[語言類考試復(fù)習(xí)資料大全]Science and Technology

1、書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘學(xué)子：學(xué)業(yè)有成，金榜題名！語言類考試復(fù)習(xí)資料大全Science and TechnologyScience and TechnologySection Listening ComprehensionDirections: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that acco

2、mpany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test bo

3、oklet to ANSWER SHEET 1. If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started. Now look at Part A in your test booklet. Part A For questions 1-5, you will hear a passage. Listen and answer the questions with the information you ve heard

4、. Write not more than 3 words in each blank. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions below. (如需獲取本MP3聽力錄音請(qǐng)搜索標(biāo)題名) 1. _ make it possible for astronauts to reach the moon.答案: Rockets解析 1-5 The astronauts could not have reached the moon without the invention of r

5、ockets. We live in the age of rockets, but do you know that rockets are not a modern invention? For centuries, rockets were used to entertain people. The Chinese used rockets for fireworks. In the 13th century, rockets were first used in war. The Mongols used rockets to attack a Chinese city in 1232

6、. These early rockets could not travel very far. However, in 1885 a Russian scientist discovered a better fuel for rockets. This liquid fuel gave rockets much more power. Then in 1919 a new age of rockets began. In that year an American scientist, Robert Goddard, said that it was possible to send a

7、rocket to the moon! Goddard launched his first liquid-fuelled rocket in 1923. It flew 184 feet. Almost 12 years later, he sent a rocket 7,500 feet into the air in 1935. Russian rockets sent the first satellite into orbit in 1957. Just 12 years later the first man walked on the moon-thanks to rockets

8、! Where will rockets take us next? 2. Rockets were first used in war in _ .答案: 12323. _ discovered liquid fuel as a fuel for rockets.答案:A Russian scientist4. The first liquid-fuelled rocket can fly _ .答案:184 feet5. The passage is mainly about _ .答案:The Development of RocketsPart B For questions 6-10

9、, you will hear a passage. Listen and answer the questions with the information you ve heard. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions below. (如需獲取本MP3聽力錄音請(qǐng)搜索標(biāo)題名) 1. What have people who listened to the radio regularly ever experienced?答案:The annoyance of sign

10、al distortion解析 6-10 Anyone who listens to the radio regularly, AM, FM and short-wave, has experienced the annoyance of signal distortion. Technical types call the reception problem multipathing. What it means is that, on their way from transmitters to your home or car, the radio waves sometimes get

11、 sidetracked by tall buildings, tunnels, passing trains or your whirling hair dryer. In five years or so, there will be still passing trains and hair dryer-but radio interference could well be a memory. Digital radio is coming, and it promises to bring to future listeners distortion-free music that

12、matches the quality of compact discs. Supporters of the technology say the sound will be so clean that people will record songs and programs directly off their home receivers. Digital radio wont lie available until 1995 or 1996, at the earliest. When it does arrive, perhaps first in Canada, it could

13、 help radio stations in advanced countries compete with CDs, digital cassettes and emerging digital cable service. Its impact in developing regions such as Africa and the Caribbean, where radio coverage is spotty and programming insufficient, could be even bigger. In those places, digital radio deve

14、loped by satellites could bring the world to scattered listeners. 2. What is impressive about the characteristic of digital radio?答案:It has no distortions3. When will digital radio be available?答案:In 1995 or 19964. Where will digital radio first appear?答案:Perhaps first in Canada5. What is the speake

15、r s attitude towards digital radio?答案:He s sure of it/He is optimisticPart C You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C, or D. After listening, you will h

16、ave time to choose your answers. You will hear each piece only once. Questions 11-13 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13. (如需獲取本MP3聽力錄音請(qǐng)搜索標(biāo)題名) 1. According to the author, which of the following is NOT an achievement of the 20th century science?A.Nuclea

17、r power.B.Strong computers.C.Nuclear weapons.D.Conquering cancer.答案:D解析 11-13 Bidding farewell to the century of physics, the one in which we split the atom and turned silicon into computing power. It s time to ring in the century of biotechnology. Just as the discovery of the electron in 1897 was a

18、 seminal event for the 20th century, the seeds for the 21st century were spawned in 1953, when James Watson blurted out to Francis Crick that four nucleic acids could pair to form the self-copying code of a DNA molecule. Now we re just a few years away from one of the most important breakthroughs of

19、 all time: deciphering the human genome, the 100,000 genes encoded by 3 billion chemical pairs in our DNA. Before this century, medicine consisted mainly of amputation saws, morphine and crude remedies that were about as effective as bloodletting. The flu epidemic of 1918 killed as many people (more

20、 than 20 million) in just a few months as perished in four years of World War I. Since then, antibiotics have allowed us to vanquish entire classes of diseases. As a result, life expectancy in the U. S. jumped from about 47 years at the beginning of the century to 76 now. But 20th century medicine d

21、id little to increase the natural life-span of healthy humans. The next medical revolution will change that. Because genetic engineering has the potential to conquer cancer, grow new blood vessels in the heart, block the growth of blood vessels in tumors, create new organs from cells and perhaps eve

22、n reset the primeval genetic coding that cause cells to age. Our children may be able (I hope, I fear) to choose their kids traits: to select their gender and eye color perhaps to linker with their IQs, personalities and athletic abilities. They could clone themselves, or one of their kids, or a cel

23、ebrity they admire, or maybe even us after we ve died. 2. The word seminal in the first paragraph means _ .A.living in a strange worldB.functioning as a seedC.strong as plantD.genetic transmutation答案:B3. The word vanquish in the second paragraph means _ .A.vanishB.destroyC.overcomeD.ruin答案:C Questio

24、ns 14-16 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 14-16. (如需獲取本MP3聽力錄音請(qǐng)搜索標(biāo)題名) 4. A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it _ .A.is used both as a cultural and a physical objectB.serves different purposes equally wellC.is utilized by manD.can b

25、e of use to both man and animal答案:A解析 14-16 To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf s assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change. Yet we would do well to remind o

26、urselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on w

27、hich to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russia nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to

28、 set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flouri

29、sh. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination. Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed special

30、ized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolut

31、ion, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was a revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few. In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to re

32、volutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supple

33、ment and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electrons that represent its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society. 5. The examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl cited by the author serve to show that _ .A.if not given close ex

34、amination, technology could be use to destroy our worldB.technology is a human creation, so we are responsible for itC.technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by manD.being a human creation, technology is liable to error答案:B6. According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a r

35、evolution mainly because _ .A.the computer has revolutionized the working of the human mindB.the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people beforeC.it has helped to switch to an information technologyD.it has a great potential impact on society答案:D Questions 17-20 are based on the f

36、ollowing passage. You now have 20 seconds to read questions 17-20. (如需獲取本MP3聽力錄音請(qǐng)搜索標(biāo)題名) 7. Which of the following is within the capacity of the artificial nose being developed?A.Performing physical examinations.B.Locating places which attract terrorists.C.Detecting drugs and water contamination.D.Mo

37、nitoring food processing.答案:C解析 17-20 There s simple premise behind what Larry Myers does for a living: If you can smell it, you can find it. Myers is the founder of Auburn University s Institute for Biological Detection System, the main task of which is to chase the ultimate in detection devices-an

38、 artificial nose. For now, the subject of their research is little more than a stack of gleaming chips tucked away in a laboratory drawer. But soon, such a tool could be hanging from the belts of police, arson investigators and food-safety inspectors. The technology that they are working on would su

39、ggest quite reasonably that, within three to five years, we ll have some workable sensors ready to use. Such devices might find wide use in places that attract terrorists. Police could detect drugs, bodies and bombs hidden in cars, while food inspectors could easily test food and water for contamina

40、tion. The implications for revolutionary advances in public safety and the food industry are astonishing. But so, too, are the possibilities for abuse: Such machines could determine whether a woman is ovulating, without a physical exam-or even her knowledge. One of the traditional protectors of Amer

41、ican liberty is that it has been impossible to search everyone. That s getting not to be the case. Artificial biosensors created at Auburn work totally differently from anything ever seen before. Aroma Scan, for example, is a desktop machine based on a bank of chips sensitive to specific chemicals t

42、hat evaporate into the air. As air is sucked into the machine, chemicals pass over the sensor surfaces and produce changes in the electrical current flowing through them. Those current changes are logged into a computer that sorts out odors based on their electrical signatures. Myers says they expec

43、t to load a single fingernail-size chip with thousands of odor receptors, enough to create a sensor that s nearly as sensitive as a dog s nose. 8. A potential problem which might be caused by the use of an artificial nose is _ .A.negligence of public safetyB.an abuse of personal freedomC.a hazard to

44、 physical healthD.a threat to individual privacy答案:D9. The word logged most probably means _ .A.presetB.enteredC.processedD.simulated答案:B10. To produce artificial noses for practical use, it is essential _ .A.to develop microchips with thousands of odor receptorsB.to invent chips sensitive to variou

45、s chemicalsC.to design a computer program to sort out smellsD.to find chemicals that can alter the electrical current passing through答案:ASection Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text, choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSEER SHEET 1. It has been necess

46、ary to refer repeatedly to the effects of the two world wars in promoting all kinds of innovation. It should be 1 also that technological innovations have 2 the character of war itself by 3 of new mechanical and chemical devices. One weapon developed during World War 4 a special mention. The 5 of ro

47、cket propulsion was well known earlier, and Us possibilities as a 6 of achieving speeds sufficient to escape from the Earth s gravitational pull had been 7 by the Russian and the American scientists. The latter built experimental liquid-fuelled rockets in 1926. 8 , a group of German and Romanian pio

48、neers was working 9 the same lines, and in the 1930s, it was tins team that developed a rocket 10 of delivering a warhead hundreds miles away. Reaching a height of over 100 miles, the V-2 rocket 11 the beginning of the Space Age, and members of its design team were 12 in both the Soviet and United S

49、tates space programs after the war. Technology had a tremendous social 13 in the period 1900-45. The automobile and electric power, 14 , radically changed both the scale and the quality of 20th-century life, 15 a process of rapid urbanization and a virtual revolution 16 living through mass productio

50、n of household goods and 17 . The rapid development of the airplane, the cinema, and radio made the world seem suddenly smaller and more 18 . The development of many products of the chemical industry further transformed the life of most people. In the years 19 1945 the constructive and creative oppo

51、rtunities of modern technology could be 20 , although the process has not been without its problems. 1.A.notifiedB.observedC.commentedD.detected答案:B解析 此處意為“看到，評(píng)論”。2.A.transformedB.imitatedC.innovatedD.simulated答案:A解析 技術(shù)革新只能“改變”戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的特點(diǎn)，其他選項(xiàng)均不符合邏輯。3.A.introductionB.innovationC.eliminationD.alteration答案:

52、A解析 根據(jù)下文提示，此處應(yīng)選introduction，表示引進(jìn)這些新事物。4.A.requiresB.entitlesC.furnishesD.deserves答案:D解析 此處意為“應(yīng)該得到，值得”。5.A.principleB.disciplineC.strategyD.doctrine答案:A解析 此處意為“原則，原理；主義，信念”。6.A.methodsB.meansC.techniquesD.medium答案:B解析 此處意為“方法；工具；手段”。7.A.taken overB.handed overC.carried outD.pointed out答案:D解析 此處意為“指出”

53、。8.A.SimultaneouslyB.AdvantageouslyC.SpontaneouslyD.Instantaneously答案:A解析 此處意為“同時(shí)發(fā)生地”。9.A.acrossB.atC.alongD.with答案:C解析 此處意為“沿著同樣的思路，以同樣的方式研究”。10.A.capableB.ableC.possibleD.suitable答案:A解析 capable of doing表示“可以做某事，有某種功能”。11.A.spoiledB.informedC.labeledD.marked答案:D解析 此處意為“標(biāo)志，表示”。12.A.instrumentalB.mec

54、hanicalC.structuralD.integral答案:A解析 此處意為“作為工具或手段的，有幫助的”。13.A.influenceB.connectionC.impactD.conflict答案:C解析 此處意為“沖擊，強(qiáng)烈影響”。14.A.on the other handB.as a resultC.on the contraryD.for instance答案:D解析 此處表示舉例。15.A.encouragingB.urgingC.promotingD.assisting答案:C解析 此處意為“促進(jìn)，助長，增長”。16.A.byB.inC.throughD.on答案:B解析

55、表示“在某一方面”要用介詞in。17.A.appliancesB.utilitiesC.instrumentsD.equipment答案:A解析 house appliances特指洗衣機(jī)、攪拌機(jī)等家用電器。18.A.perceptiveB.accessibleC.complexD.controversial答案:B解析 此處意為“易接近的；可以理解的”。19.A.precedingB.previousC.subsequentD.following答案:D解析 這里講二戰(zhàn)后對(duì)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，following在此作后置定語的現(xiàn)在分詞。20.A.exploitedB.appliedC.ado

56、ptedD.processed答案:A解析 此處意為“利用或開發(fā)”，此處指利用機(jī)會(huì)。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read all the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Passage 1 We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning