詞類轉(zhuǎn)化 常把名詞，介詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞 1.名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的動詞 Jose ph beheld my style of cookery with growi ng indign ation 我這種燒飯的方式叫約瑟夫越看越冒火了 2.介詞和副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語動詞 It would not be easy to talk in gen eral terms about Wester n Euro pe as. a un ite. with its differences of climate and culture, its mountains, plains and coasts.

10、西歐諸國的氣候不同，文化各異，山巒，平原，海岸各具特色，要想把西 歐作為整體加以總述，可不是件容易的事情 語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換 (Passive voice Positive voice) 1. 被動句轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語主動句 It was soon recognized that this approach offer the best framework for a solutio n 人們不久就認識到，這種辦法提供了解決問題的最佳框架 2. 被動句譯成漢語把字句 The stall build ing has bee n p ractically leveled to the ground by the b

11、ig fire 大火幾乎把這座高大建筑物夷為平地 3. 在為數(shù)不多的英語主動句中，卻往往譯成漢語的被動句 They all succumbed to temp tatio n 他們都被誘惑征服了 The jeweler s was robbed last ni ght, and the Reaga ns are un der sus picion 昨夜，珠寶行遭搶劫，里根夫婦成了被懷疑的對象 正反轉(zhuǎn)換 1.正說反譯 (1) In the absenee of a vaccine, how can HIV be stopped? 如果沒有疫苗，能夠阻止艾滋病毒的傳播嗎 (2) Politenes

12、s is not always the sign of wisdom, but the want of it always leaves room for the sus picion of folly. 雖然有禮貌并不一定標志著有智慧，但是無禮貌卻會使人懷疑其愚蠢 2.反說正譯 (1) I won keep you waiting long 我一會兒就回來 (2)The mother gen tly dise ngaged her hand form that of her slee ping baby 母親小心翼地從熟睡的孩子的手里抽出自己的手來 十. 變通法(Ada ptati on m

13、ethod) 增減詞語 增詞 是指在譯文中增加某些原文中雖無其字但有其意的詞以便忠實通順的 表達原文的意思 語義性增詞 They wan ted a gen erati on of America ns con diti oned to loyalty and duty 他們都希望把下一代美國人訓練的忠于祖國，恪盡職責 結(jié)構(gòu)性增詞 漢譯時往往需要按照句法上的需要補譯英文中省略的各個成分，才能使譯文 句子意思完整，表達通順 (1) This is as true of n ati ons as it is of in dividuals 個人是這樣，國家也是這樣 (2) A fool and h

14、is words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money 愚人很快忘記說過的話，智者會很快放棄手里的錢 修辭性增詞 往往出現(xiàn)在譯者推敲，校正和潤飾譯文的過程中，而且所增加的詞都不是 改變原文詞句意思的語氣詞，強調(diào)性副詞或其他修辭上所需要詞匯。 (1) Do not take it seriously. It is a joke. 不要認真嘛，這不過是一個玩笑而已 (2) Truth is n ever pure, and rarely simple 真理從來就不是純潔無暇的，也很少時簡單明了的 (3) He deserve not the

15、sweet that will not taste the sour 不吃苦中苦，難得甜上甜 省略 (一) 句法性省略 1省略代詞 (1) 省略人稱代詞 Give him an inch and he will take an ell 得寸進尺 (2) 省略物主代詞 In my childhood, I lear ned a great deal about Russia 童年時，我就聽到了許多關(guān)于俄國的故事 (3) 省略非人稱代詞 It was a bitterly cold ni ght and at ten oclock it bega n to blow a gale 那是一個寒冷刺骨

16、的夜晚，10點鐘時，刮起了大風 2.省略連詞 (1)并列連詞and和or有時可以不直接譯出 All I am, or can be, I owe to my an gel mother 我之所有，我之所能，都歸功于我慈愛的母親 (2) 省略從屬連詞 Because every one uses Ian guage to talk, every one thinks he can talk about Ian guage 人人都用語言交流，人人也就自認為能夠談?wù)撜Z言 (3) 省略冠詞略 (4)省略介詞 In the morning 早晨 （二）修辭性省略 是從譯文的修辭角度考慮，省略英文中某些不

17、言而喻的詞，或在譯文中 雖無其字但已有其義的詞，以及省略了英文中為了語氣而多加的副詞。 1.省略不言而喻的詞 (1) The numbers of known hydrocarbons run into tens of thousands 已知的碳氫化合物有幾萬種 (2) StainIess steels posses good hardness and high strength 不銹鋼硬度大，強度高 2.省略重復(fù)的名詞 The mecha ni cal en ergy can be cha nged back into electrical en ergy by mea ns of gen

18、 erator or dyn amo 用發(fā)電機能把機械能轉(zhuǎn)變成電能 3.省略為了語氣關(guān)系而多加的副詞或連詞 She came to the dinning room and then cautiously looked in 她來到餐廳窗前，小心翼翼的向里看 改變句式 1.獨立成句法 (Independent syn taX 有時關(guān)系從句的作用相當于一個并列分句，我們可以把它譯成與逐句并列 的成分 In any moveme nt or exercise of the body , the veins get a con ti nual rubb ing and p ressure from

19、the muscles around them ,which help carry the blood back to the heart 在身體的每一或鍛煉的過程中， 靜脈周圍的肌肉都對靜脈進行連續(xù)不斷的摩 擦和擠壓，這些摩擦和擠壓幫助經(jīng)脈把血液送回心臟 2.融合法(Ble ndi ng method) 當關(guān)系從句與主句或先行詞比較密切時，可以把從句壓縮為短語，與主句 或先行詞融合在一起譯 We look forward to the day whe n the scie ntists can discover more secret of the future 我們期待著有一天科學家們能解開更多關(guān)于宇宙的奧秘 3 狀語化法(Adverbial method) 當關(guān)系從句含有狀語意義時，可以譯成表示時間，地點，原因，結(jié)果，目的, 讓步，條件，假設(shè)等邏輯關(guān)系的狀語或狀語成分 which extends support to Kuwait in safeguarding its sovereig nty .，旨在支持科威特捍衛(wèi)自己的主權(quán)（表目的） (2) whichcaused heavy losses of pro