英皇樂理1~5級演奏指示PerformanceDirections

1、、_實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)演奏指示 Performance Directions一級：(一)演奏術(shù)語 accelera ndo/accel. AdagioAllegrettoallegro andante can tabile cresce ndo/cresc. da capo/D.C. dal seg no /D.S. decresce ndo/decresc. dimi mmn do/dim.fine丿(=forte ):(=fortissimo) legato lento mezzo 旳(=mezzo forte ) 廳屮( =mezzo pia no ) moderato p(=pia no) pp

2、(=pia ni ssimo) poco ralle ntan do/rall. ritarda ndo/ritard./rit.slowhalf( moderately )moderately loudmoderately quietmoderately(allegro moderato ; moderately quick )quietvery quietgradually gett ing quicker slow(at ease ) fairly quick(but not as quick as allegro ) quick( cheerful ) at a walk ing pa

3、ce in a si nging style gradually gett ing louder repeat from the begi nning repeat from the sig n beco ming gradually softer beco ming gradually softer the end loudvery loud smoothly a little , slightlygradually gett ing slowergradually gett ing slower逐漸加快慢（舒適）稍快（但不及allegro快）快（歡樂），快板如行走般的速度如歌唱似的風(fēng)格漸強(qiáng)

4、從頭再奏回到記號“ 片” 處再奏漸弱漸弱結(jié)束處強(qiáng)，響亮很強(qiáng)圓滑地慢一半（適中）中強(qiáng)中弱中速（allegro moderato:適中的快板弱很弱少許，稍漸慢漸慢rite nuto/rite n. staccato/state. tempoheld back ( immediately slowi ng dow n ) detachedspeed, time(a tempo : in time )gradually gett ing louder(=cresce ndo)gradually gett ing quieter(=di minuen do/decresce ndo)Adetached(

5、=staccato )acce ntpause on the note (or rest)(=fermata )repeat marks: at the second sign ,and 和repeat the music from the first sig n(if the first sig n is left out, repeat from the beg inning )tie: a curved line joining two no tes of the same pitch into a sin gle susta ined sou ndslur: perform the n

6、o tes smoothly(a curved line over or un der two or突然慢（立即放慢）斷音，斷奏速度，時(shí)間（a tempo:回復(fù)到原來的速度 ）漸強(qiáng)（=crescendo）漸弱（=di minuen do/decresce ndo）斷音，斷奏（=staccato ）重音延長號。將音符（或休止符）的時(shí)值延長（=fermata ）反復(fù)記號。在第二個記號處，音樂從第一個記號處開始重復(fù)（如樂曲沒有第一個記號，音樂是從樂曲的開始處重復(fù)）連線:將兩個有相同音高的音連結(jié)成一個音的弧線連線：圓滑地演奏各音（置于兩個或一組音符的上方或下方more differe nt no te

7、s )的弧線）:.Loctave ( =ottava )八度(=ottava)、 :,perform an octave higher升高一個八度演奏月f|( writte n over a note or notes )(寫在一個或多個音符的上方)環(huán)材；perform an octave lower降低一個八度演奏Is -( written under a note or notes)(寫在一個或多個音符的下方 )=孑耳76 crotchet beats in a minute每分鐘奏 76個四分音符I( M.M.is short for Maelzel s Metronome)(M.M.是

8、 Maelzel s Metronome(拍節(jié)機(jī))的簡稱（一）演奏術(shù)語ain the style of, for, at, with,in以風(fēng)格、由、按照、用、按a cappella: in the style of chapela cappella:以（無伴奏的）教堂風(fēng)格演奏a due : for two performersa due:由兩位表演者演奏（唱）a piacere : at pleasurea piacere:按照表演者的與之所至地處理a puma d arco : with the point of the bowa puma darco:用弓尖演奏a tempo ; in

9、timea tempo:按原來的速度al, allain the manner of, to the以風(fēng)格，至(alla marcia : in the style of a march )(alla marcia:進(jìn)行曲風(fēng)格)allarga ndobroade nin g(gett ing slower and louder)寬廣的（漸慢及漸強(qiáng)）andan ti noslightly faster tha n andante比行板（andante ）稍快assaivery(allegro assai : very quick )非常，很（allegro assai:很快）con , colw

10、ith用，含有dolcesoft, sweet溫柔地，甜蜜地e,edand和，以及espressivoexpressive有表情地(espress./espr.)fPfirst loudly, then immediately soft先強(qiáng)然后立即轉(zhuǎn)弱(=fortepia no)giocosoplayful , merry嬉戲的，快樂的gravesole mn, very slow嚴(yán)肅的，極緩慢的graziosograceful優(yōu)雅的larghettoquite slow(but not as slow as largo)頗慢的，（但比廣板largo稍快）largoslow, stately慢

11、的，莊嚴(yán)的mabut但是maestosomajestic華貴的，堂皇的menoless少些moltomuch , very十分，很mossomoved活動的(meno mosso : less moved )(meno mosso:稍慢)motononpiiiprestosenza才朋(=sforza ndo/sforzato ) simile/sim.soste nutoten utotroppovivace , vwo（二）演奏符號活動（con moto:稍快）不是更多地快（比快板allegro更快）沒有，去除重音，加強(qiáng)地（=sforza ndo/sforzato ）如前的方式演奏持續(xù)的保

12、持（要奏足該音的時(shí)值）太多（non troppo:不太多）有生氣的，輕快的要奏足該音符的時(shí)值，各音之間稍間歇（=tenuto）短斷音，發(fā)音比一般斷音更短促，有時(shí)還有重音的意思（=staccatissimo）重音強(qiáng)重音（力度通常比 更強(qiáng)）半斷音，即音符需要略微斷開（=mezzo-staccato/semi-staccato）moveme nt(con moto : with moveme nt )notmore(faster than allegro)withoutacce nted,forcedin the same waysusta inedheldtoo much(non troppo :

13、 not too much )lively , quickthe note should be held for its full time-value ,and gen erally slightly detached(=te nuto) the note should be played as short as possibleand perhaps acce nted too(=staccatissimo)acce ntedstr on ger acce nt(usually str on ger tha n )the no tes should be slightly separate

14、d(=mezzo-staccato/semi-staccato )演奏術(shù)語adagietto ad libitum,ad lib. agitato alla breve amore animaan imatoben brio comododeciso delicato en ergico forza largame nte leggiero marcato . marc. marziale mesto pesa nte prima, primo risoluto ritmico rubato , tempo rubatorather slow(but faster tha n adagio)

15、opti onal or at will agitatedwith each beat as a minim(:-prinstead of 斗)love ( amoroso : lov ing )soul, spirit(con anima: with feeling/ spirited ) ani mated , lively( animando : beco ming more lively ) wellvigour(c on brio : with vigour, lively ) convenien t(tempo comodo:at a tom- fortable speed ) w

16、ith determ in ati on delicate en ergetic force broadly light marked,acce nted martial , war-like sad heavy first bold, stro ng rhythmically with some freedom of time稍慢（但比adagio略快）隨意處理激動地以二分音符作為一拍（以黑或（代替+ ）愛情（amoroso:富于愛意地）心靈、精神（con anima:有感情地/生氣勃勃地）活潑地（animando:更加活潑地）很好活力（con brio:有活力地）舒適的（tempo com

17、odo:舒適的速度）決斷、有決心地優(yōu)美的、精致的富于精力的力量廣闊地輕、輕巧的強(qiáng)調(diào)、有力地勇敢的、尚武的憂傷的強(qiáng)力的第一勇敢、剛強(qiáng)的富于節(jié)奏感地自由的速度scherza ndo,scherzosoplayfuljok ing幽默、詼諧的sec on da,sec ondosecond第二semplicesimple , plain簡單、樸素的semprealways持續(xù)地stri ngendflgradually gett ing faster逐漸加快速度subitosudde nly突然地tantoso much許多、太多tran quillocalm平靜的triste ,tristame

18、ntesad , sorrowful憂傷、悲痛的voltatime(prama volta:first time;次、遍（prima volta:第一次sec onda volta: sec ond time)seconda volta:第二次)（一）音樂術(shù)語和符號 Musical terms and signs 只用于某些特定樂器上的術(shù)語和符號。1用于弦樂器和銅管樂器上的演奏提示con sord in i,c on sord.with mutessenza sordini， senza sord. without mutes2.用于弦樂器上的演奏提示arcopizzicato, pizz.s

19、ul Gsul pon ticello3.用于鋼琴的演奏提示una corda ( u.c.)tre corde(t.c.)SA 條 or P|manomano destra(m.d.)mano sini stra ( m.s.)I(二)意大利文術(shù)語affettuosoaffretta ndoplay with the bow(a directi onafter pizzicato )dow n bowup bowa slur over or un der two or moreno tes meaning that they are to be played with one stroke

20、of the bow pluckedon the G stringn ear the bridge(literally : one string )press the left(soft ) pedal(literally : three strings )release theleft( soft )pedalpress.release the right(susta ining ) pedalhandright handleft handspread the no tes of a chord quickly,starti ng from the bottom n oteaffectio

21、nate,with tendern esshurry ing加上弱音器除去弱音器用弓拉奏（在pizzicat。之后所用的指示）下弓上弓在音符上面或下面的弧線，表示那些音符要以一弓拉完撥弦在G弦上在靠近琴馬的位置處演奏（直澤：一根弦）踏下左邊（弱音）踏板（直譯：三根弦）放開芍立（弱音）踏板踏下放開右邊（延音）踏板 手右手左手由最低的音開始，快速地先后奏出和弦中各音富于感情的，溫柔的加快的amabileamiable , pleasa nt親切的，令人愉快的appassi on atowith passi on充滿激情地cala ndobeco ming softer and slower漸弱及漸

22、慢cantandosi nging如歌的comeas , similar to好像，如同come primaas before跟前面一樣come sopraas above跟上面一樣facileeasy容易fuocofire火熱giustoproper,適當(dāng)?shù)?、?zhǔn)確的tempo giusto : in strict timetempo giusto:以嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乃俣菼 tessothe same同樣的I tesso tempoat the same speed、以同樣速度more ndodying away逐漸減弱nien teno thi ng沒有什么no bilme nten obly高貴地p

23、erde ndosidying away逐漸減弱possibilepossible盡可能地presto possibile : as fast as possiblepresto possibile:盡可能快地quasias if , almost好像sonorosono rous,res onant響亮的，洪亮的sopraabove在上面sottobelow在下面sotto vocein an un dert one以輕聲veloceswift迅速的voce（三）法文術(shù)語voice聲音蘆部doucesweet甜蜜的en dehorsmade prnnunent突出的，顯著的at .to在往a

24、nim文案大全lively t animated活潑的、有生氣的assezenough足夠的avecwith與，用cdezbecome sioweT(ajid usually also softer)逐漸減速(并變?nèi)岷?etand與、和lgferernfritlight輕快的lentslow慢的maisbut但是，然而modrfemoderate (=Tnoderato )中速（適中的）（moderatemoinsless較少，減少nonnot不是penlittle稍、少許plusmore更加，更多的presserhurry 廠催趕*加快en prssant: hurrying onen pr

25、esent：緊急地ralentirslow down速度減慢retenuheld back立刻放慢忙日 rptenant： holding baclcT slowing a littleen retenant：逐漸放慢五級:attacca dole ntedolore緊接。不停頓地接著演奏下去傷心的，悲痛的悲傷，悲哀悲痛的快一倍，加倍快盡可能地弱，熄滅漸快并漸強(qiáng)悲傷的，哭泣的回復(fù)原來音高（用以取消8va指示）長的.漫長的長休止溫柔的，嫵媚的節(jié)拍嚴(yán)守節(jié)拍自由節(jié)拍或，另外的方法（通常指另一個較容易的演奏法）愉快的傷心的，悲痛的確實(shí)很少加強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)緊接，繼續(xù)下去音量和速度都逐漸消失溫柔地溫柔快的，迅速

26、的飛快的doppio movime ntoesti ntoin calza ndolacrimosolocolun galusingandomisuraossiapiacevolepia ngevolepochett ino /poch.rin forza ndo/rf/rfzseguesmorza ndo/smorz.ten erame nteten erezzatostovola nte(二)德文音樂術(shù)語go straight on immediately without a pause sad , mdur nful grief,sorrow doloroso : sorrowful double the speed, twice as fast as soft as possible,exti net gett ing quicker, urging sad , tearfulretur n to the n ormal pitch(used tocan cel an 8va directi on )long, le