新高考2021屆高考英語(yǔ)小題必練7定語(yǔ)從句

1、小題必練7 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句是高考的熱點(diǎn)，主要考查關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的正確運(yùn)用，特別是它們?cè)诜窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用。主要考點(diǎn)有：1. 關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；2.關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句（近年來(lái)常考查先行詞是表示抽象空間概念的名詞的情況）；3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；4.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?？键c(diǎn)1關(guān)系代詞（2020山東卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,formed the core collection of the British Museumop

2、ened in 1759.【答案】which/that【解析】考查連詞。根據(jù)空格前的先行詞the British Museum與空格后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞opened，判斷此處為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填which/that?！军c(diǎn)撥】1. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句中, 只用that不用which的情況(1)先行詞是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代詞時(shí)。 (2)先行詞被the only, any, few, no, very等修飾時(shí)。 (3)先行詞是形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾

3、時(shí)。(4)先行詞既有人也有物時(shí)。 (5)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)。2. 只用which不用that的情況(1)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。 (2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。3. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的as與which考點(diǎn)2 關(guān)系副詞（2020全國(guó)I卷）China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.【答案】where【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知，從句“it could send signal

4、s to the spacecraft and to Earth”不缺主謂賓，缺狀語(yǔ)，而先行詞spot為地點(diǎn)，故填where。一、單句語(yǔ)法填空1. He is the only person in his company _ is invited to the party.【答案】that【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：他是他公司里唯一一個(gè)被邀請(qǐng)參加聚會(huì)的人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞person，且先行詞前有the only修飾，所以填that。2. Do you know the reason _ she refused the invitation?【答案】wh

5、y【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：你知道她拒絕邀請(qǐng)的理由嗎？分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the reason，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少原因狀語(yǔ)，所以填why。3. We are living in an age _ the society develops rapidly.【答案】when【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：我們生活在一個(gè)社會(huì)快速發(fā)展的時(shí)代。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是an age，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以填when。4. In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost life

6、like. 【答案】whose【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：中國(guó)古代有一位畫(huà)家，他的畫(huà)幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞artist，且先行詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose。5. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of clothgives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。這是個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是cloth，指物，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，因此，可以用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。6This woman has set a good

7、example to her son, _ is a really lucky guy.【答案】who【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為her son，故用who。7Over the years, I have met some interesting people.Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters，Joan and Bernice，_way of talking about people inspired me.【答案】whose【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。whose引導(dǎo)非

8、限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，先行詞為Joan and Bernice。8.The shelter, _is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkoks night market，has become an attraction itself.【答案】which【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是The shelter，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用which。9.The old man turned his business over to his younger son, _made his e

9、lder son discouraged.【答案】which【解析】句意：那位老人把生意交給了小兒子，這使他的大兒子很沮喪。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面一整句話的內(nèi)容，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填which。10.I will never forget such a beautiful village _I spent my childhood with my grandparents.【答案】where【解析】句意：我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記那個(gè)如此美麗的村莊，在那里我和祖父母一起度過(guò)我的童年。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是village，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此用where引導(dǎo)，相當(dāng)于in whic

10、h。11.There they met people from other parts of the country, _had also volunteered to help.【答案】who【解析】句意：在那里他們遇到了從這個(gè)國(guó)家其他地方來(lái)的人，他們也是自愿來(lái)幫忙的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是people，從句缺少主語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系代詞who。12.Bob is in a hopeless situation，_we will keep a very close eye on.【答案】which【解析】句意：鮑勃現(xiàn)在正處于絕望的境地，我們將持續(xù)密切關(guān)注。此處

11、是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是situation，從句中介詞on后面缺少賓語(yǔ)，故填which。13.Take an active part in the activities you enjoy _ you can make many friends.【答案】where/and【解析】句意：積極參加你喜歡的活動(dòng)，在這些活動(dòng)中你能交到很多朋友。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是activities，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。也可填and，構(gòu)成“祈使句and陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)。14.Those who can achieve high grades in class

12、 tend to be weak in handling some practical problems，_is often the case.【答案】as【解析】句意：那些能在課堂上取得高分的人往往不擅長(zhǎng)解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題，這是常有的事情。as is often the case意為“這是常有的事情”，為固定用法。15.Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, _ might not be served until 8 oclock at night.【答案】which【解析】which

13、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。二、單項(xiàng)選擇16. Many lessons are now available online, from _ students can choose for free.A. whoseB. whichC. whenD. whom【答案】B【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：許多課程現(xiàn)在都可以在網(wǎng)上找到，學(xué)生們可以從中免費(fèi)選擇。此處是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是many lessons，關(guān)系詞在從句中做介詞from的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故選B。17. Dr. Rowan, _ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has

14、 had to do all his own typing.A. whoseB. of whomC. of whichD. which【答案】A【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：羅文博士的秘書(shū)兩周前辭職了，他現(xiàn)在只能自己打字。_ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾Dr. Rowan，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示“Dr. Rowans ”，表示“的” ，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)該從句，故選A。18. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital aroun

15、d _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what【答案】 C【解析】句意：有沒(méi)有這樣一個(gè)醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買(mǎi)藥治我的手傷？這樣的語(yǔ)境顯然有點(diǎn)不合情理，因?yàn)槿藗兺ǔＪ窃卺t(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。句中的 around不是介詞，而是副詞，意為在附近；其后的 where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用以修飾其前的地點(diǎn)名詞 hospital，where在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。句意：附近有沒(méi)有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷？19. She says that shell never forget the t

16、ime _ shes spent working as a secretary in our company.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where【答案】A【解析】在時(shí)間名詞和地點(diǎn)名詞后是否用關(guān)系副詞要看它在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，若用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞；若用作狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞。該題中的動(dòng)詞 spent缺賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 which或 that。20. We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. whichB. whatC. whenD.

17、 that【答案】C【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入到了一個(gè)時(shí)代，在這個(gè)時(shí)代夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)最大。句中先行詞為an age（一個(gè)時(shí)代），且先行詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以關(guān)系詞用when。故選C。21. Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. that B. where C. which D. when【答案】B【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：自動(dòng)駕駛是一個(gè)中國(guó)和世界其它國(guó)家都在同一起跑線的領(lǐng)域。句中先行詞為area，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞wh

18、ere，相當(dāng)于in which。故選B。22. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.A. where B. whichC. whenD. who【答案】A【解析】句意：公司老板正盡力創(chuàng)造一種輕松的氣氛，在這種氣氛中，其員工喜歡他們的工作。句中先行詞為atmosphere，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where。根據(jù)句意可知選A。23.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the

19、 eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whose B. that C. who D. whom【答案】A【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞指人且在句中作定語(yǔ)修飾其后的名詞“l(fā)ives”，所以用whose。句意為：這本書(shū)以那些生活受到地震影響的人們的眼光講述了這次地震的許多故事。24.Kae, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whom B. thatC. whose D. her【答案】C【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。句意

20、：凱特已經(jīng)去澳大利亞工作了。我們?cè)诖髮W(xué)的時(shí)候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行詞為Kate，在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作名詞sister的定語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。故選C。25. A company _profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A. which B. whose C. who D. why 【答案】B【解析】這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，a company 是先行詞，profit和 a company是所屬關(guān)系，所以要用關(guān)系代詞whose。句意：在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)利潤(rùn)減少的公司可能會(huì)尋求國(guó)外發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)。故答案選B。26.She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：她和家人騎自行車(chē)去上班，這有助于她們保持