初中一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)語(yǔ)法詳解及習(xí)題

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一、概述一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)?！傲?xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)性”是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的三大特性，它不表示特定時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的事。用法：1)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now.2)表示主語(yǔ)的特征、性格、能力、愛(ài)好等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV.3)表示客觀真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.二、一般現(xiàn)在

2、時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)指的是動(dòng)詞的變化形式。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)間有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，一種是動(dòng)詞原形，用于主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱(chēng)時(shí)的情況；另一種為動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，用于主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)時(shí)的情況。Eg1.We often get up early in the morning.Eg2.My father often gets up early in the morning.三、談?wù)劇爸髡Z(yǔ)為三單，其后動(dòng)詞s添”在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式?？梢院?jiǎn)單敘述為“主語(yǔ)為三單，其后動(dòng)詞s添”。何謂第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)？用一句話(huà)概括就是“非你、非我、非復(fù)數(shù)”，如he, she, it, my fath

3、er, my mother, my sister, our English teacher, Tom, Mike, Liu Jia, China, my book, etc.Eg3.He sometimes goes to school by bike.Eg4.My father works in the hospital as a doctor.四、動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)變化規(guī)則動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)變化的規(guī)則與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化的規(guī)則相同。規(guī)則一、一般在詞尾加-s。如：looks, puts. reads, sees, skis等。規(guī)則二、以-o, -s, -x, -sh, -ch結(jié)尾的加-es。如：goe

4、s, does, misses, passes, mixes, fixes, pushes, wishes, watches, teaches,等。規(guī)則三、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-es。注意一定是輔音字母加y才變，若是元音字母加y，則直接加-s。如：flyflies,trytries,fryfries,copycopiesbuybuys,enjoyenjoys,playplays,saysays,paypays五、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子轉(zhuǎn)換（1）當(dāng)句子中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則把be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can,could等等)提到主語(yǔ)的前面變成一般疑問(wèn)句;在be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not

5、變成否定句.例：陳述句：She is a student.一般疑問(wèn)句 Is she a student?否定句 She is not a student.陳述句：I can swim.一般疑問(wèn)句 Can you swim?否定句 I can not swim.（2）當(dāng)句子中即沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞，也沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則在主語(yǔ)前加助動(dòng)詞do (you,以及復(fù)數(shù)), does（單數(shù)she,he,it）變成一般疑問(wèn)句；在主語(yǔ)后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞dont（I,you,以及復(fù)數(shù)), doesnt（單數(shù)she,he,it）變成否定句，助動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞要變成動(dòng)詞原形。例：陳述句：We get up at 7:00 ev

6、ery morning.一般疑問(wèn)句Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?否定句We dont get up at 7:00 every morning.陳述句：She has a little brother.一般疑問(wèn)句 Does she have a little brother?否定句 She doesnt have a little brother.標(biāo)志：其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等頻率副詞，on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every d

7、ay 等。特殊用法：下列動(dòng)詞come， go， arrive， leave， start， begin， return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)，主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車(chē)明天上午六點(diǎn)開(kāi)。When does the bus star？ It stars in ten minutes. 汽車(chē)什么時(shí)候開(kāi)？十分鐘后六、練習(xí)鞏固1.寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的三單形式go_ catch_ brush（刷）_ wash_do_ like_ have_ watch_drink _ fly_ say_ learn

8、_eat_ read_ sing_ buy_study_ stay _ make _ look _ pass_ carry _ come_plant(種植)_ teach_ buy_2.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. We often_(play) in the playground.2. He _(get) up at six oclock.3._you_(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What_ (do) he usually_ (do) after school?5.Danny_(study)English,Chinese,Maths,Scien

9、ce and Art at school.6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she often_(watch) TV with his parents.8. _ Mike_(read) English every day?9.How many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday?10. What time_his mother_(do) the housework?3.選擇題( )1. I _to school at 7:00 in th

10、e morning.A. go B. going C. goes( )2. They _books every day in the library.A.reads B. read C. reading( )3. The monkey_ eating bananas very much.A.like B. likes C. liking( )4. My father _to read newspaper after supper every day.A.like B. likes C. liking( )5. I like watching TV, but my mother _like it

11、.A. dont B. doesnt C. does( )6. _ your father drink milk every day?A.do B. are C. does（ ）7. We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A. dont rain B. didnt rain C.doesnt rain D. isnt rain （）8. He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets（）9.Wang Mei _ m

12、usic and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen（ ）10. Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied4.改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫(xiě)在橫線(xiàn)上)1. Is your brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _

13、4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _5.把下列句子變成一般疑問(wèn)句（并作肯定和否定回答）、否定句例：I like cooking.Do you like cooking? Yes, I do. No, I dont. I dont like cooking.1.My friends like playing soccer.2.They speak English every day.3.Daniel watches TV every evening4.John is from Canada.

14、 5.Tom does his homework at home.6.My dog runs fast. 7. Amy likes playing computer games. 8. She can play the piano well.課后作業(yè)一 選擇題2. There _ an English film.A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. is3. The picture _ nice.A. looks B. is looked C. look D. is looking4. She _ down and soon

15、 falls asleep.A. live B. lain C. laid D. lies5. They _ the office in time very morning.A. reach to B. arrived C. went D. get to6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _ back nextweek.A. will come B. came C. would come D. come7. The plane _ off.A. takes B. took C. was taken D. is take8. I s

16、ee her _ the room this morning.A. to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters9. The teacher asks us _ to school on time.A. to come B. coming C. come D. comes10. John is always _ others.A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help11. He tells us _ at eight.A. working B. to work C. work D. worked12. Youd better

17、_ at home and _ your homework.A. to stay, do B. stay, do C. to stay, to do D. stay, to do13. He sits down _ a rest.A. having B. have C. to have D. had14. Uncle Wang knows _ a washing machine.A. how to make B. to make C. how making D. what to make15. Jim decides _ Polly to Ling Feng when he is back t

18、o England.A. to leave B. left C. leaving D. leave一、將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)1. 湯姆喜歡英語(yǔ)。2. 他們看電視。3. 杰克是個(gè)老師。4. 媽媽在11點(diǎn)吃午飯。5. 我們踢足球。二、變否定句。1. He wants a book.2. Jimmy washes hands before dinner.3. Lisa likes milk very much.4. They walk to school.5. Lingling and Dandan are 10 years old.6. I am Chinese.7. Ben is from Amer

19、ica.三、變一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定和否定回答。1.He wants a book.2. Jimmy washes hands before dinner.3. Lisa likes milk very much.4. They walk to school.5. Lingling and Dandan are 10 years old.6. I am Chinese.7. Ben is from America. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：Am/is/ are+ v-ing是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式一般情況V +ingfalling1.以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞去e, +ing having write -wr

20、iting make- making ride-riding take-taking2.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),雙寫(xiě)詞尾字母+ingsit-sittingswim-swimmingput- putting run- running get-getting 什么是音節(jié)？閉音節(jié)？重讀閉音節(jié)？ 1， 英語(yǔ)單詞是由字母組成的，字母構(gòu)成音節(jié)。一般來(lái)講有一個(gè)元音就是一個(gè)音節(jié)。含一個(gè)元音的詞叫作單音節(jié)詞，含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上元音的單詞叫作雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)詞。單音節(jié)詞都是重讀音節(jié)，雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞中一般有一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)，其他的是弱讀音節(jié)。2， 閉音節(jié)：閉音節(jié)是兩個(gè)輔音中間有一個(gè)元音的音節(jié)。例如

21、：not，thank，ten，am，six等。3， 重讀閉音節(jié)是需要重讀的閉音節(jié)，如果是單音節(jié)一定重讀，但是重讀符號(hào)省略;如果是多音節(jié)，一定有一個(gè)需要重讀。重讀閉音節(jié)（輔音1+元音+輔音2）中的輔音2在構(gòu)詞法中要雙寫(xiě)，如果不重讀，如listen中的第二個(gè)音節(jié)ten(閉音節(jié))中的n就不用雙寫(xiě)，因?yàn)橹刈x在第一個(gè)音節(jié)lis上特殊變化(或者說(shuō)以Ie為結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞)的現(xiàn)在分詞有3個(gè):lyinglie, dying dietyingtie 這些以ie結(jié)尾要去e再把I變y再加ing基本用法1表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作常和now連用，有時(shí)用一個(gè)動(dòng)詞如look（看）、listen（聽(tīng)）來(lái)表示now（現(xiàn)在

22、）這一時(shí)間概念。 Look！A train is coming.看！火車(chē)來(lái)了 Listen！He is playing the piano.聽(tīng)！他在彈鋼琴。2表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作但不一定是說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行。常和at present（目前）、this week（本周）、these days（這幾天）等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 What lesson are you studying this week？你們本周學(xué)哪一課了？（說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)并不在學(xué)）3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可用來(lái)表示一個(gè)在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作即是說(shuō)可以用來(lái)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，但此時(shí)，一般要與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而且僅限于少量動(dòng)詞。如：go（去）、c

23、ome（來(lái)）、leave（離開(kāi)）、start（開(kāi)始）、arrive（到達(dá)）、return（返回）、sleep（睡覺(jué)）、 Are you going to Tianjing tomorrow？你明天去天津嗎？ How many of you are Coming to the party next week？ 你們有多少人下周要來(lái)參加晚會(huì)？ 4 be going to+動(dòng)詞原形這一句型表示即將發(fā)生的事或打算（準(zhǔn)備）做的事，我們把它歸在將來(lái)時(shí)里了。 she isnt going to speak at the meeting.她不打算在會(huì)議上發(fā)言。注意：如果沒(méi)有表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，此類(lèi)句子就可能指

24、現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段的動(dòng)作。 Where are you going next week？ 下周你計(jì)劃去哪兒？用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)，因?yàn)橛衝ext week（下周）這一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 Where are you going？你現(xiàn)在去哪兒？因?yàn)闆](méi)有表示將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以就按句型來(lái)翻譯，即現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。5 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示暫時(shí)性的動(dòng)作。 He walks to work.他步行上班。（習(xí)慣、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作） Hes walking to work because his bike is being repaired.他現(xiàn)在走著上班，因?yàn)樗淖孕熊?chē)正在修

25、理。（只是暫時(shí)的情況）Where does he live？他家住在哪兒？（詢(xún)問(wèn)一般的情況）Where is he living（staying）？他這幾天住在哪兒？（詢(xún)問(wèn)暫時(shí)一段時(shí)間的情況）6現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可用來(lái)代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表達(dá)說(shuō)話(huà)人的某種感情，使句子有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩。常與always，forever連用。 You are always forgetting the important thing.你總是把重要的事情忘掉。（表達(dá)出不滿(mǎn)的情緒） Mary is doing fine work at school.瑪麗在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)得挺不錯(cuò)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)練習(xí)一、按要求改寫(xiě)句子1. The boy

26、is playing basketball.否定句：_ _一般疑問(wèn)句： _肯定回答： _否定回答： _對(duì)“ The boy”提問(wèn)：_二、單項(xiàng)選擇（ ）1.我在照看孩子. (A)I am looking after the baby.(B)Im look aftering the baby. (C)I look am aftering the baby.(D)I looking after the baby.( )2._friends making_a kite. (A)I,me (B)My,my (C)My,me (D)His,his( )3.Is the woman wearing_ yel

27、low your teacher? (A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having( )4.Look!The twins_their mother do the housework. (A)are wanting (B)help(C)are helping (D)are looking( )5._are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where ( )6.Is she_something? (A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)

28、eats( )7.你在干什么? (A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do?(C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do?( )8.What are you listening_? (A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to( )9.我正在聽(tīng)他說(shuō)話(huà). (A)I listening to him. (B)Im listening to him.(C)Im listen to him. (D)Im listening him.( )10.They are_their clothes. (A)makeing (B)putt

29、ing (C)put away (D)putting on( )11.Listen! She_in the classroom. (A)is singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing( )12.Today Jim_ his white shirt and brown trousers. (A)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is wearing( )13._are you eating?Im eating_meat. (A)What,some (B)Which,any (C)Where,not (D)What,a( )14

30、.They_TV in the evening.They do their homework.(A)are watching (B)cant watching (C)dont watch (D)dont watching ( )15.The children_football. (A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a( )16.They are flying kites. (A)他們喜歡放風(fēng)箏. (B)他們?cè)诜棚L(fēng)箏嗎? (C)他們?cè)诜棚L(fēng)箏. (D)他們常放風(fēng)箏. ( )17.Look,They are swimming in the

31、 river.I want_you. (A)to go with (B)go with (C)helping (D)help ( )18.Look.Lucy is_a new bike today. (A)jumping (B)running (C)riding (D)takeing三、用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)完成下列句子:1.What_you_(do)?2.I_(sing) an English song.3.What_he_(mend)?4.He_(mend) a car.5._you_(fly) a kite?Yes,_.6._she_(sit) in the boat?7._you_(ask) q

32、uestions?8.We_(play) games now.四寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞stand_ swim_ play_ watch_skate_ run_ sleep_ jump_ walk_ ride_ clean_ make_ wash_ do_ go_ listen_play_come_sing_have_ write_dance_ sit_ read_課后習(xí)題現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專(zhuān)練一 用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： 1. My parents _（watch）TV now. 2. Look. Three boys _（run）. 3. What _ your mother _（do）? now? 4. _ your dog _ now?（sleep） 5. _ you _（listen）? to music? Yes, I am. 6.