非謂語動(dòng)詞與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換

1、高考寫作一非謂語動(dòng)詞與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換知識(shí)講解知識(shí)點(diǎn) 1：不定式（短語）與從句的關(guān)系1.【考查點(diǎn)】：不定式（短語）在句中作主語，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主語從句，因此二者之間可以轉(zhuǎn)換。(1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That I m able to help you)(2).He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.)(3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea. (= It is said that Bu

2、sh has decided to attack North Korea.)2.【考查點(diǎn)】：不定式（短語）在句中作賓語或賓補(bǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句(1).We still donwhentknowand where to build a school.賓(語 )(=when and where we should build a school)(2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.賓(補(bǔ) )(=that he should go and see)(3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited h

3、er. .賓(語 )(=That he hadnt invited her.)3.【考查點(diǎn)】：不定式（短語）在句中作表語.，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表語從句(1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave)(2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding.(=that they can get a good understanding)4.【考查點(diǎn)】：不定式（短語）在句中作定語.，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句(1).T

4、he question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing.(=that is shortly to open in Beijing)(2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up.(=that grew up)5.【考查點(diǎn)】：不定式（短語）在句中作目的結(jié)果狀語.，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)目的結(jié)果狀語從句(1).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that)(

5、2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she couldn t )6.【考查點(diǎn)】：不定式（短語）在句中作原因狀語.，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句(1).I trembled to think of being punished by the boss.(=because I though of being punished by the boss)(2).We were disappointed to have lost the game.(=that we have lost the game)知識(shí)點(diǎn) 2

6、：動(dòng)名詞（短語）與從句的關(guān)系1.【考查點(diǎn)】：動(dòng)名詞（短語）在句中作主語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主語從句(1).Your going away (=That you went away) made the professor angry.(2).Mary s not being made monitor(=That Mary was not made monitor ) made us sad.被動(dòng)的動(dòng)名詞在句中作主語時(shí)一般不能省(3).Being called a fool(=That he was called a fool) hurt Bob badly.2.【考查點(diǎn)】：動(dòng)名詞（短語）再句中作賓語或賓

7、補(bǔ)語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句(1).I remember being taken to Beijing(=that I was taken to Beijing) when I was five.(2).He admitted having married Mary to a soldier(=that he had married Mary to a soldier).3.【考查點(diǎn)】：動(dòng)名詞（短語）在句中作表語.，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表語從句(1).My duty is serving the people heart and soul.=(that Ill serve the people heart

8、and soul).(2).The problem is his not having prepared his lessons for the exam.=（that he hasnt prepared his lessonsrthe foexam）.(3).The difficulty is Marys being caught between the two trees.=（that Mary is caught between the two trees）.4.【考查點(diǎn)】： 介詞動(dòng)名詞（短語），相當(dāng)于一個(gè)從句(1).He was afraid of being scolded by h

9、is mistake.(=that he was )(2).He was astonished at her knowing you.(=that she knew you)(3).We heard the news of our team having won.(=that our team had won)知識(shí)點(diǎn) 3：分詞（短語）與從句的關(guān)系1.【考查點(diǎn)】：分詞（短語）作定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句(1).The hospital was an old building built in 1931(=that was built in 1931).(2).Do you know the gir

10、l standing over there(=who is standing over there)?(3).The man speaking to us the other day(= who spoke to us the other day) has gone to Japan.2.【考查點(diǎn)】：分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句，其中伴隨狀語多與并列句轉(zhuǎn)換(1).Weather permitting, we ll have the match tomorrow.(=If weather permits)(2).The dark clouds having disappeared, the

11、sun shone again.(=When the dark clouds had disappeared)(3).The monitor being ill wed better put the meting off.(=As the monitor was ill)(4).Other things being equal(=If other things are equal), Iuy the blackdbdress.(5).Given more time(=If we were given more time), we could have done it better.(6).He

12、 came back, his hands tied to his back(=his hands were tied to his back).3.【考查點(diǎn)】：分詞短語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句(1).On arriving(=As soon as I arrive) there, Ill telephone（時(shí)間）you.(2).(While)waiting(=While I was waiting )for the bus, I caught sight of her （時(shí)間）(3).Educated(=As he was educated ) by the party, he became

13、a great fighter（原.因）(4).Not having received(=Because I hadnt receivedan answer, I wrote to him again（.原因）(5).(If) given(=If we had been given )enough time, e could have done it better（.條件）(6).(Though) having made(=Though he had made) great achievements, he didn讓步)t pride.(4.【考查點(diǎn)】：分詞短語作狀語，可表伴隨，結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于

14、and 的并列句，也可和with轉(zhuǎn)換(1).He died, leaving his daughter much money.(=and left)(2).The teacher entered the lab, followed by our students.(=and he was followed by our students =with us following him=and we followed him)5.【考查點(diǎn)】：分詞短語在句中作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句(1).He found the windows broken.(=He found that the w

15、indows were broken.)(2).I felt my heart beating fast at the news of bomb explosion.(=I felt that my heart was besting fast at the news of bomb explosion)知識(shí)點(diǎn) 4：特殊轉(zhuǎn)換1.【考查點(diǎn)】：動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于從句(1).Sophia s having seen them(=That Sophia had seen them) didnt surprised us.(2).I can thisbear(him) staying up so la

16、te(=that he stays up so late).(3).We encouragestudents living in the school(=that students live in the school).(4).What was disappointing was our not being able to go for a picnic (that we were not able to go for a picnic).2.【考查點(diǎn)】： there+being+ 其他成分(1).There being nothing to do, we played games.(=Be

17、cause there was nothing to do)原(因 )(2).They closed the store, there being no customers.(=Because ther was no customers)原因( )四、例題精析【例題 1】Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college.A. enterB. to enterC. enteringD. entered【答案】 B【解析】容易誤選 A 。有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could 就斷定此處

18、應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形enter。其實(shí)正確答案應(yīng)是 B。此句為省略句，即在could 后省略了動(dòng)詞do，若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為Everyone in ourclass was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語 (to enter agood college)是用作目的狀語的，而不是與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語?！纠} 2】He knows nothing about it, so he cant help _ any of your work.A. doingB. to doC. bei

19、ng doingD. to be done【答案】 B【解析】 容易誤選 A，根據(jù)cant help doing sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)推出。其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選B。比較以下結(jié)構(gòu)：cant help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事cant help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事【例題 3】The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make【答案】 B【解析】容易誤選 C，

20、受題干中的逗號(hào)的影響，認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果的用法。其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選B，句中的逗號(hào)相當(dāng)于連詞and 或 but，not to make it more difficult 是對(duì)逗號(hào)前的不定式to make life easier 的補(bǔ)充說明。此句的意思是 新技術(shù)的目的是為了使生活變得更容易，而不是使生活變得更困難 。兩個(gè)不定式同時(shí)用以說明句子主語 purpose 的內(nèi)容。五、課堂運(yùn)用【基礎(chǔ)】1.Mrs. White showed her student some old maps _from the library.A. to borrowB. to be borrowedC. borrowedD.

21、 borrowing【答案】 C【解析】解析：此題考察非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語。非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語，首先判斷動(dòng)詞與所修飾名詞的主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系， borrow 和maps 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)非謂語動(dòng)詞形式有三種：to be done 表示動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生， being done 表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，done 表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，根據(jù)句意borrow 的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，因此選擇C。句意：懷特夫人向?qū)W生們展示了從圖書館借來的一些老地圖。2. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money oute ofbankth_ presents for

22、 my dad.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. to have bought【答案】 B【解析】解析：動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式作目的狀語。 “買禮物 ”發(fā)生在 “從銀行取了一些錢 ”后，所以 D 不可以選。 句意：父親節(jié)將要到來，為了給爸爸買禮物我已經(jīng)從銀行取了一些錢。3.Though _ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome。A. surpriseB was surprisedC. surprisedD. being surprised【答案】 C【解析】解析：省略結(jié)構(gòu)和非謂語動(dòng)詞考查。補(bǔ)完整為：Though he wa

23、s surprised，跟后面句子的主語一致，可以省略主語和系動(dòng)詞。【鞏固】1. He had wonderful childhood, _with his mother to all corners of the wordA. travelB. to travelC. traveledD. traveling【答案】 D【解析】解析：主語 (he)與動(dòng)詞 travel 之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用traveling 作伴隨狀語。2.Its no use_ over spilt milk. A.cry B.crying C.that you cryD.for you to cry【答案】B【解析】

24、It is no good (use ) doing sth該.句型中的真正主語是動(dòng)名詞短語，形式主語。主句中的表語可以是 no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use。)3.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. to be tiedB. being tiedC. tiedD. having tied【答案】 C【解析】 容易誤選 B。最佳答案為 C。從意義上看， hands 與 tie 的關(guān)系應(yīng)屬被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除D。在A、B、C 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選

25、項(xiàng) A 比較容易排除，因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ奖硎緦硪饬x，在此與語境不符?，F(xiàn)將B 和C 作一比較： B 為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式，它表示兩層意義，一是表被動(dòng)，二是表進(jìn)行，也就是說his handsbeing tied 的實(shí)際意思是 他的手正在被捆住 ，這顯然與語境不符。而C 為過去分詞，它也表示兩層意義，一是表被動(dòng)， 二是表示動(dòng)詞的完成或完成后的狀態(tài)，此句中的with his hands tied behind his back 可視為手被捆在背后的一種狀態(tài)。由此可知最佳答案為C?！景胃摺?.Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life.A. you flyB. your flightC. flightD. flying【答案】 D【解析】 幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。最佳答案為D。由于空格后出現(xiàn)了constantly 這一副詞，這就說明不能選 B 或 C，因?yàn)?B、C 均為名詞，不能受副詞constantly有動(dòng)詞fly 。但若選