英語高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解及解析

1、（英語）高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)-閱讀理解及解析 一、高中英語閱讀理解 閱讀理解1 When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When were hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all-time highs, high school studen

2、ts are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education. One cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelors degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But theres a

3、 question: Would the quality of undergraduate education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a hree-year degree model. I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three-year curriculum any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified s

4、tudents to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits. In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly hrow out one quarter of the required credits. )

5、the quality of the education they offer.Professors will resist diluting (稀釋 In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education. A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outsi

6、de their major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than its not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow

7、 students to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns (實(shí)習(xí)生) in meaningful part-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five-year co-op program at Northeastern University. Which of the following can best sum up the main idea

8、? ）（1 A.Its time to shorten the learning process. B.Best learning takes place over time. C.University education should be watered down. D.College education calls for reform. We can learn from the passage that _. ）2（ A.most American universities are against the hree-year degree model B.many famous US

9、 universities are considering adopting the hree-year degree model C.professors are willing to accept the hree-year degree model D.The hree-year degree model can make college learning more efficient In most US universities, _. ）（3 A.college students are offered the co-op program B.electives credits m

10、ake up one quarter of the required credits C.all students are required to finish four-year education before graduation D.some excellent students can graduate ahead of time We can infer that_. ）（4 A.the author is a college professor exploring ways to make learning more efficient B.the author thinks t

11、he cost of a university education is too high for people to afford C.the author considers the university education quality very important D.the author pays special attention to the all-round development of college students B）（1【答案】 A）（2 D）（3 C ）（4【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，作者認(rèn)為把大學(xué)四年的學(xué)制縮短為三年不是一個(gè)好 主意，保證足夠的時(shí)間才能保

12、證大學(xué)教育的質(zhì)量。 （1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“Few US universities have formally approved a three-year degree model.”很少有美國(guó)大學(xué)正式批準(zhǔn)“三年學(xué)位”模式；以及最后一段中的“In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education.”在我看來，優(yōu)質(zhì)的四年教育總是優(yōu)于優(yōu)質(zhì)的三年教育?？赏茢啵恼伦髡哒J(rèn)為把大學(xué)四年的學(xué)制縮短為三年不是一個(gè)好主意，學(xué)好大學(xué)功課是需要付出時(shí)間的，所以這篇

13、文章的中心思 。B”“最好的學(xué)習(xí)是隨著時(shí)間的推移而進(jìn)行的。，故選想是 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Few US universities have formally approved a three-year degree model.”美國(guó)很少有大學(xué)正式批準(zhǔn)“三年制學(xué)位”模式。由此推斷出，大多數(shù)美國(guó) 。A”模式，故選大學(xué)反對(duì)“三年制學(xué)位 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out o

14、f certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits.”一方面，大多數(shù)大學(xué)已經(jīng)允許合格的學(xué)生通過某些課程的考試和獲得一些大 。D學(xué)學(xué)分提前畢業(yè)?？芍?，特別優(yōu)秀的大學(xué)生可以提前畢業(yè)。故選 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major.”大學(xué)教育要求學(xué)生有足夠的時(shí)間掌

15、握專業(yè)技能，并在專業(yè)以外的領(lǐng)域?qū)W習(xí)課程；以及“It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than its not a good idea to water down medicine.”削弱教育不是個(gè)好主意，就像削弱醫(yī)學(xué)不是個(gè)好主意一樣?？芍髡叻浅？粗卮髮W(xué)教育質(zhì) 。C量。故選 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確 答案。 閱讀理解2 Rescue workers had collected 820 bir

16、ds from the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the majority of them already dead. The current spill promises to be the largest in US history, and as cleanup efforts stretch across the summer, its clear that more oiled birds will be found, stuck and suffering in the black stick liquid. And as they do with eve

17、ry oil spill, rescue workers will go to great lengths to capture and clean the survivors hoping to restore them to their natural habitat. Is it worth the effort? Some scientists arent so sure. Because the stress of being captured and bathed is as significant as the horror of being immersed in oil, a

18、nd because research suggests that many rescued birds die shortly after being released, some experts say euthanasia (安樂死) is a more humane option. Clean bird feathers repel water (防水) and regulate body temperature while dirty ones dont. Oil in particular makes feathers heavier and decreases their abi

19、lity to trap air, which in turn makes birds weak and become easier to drowning, overheating and organ damage. Of course, being captured and cleaned is no picnic either. Some birds wind up returning to their destroyed habitats only to fall victim to the oil again. And those who manage to avoid a seco

20、nd oil bath suffer dramatically shortened life spans (跨度) and lower reproductive success. Of the thousands of birds that were rescued from the Prestige oil spill off the coast of Spain in 2002, only 600 were released into the wild; most of the rest died after just a few days in captivity. However, b

21、ird rescuers say they have learned a lot about how to best help oil-soaked birds, and that therefore, survival rates stand to increase this time around. In the past, birds were cleaned right away, and volunteers often worked through the night bathing rescued birds. But now, captured birds are left t

22、o rest for a day or two before being cleaned, and only washed during the day, so as not to disrupt their circadian (生理的) rhythms. But part of that increase may be due to greater selectivity on the part of rescuers. The workers do blood tests right in the field now and birds that are loaded with hydr

23、ocarbons (碳?xì)浠衔? or dont look like theyre going to make it are put down right away, rather than subjected to the stress of captivity and cleaning. And so far, while release rates may be improving, there is little evidence of better medium or long-term survival, especially for the more-difficult-to-s

24、ave species. There still arent good protocols (協(xié)議) for repairing the internal organ damage. Anyway, rescue efforts will continue in large part because the public demands that. Euthanasia is a difficult thing to do, especially for people who have built their lives around saving animals. Why do some s

25、cientists doubt the effort to rescue oiled birds? ）（1 A.Because it has cost too much time and money. B.Because human may be infected with the bird virus. C.Because it is torture followed by death to birds. D.Because migrant birds may broaden the pollution. The case of Spain coast spill is mentioned

26、to indicate _. 2）（ A.thousands of birds were polluted by oil B.the survival rate of oiled birds was very low C.the efforts to rescue oiled birds were ineffective D.captivity is an impractical method to rescue binds Why do the survival rates of oiled birds increase? 3（） A.Oiled birds are kept in warm

27、 water for one or two days B.The second cleaning of the oiled birds in daytime is not permitted C.The rescuers often select the birds that are likely to survive D.Hydrocarbons are removed to rescue the oiled birds Why does oiled birds rescue remain a controversial problem? ）4（ A.Oiled birds internal

28、 organ damage is permanent. B.Euthanasia is a difficult and heart-aching operation. C.The more-difficult-to-save species will die by cleaning. D.The rescue is oiled birds suffering while seeing them die is cruel. C）（1【答案】 B）（2 C）（3 D 4）（【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，在石油泄露事件中，有很多鳥兒在石油中被粘住，遭受苦難。救援人員盡最大努力援救它們。但是科學(xué)家

29、們質(zhì)疑救援工作是否值得。一方面，獲救的鳥兒經(jīng)歷了被捕獲、被清理的痛苦之后還是會(huì)死去，存活率很低；另一方面， 對(duì)鳥兒進(jìn)行安樂死也是很多人不能接受的。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的ecause research suggests that many rescued birds die 桳牯汴?晡整?敢湩?敲敬獡摥因?yàn)檠芯勘砻髟S多獲救的鳥類在被釋放后不久就死亡了。因此， ?？茖W(xué)家們懷疑自己在救鳥兒時(shí)作的努力可能是白費(fèi)了，故選C （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Of the thousands of birds that were rescued from the Prestige oil

30、spill off the coast of Spain in 2002, only 600 were released into the wild; most of the rest died after just a few days in captivity”在2002年從西班牙海岸的Prestige石油泄漏事故中獲救的數(shù)千只鳥類中，只有600只被放生到野外；其余大部分在被關(guān)在籠中短短幾天后死 。B亡。根據(jù)這些數(shù)據(jù)可知，被浸在石油中的鳥兒即使獲救，他們的存活率也很低。故選 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“part of that increase may be due to grea

31、ter selectivity on the part of rescuers. The workers do blood tests right in the field now and birds that are loaded with hydrocarbons (碳?xì)浠衔? or dont look like theyre going to make it are put down right away”可知，獲救的鳥兒存活率將會(huì)上升的部分原因可能是由于救援人員方面的做出了更大選擇。工人們對(duì)獲救的鳥兒做血液測(cè)試，那些身上滿是石油或看起來不會(huì)活下來的 。鳥兒立刻被放棄了。工人們選擇性地

32、搶救那些有存活可能的鳥兒。故選C （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“while release rates may be improving, there is little evidence of better medium or long-term survival和rescue efforts will continue in large part because the public demands that Euthanasia is a difficult thing to do, especially for people who have built their lives

33、around saving animals ”可知，一方面雖然釋放率在提高，但是幾乎沒有證據(jù)表明被釋放的鳥兒生存狀況更好；另一方面，救援工作仍將繼續(xù)，因?yàn)榘矘匪朗且患щy的事情，特別是對(duì)于那些從事拯救動(dòng)物的工作的人來說。所以是否救這些被油浸過的鳥兒還是一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的問題。援救那些鳥兒，對(duì)于鳥兒來說也要遭受痛苦，而看到它們的 。死去也是很殘忍的。故選D 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需 要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。 閱讀理解3 Bamboo is one of the worlds most useful plant

34、s. For thousands of years, bamboo has been used in many different ways-from food to medicine to clothing and, in small ways, as a building material. However, bamboo is not often used as a building material in the developed world. A professor at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania is trying

35、to change that. The professor and his students are testing the strength of bamboo.They are testing how much pressure or weight it can take before breaking. Kent Harries is a professor at the University of Pittsburgh. Harries says that testing methods for bamboo need to be the same for all. They need

36、 to be standardized. Standardizing test methods for bamboo will help to bring the plant into common use. It will also give engineers and builders around the world a dependable standard. Harries says that bamboo is strong in nature. The strength of at least three species of bamboo is similar to steel

37、.Besides its strength, bamboo has other features that make it very useful in building. He says it is resilient(有彈力的), meaning it keeps its shape and strength even under pressure. Bamboo also grows quickly. Bamboo that is suitable for construction needs much less resources than wood. The harvest cycl

38、e of bamboo is about 3 years. Softwoods such as cedar, pine and spruce have a harvest cycle of about 10 years. And hardwoods that come from flowering plants such as oak and walnut need more than 30 years. Bamboo is widely used as food for panda bears. It is also used for flooring and window covers.

39、However, for building, bamboo is not used much outside its native growing area. This is mostly because of its round shape. But there are other reasons too. People think - or have the mentality-that bamboo is a low quality building material. What is the author mainly talking about in the passage? ）1（

40、 B. Take advantage of bamboo in our everyday.A. Make bamboo a common building material. D. Use bamboo to replace building materials.C. Consider bamboo to be a common plant. What is the purpose of what Kent Harries and his students did? ）（2 B. To introduce bamboo to the developed world.A. To prove wh

41、at is the most useful plant. D. To make sure of the strength of bamboo.C. To give engineers and builders some advice. What does Harries think of bamboo in the passage? ）（3A. Harries sees bamboo as a great building material. B. Harries thinks bamboo is as strong as steel.C. Harries sees bamboo as the

42、 most ideal Plant. D. Harries thinks bamboo has the reliable shape. What can be inferred from the passage? ）（4A. Bamboo is an environmentally friendly building material. B. Bamboo material will go to the market in the soon future.C. Hardwoods are much more popular than softwoods. D. Bamboo grows not

43、 only faster but takes up less space. A）（1【答案】 D2）（ A3（） A ）4（【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了竹子是世界上最有用的植物之一。幾千年來，竹子被廣泛地應(yīng)用于各個(gè)方面，然而，在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，竹子并沒有經(jīng)常地被應(yīng)用于建筑領(lǐng)域。Kent Harries 教授試圖改變這一點(diǎn)。他和他的學(xué)生們測(cè)試了竹子的受壓力量。Kent Harries 教授認(rèn)為是一種很好的建筑材料。(1)考查主旨大意。本文講述了Kent Harries和他 。的學(xué)生所做的實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是測(cè)試竹子能否當(dāng)作建筑材料來使用。故選A(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“ The p

44、rofessor and his students are testing the strength of ?？芍?，教授和他的學(xué)生做實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是測(cè)試竹子的承受力，故選Dbamboo”(3)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段可知，Kent Harries認(rèn)為竹子結(jié)實(shí)、有彈力、能承受壓力，是 。有用的建筑材料，由此可知他的觀點(diǎn)是竹子是種很好的建筑材料。故選A(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知，竹子長(zhǎng)得很快，其生長(zhǎng)為三年，而針葉木材則需 。A10年，闊葉樹時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，由此可知，竹子是種很環(huán)保的建筑材料。故選【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信

45、息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推 理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。 閱讀理解4 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, c

46、upping and massage(針灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more im

47、portant role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize C

48、hinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of

49、the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved

50、in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make

51、 medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyous winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her TCM Chinas in extent some to creativity drive may treatment ) 瘧疾(malaria into research industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be

52、changed within a short time. Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? ）（1A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment.C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. Why dont

53、some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? ）（2A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture.C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. Compared with We

54、stern medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? ）（3 A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions. The lack of creativity in TCM refers to the fact that _. 4）（ B. prescriptions are got from the pastA. medi

55、cine-making companies lack creativity C. Western companies are more experienced D. medicine-making companies lack driving force C1）【答案】（ D）（2 C）（3 B ）（4【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，街掃了傳統(tǒng)中藥的好處。和西醫(yī)相比，它不必動(dòng)手術(shù)，費(fèi)用少，且沒有術(shù)后感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等，但生產(chǎn)缺乏標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、療效不穩(wěn)定和缺乏創(chuàng)造力等 問題也嚴(yán)重阻礙中醫(yī)藥的發(fā)展。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Westerners understanding of TCM, howe

56、ver, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(針灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.”可知，作者提到Micha

57、el Phelps的例子是說明西方人對(duì)TCM有一點(diǎn)了解，但這種了 。C解只限于針灸，拔罐和按摩。故選(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs.”可知，有些WHO的成員國(guó)不承認(rèn)中國(guó)的草藥是因?yàn)橹?。藥發(fā)展緩慢，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于西藥。故選D(3)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable.”可知，與西醫(yī)相 。C比，在第四段中指出中醫(yī)的弱點(diǎn)是缺乏標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。故選(4)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一