寫(xiě)作教程第版u課件

1、寫(xiě)作教程第版u1 English Writing IIEnglish Writing II 寫(xiě)作教程第版u2 Warm-up ActivitiesWarm-up Activities Introduce your university/dormitory/classroom.Introduce your university/dormitory/classroom. Whats your overall impression of the university? Which building or location catches your attention first? Which pla

2、ce do you want to describe next? And then? What do you want to describe last? What order does your description follow? Why do you choose this order? 寫(xiě)作教程第版u3 Reference Reference : In a paragraph describing your university, you might develop the paragraph by space in several different ways: 1) You mi

3、ght use some important landmarkimportant landmark, for example, the library, and describe other locations in relation to it. relation to it. The order in which you discuss each location is not as important as their relationships with the landmark. 寫(xiě)作教程第版u4 2) You might use an importantimportant land

4、mark as the starting point and move from it to the next location, on to another, and so on, perhaps ending back at the original landmarkback at the original landmark. 3) Another type of development by space might stress the boundaries the boundaries of an area. The order in which these are listed is

5、 not necessarily important so long as there is a logical progression logical progression from location to location. 4) Still another spatial development might stress the inter-relationshipsinter-relationships between locations. 寫(xiě)作教程第版u5 Unit 3 PlacesUnit 3 Places In this unit emphasis will be laid o

6、n the organizational features of description by spacespace or spatialspatial order. 寫(xiě)作教程第版u6 Part II Development by SpacePart II Development by Space Development by space order: left to right, right to left, near to far, far to near, low to high, high to low, etc. 寫(xiě)作教程第版u7 Pages 26-27 Read sample 2

7、and sample 3and finish the following tasks. 1. Analyze their paragraph structuresparagraph structures. 2. Underline the transitional signalstransitional signals. 3. Summarize the orderorder of the details in each sample. 4. What are different writing techniques/ features in supporting descriptive wr

8、iting? And their different effectseffects? 寫(xiě)作教程第版u8 Sample 2 Questions: 1. Which is the topic sentence? The first sentence is the topic sentence. 2. Whats the method used to develop the paragraph? The paragraph is developed in space order. 寫(xiě)作教程第版u9 3. Please finish the following partial outline acco

9、rding to how the details are arranged. The central focus is a deplorable barn. The general arrangement of details is from the outside of the barn to the inside. There are two other patterns: details concerning the outside are arranged from top to bottom; those concerning the inside are arranged from

10、 left to right, to the rear, and finally to the overhead 寫(xiě)作教程第版u10 Summarize the pattern of the paragraph:Summarize the pattern of the paragraph: This paragraph is a description of “my grandfathers barn.” In order to create a “deplorable” impression“deplorable” impression, the writer selects very sp

11、ecific words and arranges these descriptive details in a natural order of their physical layoutphysical layout: from the exterior to from the exterior to the interior the interior of the barn. The details concerning the outside of the barn are arranged from the top of the barn to the bottom; those a

12、bout the inside are arranged from left to right, to the rear, and finally to the overhead. Through this orderly sequence, the reader can visualize the scene very vividly and grasp the relationships of the objects. 寫(xiě)作教程第版u11 Sample 3 Questions: 1. What is described in the paragraph? An athletes room

13、is described in the paragraph. 寫(xiě)作教程第版u12 3. First match the objects described with the corresponding phrases of location. Then put them in the right order according to the sequence in which they appear in the description. 1) closet to my right 2) cap on the shelf 3) bed the far wall 4) lamp on the t

14、op of the nightstand to the left of the bed 寫(xiě)作教程第版u13 5) schedule on the wall above the nightstand 6) desk the left wall 7) medals on the shelves 8) window next to the desk 9) dresser between the window and the left corner 寫(xiě)作教程第版u14 2. What does the writer describe first? And last? What order does h

15、e/she follow? What do you think he/she has followed that particular order? The first thing the writer describes is the closet, and the last is a dresser. The description is organized according to the spatial order. The writer presents an orderly description just as his eyes might move from from righ

16、t to left around the room.right to left around the room. 寫(xiě)作教程第版u15 Summarize the pattern of the sample paragraphSummarize the pattern of the sample paragraph This sample paragraph displays an artistic grouping of details in space. Things are related to each other by the order in by the order in whic

17、h they are placed in spacewhich they are placed in space. With the use of specific space signals,specific space signals, we are led by the writer to experience the room vividly from from right to left, from larger items to smaller right to left, from larger items to smaller ones as if we were actual

18、ly “seeing” it.ones as if we were actually “seeing” it. 寫(xiě)作教程第版u16 Organizational StructureOrganizational Structure Sample 1 (Page 25)Sample 1 (Page 25) Read these two paragraphs, identify the different writing techniques, and summarize the different effect of them. 寫(xiě)作教程第版u17 Paragraph AParagraph A i

19、s developed according to time sequence, which shows the chronological order through the use of such time signals as 30,000,000 years ago, 2400 BC, 600 BC, AD 200, AD 100. Paragraph BParagraph B is arranged according to space, which describes the cultivation of the grape from its original place. 寫(xiě)作教程

20、第版u18 Here are the places mentioned in Paragraph B. Grape Cultivation Starting from the Caspian Sea To Asia Minor Greece Sicily France Germany England India America 寫(xiě)作教程第版u19 Can you identify the order in which the places are introduced? (para. B) The places are introduced in an order of “west to ea

21、st, near to far” 寫(xiě)作教程第版u20 The different effect of these two paragraphs: A: the history of the grape B: the grape cultivation in different areas 寫(xiě)作教程第版u21 Linking DevicesLinking Devices Page 28, sample This is a rather complex paragraph of description introducing a place. What features and technique

22、s could you summarize and learn from it? 寫(xiě)作教程第版u22 Linking DevicesLinking Devices Questions 1.This sample paragraph is developed according to spatial order. Can you identify those words or phrases that show spatial order? What is their effect? Words and phrases that indicate location: inside, in the

23、 right-hand side, in the opposite end, down the center, at the end of, the left-hand. 寫(xiě)作教程第版u23 These spatial connectors suggest that the writer organizes the paragraph in a particular order, i.e. from one side from one side of the pet shop to the centerto the center, and then to the to the other si

24、deother side, thus making the description clear and orderly. As a result, readers will not get lost while the description proceeds. 寫(xiě)作教程第版u24 2. What is the general impression created in the paragraph? Make a list of all the details you can find that support the general impression. The general impre

25、ssion of the place described is “depressingdepressing.” The specific details: puppies behind glass; unpleasant smell; chained birds; rows of cages; dirty tub of turtles; stuffy atmosphere; kittens in the window; sounds of caged animals; dropping and urine on newspapers. 寫(xiě)作教程第版u25 4. Has the writer f

26、ocused on one or more of the senses of sight, sound, taste, smell, etc.? Is it effective? In addition to sight, the writer has also appealed to the other senses such as touch, hearing, and smell. Through the rich perceptions the reader will gain a fuller and more vivid picture of the scene. 寫(xiě)作教程第版u2

27、6 5. Complete the following blanks: Examples of description concerning sightsight: black-and-white kittens piled together; a line of large wooden perches; parrots flutter their clipped wings; stagnant-looking water; motionless turtles; Examples of description concerning soundsound: clawing, shuffling sound; 寫(xiě)作教程第版u27 Examples of description concerning smellsmell: unpleasant mixture of strong chemical deodorizers; urine-soaked newspapers; musty sawdust; Examples of descripti