江西省專升本英語輔導(dǎo)講義34頁

1、1.The author finds out that good intentions alone are not enough when his attempt to be kind to an old man leaves them both feeling worse than before.2.Most people do not realize, however, that it is the regular use of ”ordinary” physical punishment, and the cultural approval it enjoys, that lays th

2、e ground work for child abuse.The agency, _to set and enforce health standard for American workers, has been promising a cotton dust standard for several years.A .whose job it is B. whose job is C. whose D. whose is3.It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding envi

3、ronment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental.4. But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in

4、the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading.我喜歡 音樂。I like music.我喜歡 音樂 以前。I likedmusicbefore.I have some food to eat.I have some eati

5、ng food.第一章 句子結(jié)構(gòu)主 謂 賓 定 狀 補(bǔ) 表 同位I like music.I gave you a bike.I have a red pen.He studies hard.程度狀語He studies english in the afternoon.時(shí)間狀語He sings in the classroomHe is late because he is ill.He goes to school by bus.Ifyou come herehe will come too.備注:在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中從句不能用將來時(shí)He came here to look af

6、ter me.He got up so early that he caught the bus.He got up so early that he could catch the bus.He came here with a smile.The Army walked in the street while people were dancing.Although he is a little boy, he knows a lot. （讓步狀語）補(bǔ)語I call you Tom .I find english easy.sb. sb adj.You are called Tom.I a

7、m a student.I am excited.同位語You two are foolish.I beat you two.第二章主從復(fù)合句主語從句What your name isis not known.That he came here made us happy.賓語從句I do not know what your name is.I find (that) English is easy.52. The meeting was put off until next week, which was exactly _ we wanted.(06)A) it B) which C)

8、that D) what同位主語從句The news that he will come here makes us happy.The result whether the team has won the game is not known.同位主語從句76. We have to face the fact _ new computer viruses may appear at any time and it can spread across computers in a very rapid speed.（09）A) that B) it C) which D) what43.Al

9、l _ the people want are lasting peace and social progress.(05)A)what B)such C)those D)which50. The United Nations expressed the hope _ the two sides should soon stop fighting in the area.(05)A)whichB)that C)what D)when表語從句Money is what I want.表語從句49. What the doctor advises me to do is _ I must keep

10、 talking a well-balanced diet and regular exercises.（09）A) that B) whether C) which D) what名詞性從句的特例whether 和 if(是否）的區(qū)別The question is whether the film is worth seeing The news whether our team has won the watch is unknown.Whether we will attend the meeting is unknown.It is unknown whether we will at

11、tend the meeting.He does not know whether to stay or not.He does not know whether (if) he should stay or not.如果引導(dǎo)的是這種賓語從句兩者皆可以用He did not know whether or not she has been ready.I wonder if /whether the news is true.如果引導(dǎo)的是這種賓語從句兩者皆可以用He was not sure if/whether it is right or wrong.參見第四種I do not care

12、if it does not rain.狀語從句Ifyou come herehe will come too.備注:在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中從句不能用將來時(shí)He is late because he is ill.He got up so early that he caught the bus.He got up so early that he could catch the bus.The Army walked in the street while people were dancing.伴隨狀語從句I came here when you went out.時(shí)間狀語從句I

13、will go where our country most needs me.地點(diǎn)狀語從句I did the thing as you said.方式狀語從句44. He didnt realize he had left the files in his customers office _ he went back to the company.（09）A) if B) until C) unless D) since67. He will go abroad to further his study next year _ he gets a scholarship or enough

14、 money. （09）A) if B) so C) till D) although73. _ she joined the company only a year ago, shes already been promoted twice.（09）A) Because B) If C) Although D) When42. John frequently attempts to escape being fined whenever he _ traffic regulations.（08）A) breaksB) is breaking C) will break D) broke72.

15、_we entered the hall, an attendant came up and offered us a list.（08）A) As long asB) As far as C) As well as D) As soon as78._John is in rather poor health, he can hardly resist catching colds.（08）A) AlthoughB) Since C) After D) opposed51. I _ my breakfast when the morning post came.（07）A) was havin

16、g B) had been having C) had D) am having62. _ we were given the right address, we found her house easily.(0607)A) Since B) Although C) If D) So 54. Most of the graduating students have decided to go _ they are most needed.(06)A) whereB) which C) what D) how補(bǔ)語從句I put the book where it was.狀語從句，也可理解為補(bǔ)

17、語從句A big room定語從句先行詞關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞：which thatwho whose whom as關(guān)系副詞：where when why限制性定語從句This is the house (which)luxun lived in.=This is the house (that)luxun lived in.=This is the house in which luxun once lived.This is the housewhere luxun once lived.瞻前顧后I saved the boy whose mother is my teac

18、her.He is the man who saved the boy yesterday.He is the boy (whom) the man saved yesterday.I will never forget the day when I joined the Army.=I will never forget the day on which I joined the Army.This is the housewhere luxun once lived.I do not know the reason why he is late.45. I dont know _ will

19、 make the final decision for our summer trip.（09）A) what B) which C) whom D) who52. In his speech he advice to_ was interested in the field of computer science.（09）A).that B).whoever C) whom D) whose79. Each ARS scientist _ proposal was accepted will receive $80000 for two years of high-priority res

20、earch.（09） A) who B) whose C) which D) what48. As to the election, please give your vote to _ you think you can trust.（08）A) who B) whom C) one D) whoever asHe is as(so) great a painter as ever lived.(asas,soas)I bought such a watch as is shown on TV.61. We hope that such a book _ is helpful to our

21、research work is on sale.(05)A)that B)as C)which D)tillI bought the same watch as （that）is shown on TVHe is a good student, which (as) we all know.例如：As we all know , he is a good student.非限制性定語從句I will go to Beijing , where there is a meeting.That 不能用于非限制定語從句He is a good student, which (as) we all

22、know只有非限制性定語從句關(guān)系代詞whichas才可以代替前面一句話59. _ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.（09）A) As B) That C) Which D) What 61. The mountains also prove to be a tourist attraction as some of the mountains experience alpine (高山的) conditions, _ leads to ski resorts.（09）A)

23、 who B) which C) it D) that69. He was looking forward to the time _ he would have to attend the interview.(06)A) whereB) that C) why D) when 定語從句的特例特例：一如果先行詞是all, sth, nothing, anything等不定代詞時(shí)或者先行詞被only，最高級(jí)，序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)，只能用that,不能用which例如：He told us all that he knew.He told us sth that he knew.He bought t

24、he first watch that was produced by the factory.He bought the most expensive watch that was produced by the factory.二如果先行詞又有人又有物只能用that例如：She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons that none of us has ever heard of.三that 在下面情況下做了關(guān)系副詞例如：I do not like the way that you speak to he

25、r.在這里that 可以換成in which 或者不填四、but 在定語從句中的用法（只能用于限制性定語從句，且必須同具有否定意義的主句連用，其先行詞可以是人，也可以是物，but在意義上等于“thatnot”，“whonot ”，“whichnot”）There was not a single student in my class but(who did not) learnt a lot from him.我班上每一個(gè)學(xué)生都從他那里學(xué)到很多東西。五、what 不能引導(dǎo)定語從句He told me all what he knew .（錯(cuò)誤)He told me what he knew.

26、或者He told me all that he knew.賓語從句但注意what在如下情況下也可充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞：1、用于“what is (was)+形容詞比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，what是關(guān)系代詞，泛指上文或下文，意為“更.,尤其. ”。這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常用作插入語。如：He attended the contest and what is more surprising, won a gold medal.2、what money=all the money thatThe father gave what money he had to his son.六、We often advise him no

27、t to drink more wine _ is good for his health.A. asB. than C. thatD. ButHe smoke more cigarettes than were normally available七、there be 引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句She knows the difference there is between good and evil.第三章 時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)一.時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí) (1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)He likes music.(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)He is doing the housework.(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)He has finished

28、the work.(4)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)He has been studying English for six years.注意：The house has been in bad repair since he lived in it.The house has been in bad repair since he moved out .The house has been in bad repair since he has lived in it.I havent eaten snails since I was a student at Indiana University.I ha

29、vent eaten snails since I left Indiana University.I havent eaten snails since I have been a student at Indiana.過去時(shí)(1)一般過去時(shí)He watched TV last night(2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)He was doing his homework at this time yesterday.(3)過去完成時(shí)He had worked for six years before Marry joined the Army.(4)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)He had been working fo

30、r the factory before Marry joined the Army.將來時(shí)(1)一般將來時(shí)I will study English next week.I shall study English next week.I am going to study English next week.I am about to study English next week.I am to study English next week.區(qū)別:will 和 be going to, be about to, be to 的區(qū)別如:If the metal is heated, it w

31、ill expand.I am going to study English next week. I am about to study English next week.I am to study English next week.區(qū)別:be going to , be about to ,和be to 的區(qū)別如:Look , so many black clouds , it is going to rain.當(dāng)有預(yù)先征兆的時(shí)候我們應(yīng)該用be going to.(2)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)I will be studying English at six oclock tomorrow.如果是將

32、來的一個(gè)具體時(shí)間我們可以用將來進(jìn)行時(shí).(3)過去將來時(shí)He said,I will study English next week.He said that he would study English the next week.(4)將來完成時(shí)We will have finished the work by next year.43. By the end of last month, we _ on this project for more than 6 weeks.（09）A) have worked B) had worked C) are working D) will wor

33、k68. By the time you get there this afternoon, the film _.(0607)A) is to start B) is starting C) will start D) will have started44. We plan to finish the work on the 15th of next month. By then, we _ for ten weeks.(05)A)are working B)have been worked C)were working D)will have worked60. By the end o

34、f this year, it _ 16 years since the emergence of the World Wide Web as an electronicpublishing vehicle.(05)A)has beenB)will have been C)will be D)had been特例:He is always speaking to his mother like this.當(dāng)表示一種埋怨和責(zé)備語氣的時(shí)候用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).二.語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)I wrote a letter yesterday. I will write the book.被動(dòng)語態(tài)The le

35、tter was written by me yesterday.The book will be written by me.56. The professor was so popular that he _ with enthusiasm.(07)A) always listened to B) always was listenedC) was always listened D) was always listened to特例: I made him cryHe was made to cry by me. I heard him sing the song yesterday.H

36、e was heard to sing the song by me yesterday.第四章 非謂語動(dòng)詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 動(dòng)名詞 動(dòng)詞不定式do did done doing doing to do非謂語動(dòng)詞包括: 動(dòng)詞不定式, 動(dòng)名詞, 分詞動(dòng)詞不定式作主語和表語:To see is to believe.作賓語:I like to do homework this morning.作同位主語:Our plan, to go to the park is put off.作同位賓語:We put off our plan to go to the park.作狀語:I c

37、ame here to look after my father.作補(bǔ)語:I let you do this work.I asked you to help me.作定語:There is something to do.從上面這些例句我們可以看出謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別:I am sorry to have troubled you so long.60. The girl was reported _ missing for a month.(07)A) to be B) to have C) having D) to have been 66. Robert is said _ in

38、 a Japanese company as a salesman for many years.(06)A) have been workingB) to work C) be working D) to have worked 謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)參見第三章一般式:to do完成式:to have done語態(tài)參見第三章一般式:to be done完成式:to have been done否定式先加助動(dòng)詞再加not直接在前面加not : not to do現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行完成語態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)動(dòng)名詞：作主語和表語:Seeing is believing.作賓語:I like swimm

39、ing.作同位語:Our plan, going to the park is put off.作定語:a reading room a swimming pool注意:動(dòng)名詞不能作狀語和補(bǔ)語分詞作表語:The thing is exciting.I am excited.作補(bǔ)語I had the desk repaired. I heard him sing the song yesterday.I heard him singing the song at this time yesterdayI heard him beaten yesterday.作定語:a flying bird.

40、a developing country. an exploiting class.a developed country.anexploited class.作狀語(1)The students stood up as soon as they saw the teacher come in.Seeing the teacher come in , the students stood up.(2)The metal will expand as soon as it is heated.Heated, the metal will expand. (3)After he failed fo

41、r three times, he didnt try again.Having failed for three times , he didnt try again.(4)After he was kept out of the door for an hour, he was let in.Having been kept out of the door for an hour, he was let in.I have finished these tasks.These tasks have been finished.51. _ on time according to the i

42、nstruction, these pills will be quite effective.(06)A) TakingB) Being taken C) Taken D) Having taken 52. _ in Shanghai for more than ten years, she knows the city very well.(05) A)Having been livedB)Lived C)Having lived D)Living獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(1)The army was walking in the street while people were dancing.Pe

43、ople dancing, the army was walking in the street.(2)He lay on the ground while all his ribs were broken.All his ribs broken, he lay on the ground.（3）The earthquake having destroyed everything, they became homeless.(4) So much money having been spent,he will be punished.非謂語動(dòng)詞的特例:有些動(dòng)詞后面如果加動(dòng)詞的話必須用該動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)

44、名詞形式 如:avoid (避免)admit(承認(rèn))consider(認(rèn)為)acknowledge(承認(rèn)) deny(否定)detest(深恨)dislike(討厭) enjoy, escape(避免) fancy(想象) finishfacilitate(使容易,使便利) include(包括) keep ,mind(介意) misspostpone(推遲)practise , resent(憎恨) risk(冒險(xiǎn)) shun(躲避) suggest(建議)mean(意味著)53. If theres a book youve really enjoyed _, please recomme

45、nd it to your friends.（08）A) to read B) reading C) to be read D) being read59. I really very much appreciate _me that great favor yesterday.（08）A) you to do B) you doC) you doing D) your doing43. The manager promised to keep me _ of how the experiment was going on.（08）A) to inform C) being informedB

46、) informing D) informed有些動(dòng)詞后面如果加動(dòng)詞的話必須用該動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式形式 to do如:ask, advise(建議) afford(提供) aim(瞄準(zhǔn)) arrange(安排) attempt(企圖)choose, care, claim(聲稱)decide , decline(下降) demand(要求) deserve(值得) desire(愿望) determine(決定) expect(期望) fail, hope, learn, manage(設(shè)法) mean(打算) neglect(忽視) refuse, prepare(準(zhǔn)備) plan, wish

47、, seem , undertake(從事) pretend(假裝) 有的兩者皆可接 , 但意思有重大區(qū)別(1) remember, forget, regret(遺憾)I forgot to post the letter.I forgot posting the letter.58. The management regrets _ you that your contract will not be renewed next month.（09）A) informing B) to inform C) inform D) informed73. I regret _ you that w

48、e are unable to offer you the position.(07)A) informing B) having informedC) to inform D) to have informed(2)love, like, hateI like playing basketball.I like to play basketball this morning.(3)go on ,stopFirst he told us the importance of the work , then he went on to tell us how to do it.(4)try ,me

49、anI tried to pass the exam.The doctors are trying using a new kind of medicine to cure the patient.I mean to do the thing.Missing the bus means walking to the school.有些動(dòng)詞 allow(允許) , permit(允許) , forbid(禁止) ,advise, consider(認(rèn)為)如果直接接動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞,但如果后面跟了賓語那就必須用動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)如:I allow smoking.I allow you to smok

50、e.關(guān)于動(dòng)詞不定式的省略Tom wanted to ride the bike in the street ,but his mother told him not to.A to do it B to C to do D to ride 關(guān)于動(dòng)詞不定式做后置定語(1)I have some food to eat.(2)I am looking for a room to live in.(3)There is nothing to do.(4)There is nothing to be done.形容詞+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)：在某些表難易的形容詞如：hard, difficult,impossible,easy,convenie