[語言類考試復習資料大全]劍橋商務英語中級閱讀分類模擬66

1、書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘學子：學業(yè)有成，金榜題名！語言類考試復習資料大全劍橋商務英語中級閱讀分類模擬66劍橋商務英語中級閱讀分類模擬66READINGPART ONEASalinas outlines the key qualities of good management in this autobiography. He believes that decisions should be based on facts, not opinions; that peoples strengths should be exploited; and that disagreem

2、ent is some times necessary. But the main point he makes is that leadership means performing well at all times and setting a good example.BIn this collection of essays, top business leaders predict how businesses will change over the next few years. They analyse changes in business and society and t

3、heir effects on job markets, as well as taking a look at possible strengths and weaknesses of leading economics and their currencies. This collection outlines a vision of tomorrows business world and the type of leaders that will be required.CThis book is a well-researched study of the problem of le

4、adership in global quoted companies. 160 international business leaders were asked how they added value to their companies and their answers form the main part of this book. Both managers and companies are analysed in order to show how they cope with difficult issues. A useful book for all senior ma

5、nagers.D100 well-known US business leaders through this century are described in this book, which analyses how their fortunes were made and sometimes lost. The background, business career character and personal life of each individual are outlined, creating an impressive collection of biographies an

6、d an excellent reference work.1. This is an account of one business leaders experiences.答案:A“這是對一個商業(yè)公司領導的經(jīng)歷的介紹?！庇?A段中第一句autobiography可知。2. This book suggests probable trends in the business world.答案:B“這本書指出了商業(yè)領域的可能趨勢?！庇捎贐段有“top business leaders predict how business will change over the next years”符合

7、。3. In this book you learn about the lives of business leaders from the past.答案:D“從這本書中你可以了解到商界領袖的過去的生活。”D段中有“100 well-known U. S. business leaders through this century are described in this book”。4. The writer of this book gives his personal views of what makes a good business leader.答案:A“書中作者給出了一個

8、好的公司領導應有的特征的個人觀點。”A中有“Salinas outlines the key qualities of good management in this autobiography.”這一句符合題目要求。5. This book looks at how large companies deal with various problem areas.答案:C“這本書關注于大公司如何處理各種各樣的問題?！盋段中有“This book is a well-researched study of the problem of leadership in global quoted co

9、mpany.”6. This book is based on interviews with business leaders.答案:C“這本書基于對公司領導的采訪?！盋段中有“their answers form the main part of this book.”這一句，所以C對。7. This book describes both successes and failures.答案:D“這本書描述得失與成敗?！盌段第一句后半部分就是答案。PART TWOKnowledge as a Strategic Resource While having unique access to

10、valuable resources is one way to create competitive advantage, in some cases either this may not be possible or competitor?, may imitate or develop substitutes for those resources. Companies having superior knowledge, however, are able to coordinate and combine their traditional resources and capabi

11、lities in new and distinctive ways, providing more value for their customers than can their competitors. That is, by having superior intellectual resources, an organization can understand how to exploit and develop their traditional resources better than competitors, even if some or all of those tra

12、ditional resources are not unique. Therefore, knowledge can be considered the most important strategic resource, and the ability to acquire, integrate, store, .share and apply it is the most important capability for building and sustaining competitive advantage. 1 What is it about knowledge that mak

13、es the advantage sustainable? 2 Unlike many traditional resources, it is not easily purchased in the marketplace in a ready-to-use form. To acquire similar knowledge, competitors have to engage in similar experience. However, acquiring knowledge through experience takes time, and cempetitors are lim

14、ited in how much they can accelerate their learning merely through greater investment. 3 Learning opportunities for an organization that already has a. knowledge advantage may be more valuable than for competitors having similar learning opportunities but starting off knowing less. For example, Big6

15、 invested heavily in capturing and sharing knowledge about key engagements across the firm so that it could sustain its areas of advantage by always building on its latest knowledge, rather than reinventing the wheel while giving its competitors a chance to catch up. Sustainability may also come fro

16、m an organization already knowing something that uniquely complements newly acquired knowledge, which provides an opportunity for knowledge synergy not available to its competitors. 4 Organizations should therefore seek areas of learning and experimentation that can potentially add value to their ex

17、isting knowledge via synergistic combination. Sustainability of a knowledge advantage, then, comes from knowing more about some things than competitor combined with the time constraints faced by competitors in acquiring similar knowledge, regardless of how much they invest to catch up. 5 The mere it

18、 is used, the more valuable it becomes, creating a self-reinforcing cycle. If an organization can identify areas where its knowledge leads the competition, and if that unique knowledge can be applied profitably in the marketplace, it can represent a powerful and sustainable competitive advantage. A.

19、 New knowledge is integrated with existing knowledge to develop unique insights and create even more valuable knowledge. B. The broadest value proposition, then, for engaging in knowledge management is that it can enhance the organizations fundamental ability to compete. C. Unlike traditional physic

20、al goods that are consumed as they are used (providing decreasing returns over time), knowledge provides increasing returns as it is used. D. Knowledge-based competitive advantage is also sustainable because the more a firm already knows, the more it can learn. E. Companies having superior knowledge

21、, however, are able to coordinate and combine their traditional resources and capabilities in new and distinctive ways, providing more value for their customers than can their competitors. F. As a competitive advantage, knowledge may generate more value for the company if it is appropriately used. G

22、. Knowledge - especially context-specific, tacit knowledge embedded in complex organizational routines and developed from experience-tends to be unique, and difficult to imitate. 1.答案: B2.答案: G3.答案: D4.答案: A5.答案: CPART THREE PRICE SYSTEMPrices determine how resources are to be used. They are also th

23、e means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, profession

24、al transportation, and public utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the system of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product

25、 or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask randomly selected individuals to define price, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a

26、product of service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product of service as agreed upon in a market transaction.This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involv

27、ed must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit te

28、rms and discounts that should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total package being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A.The Inherent Weaknesses of the Price System.B.The Complexities of

29、the Price System.C.Credit Terms in Transactions.D.Resource Allocation and the Public Sector,答案:B2. According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to _.A.labor and educationB.transportation and insuranceC.utilities and repairsD.products and services答案:D3. According to the passage, wh

30、ich of the following is NOT a factor in the complete understanding of price?A.Instructions that come with a product.B.The quantity of a product.C.The quality of a product.D.Guarantees that cover a product.答案:A4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the definition of pri

31、ce?A.Price system is a complicated network.B.Price refers to the quantity and quality of the product.C.Price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller.D.Besides money, many other factors are involved in the price system.答案:B5. In the last sentence of the passage, they refers to _.A.retur

32、n privilegesB.all the factorsC.buyer and sellerD.money答案:C6. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses _.A.unusual ways to advertise productsB.types of payment plans for serviceC.theories about how products affect different levels of societyD.how certain elements of a price package i

33、nfluence its market value答案:DPART FOUR The International Manager In recent years, many companies have expanded globally. They have done this 1 mergers, joint ventures and co-operation with foreign companies. Because of this globalization trend, many more employees are working abroad in managerial po

34、sitions or as part of a multicultural team. Although it is common nowadays for staff to work abroad to gain experience, many people have difficulty 2 the new culture. The failure rate in US multinationals is estimated to be as high as 30% and it 3 US business $3 billion a year. Two typical failures

35、have been 4 in the journal Management Today. The first example 5 a German manager with IBM who took 6 a position as production manager in England. He found that at most lunchtimes and especially on Fridays, many members of staff went to the pub. I stopped that right away, he says. Now they are not a

36、llowed off the premises. It didnt make me very popular at the time but it is not good for 7 . There is no way we would do that in Germany. No way. The second example is about an American manager who came to France on a management assignment. He was unable to win the 8 of his staff although he tried

37、all kinds of ways to do so. He set clear goals, worked longer hours than everybody, participated in all the projects, visited peoples offices and even took employees out to lunch one by one. But nothing seemed to work. This was because the staff believed strongly that the management were trying to 9

38、 them. The German managers mistake was that he hadnt 10 the cultural differences. IBM had a firm rule about drinking during working hours. It was not allowed. He didnt understand that staff in other countries might be more 11 in applying the rule. The American manager used the ways he was familiar 1

39、2 to gain the staffs trust. To them, he seemed more interested in getting the job done than 13 personal relationships. By walking around and visiting everyone in their offices, perhaps he gave the 14 that he was checking up on staff. His managerial approach strengthened their feeling of exploitation

40、. When managers work in foreign countries, they may find it difficult to understand the behavior of their employees. Moreover, they may find that the. 15 which worked at home are not effective in their new workplace. 1.A.fromB.throughC.withD.concerning答案:B解析 文中此處整句意為：近年來，許多公司進行全球擴張。他們通過企業(yè)并購、與國外公司組建合

41、資企業(yè)或者合作來實現(xiàn)此目的。因此，此處需要一個介詞與后面的名詞“mergers，joint ventures.”搭配，表示實現(xiàn)擴張的手段、途徑，故選項B為正確答案。2.A.applying toB.agreeing toC.sticking toD.adapting to答案:D解析 此題考查動詞搭配。選項A意為“適用”；選項B意為“同意”；選項C意為“堅持”；選項D意為“適應”。根據(jù)文意要求，選擇D符合句意，意為：“適應新文化”。3.A.takesB.issuesC.costsD.reveals答案:C解析 文中此處句意為：美國跨國公司(文化整合)失敗率高達30%，而且使得美國公司一年損失3

42、0億美元。根據(jù)句意，只有選項C正確。cost sbsth表示“使某人失去某物”。4.A.describedB.specifiedC.prescribedD.mentioned答案:A解析 文中第三段開頭指出，在期刊今日管理中有兩個典型的失敗案例。故根據(jù)句意，選項A為正確答案，表示“描述，介紹”。而其他三個選項分別意為：規(guī)定；開藥方；提到。5.A.indicatesB.concernsC.talksD.shows答案:B解析 本段開頭提到兩個典型的失敗案例，接下來具體介紹第一個例子是IBM公司的一位德國經(jīng)理。可知此處需要一個動詞表示這個例子與某人有關，因此選項B為正確答案，表示：“關系到，與有關

43、”。選項A意為“顯示”；選項C意為“談話”；選項D意為“顯示，說明”。6.A.upB.onC.overD.off答案:A解析 此處需要一個介詞或者副詞與動詞take搭配，表示“任某職務”；文中的take up a position as production manager。表示“任生產部經(jīng)理一職”，故選項A為正確答案。take on.意為“呈現(xiàn)，聘用”；take over.意為“接管，收購”；take off.意為“脫掉(衣帽)；(飛機)起飛”。7.A.effectivenessB.sufficiencyC.competencyD.efficiency答案:D解析 此處考查考生對語義相近的詞

44、匯的掌握。文中敘述了這位德國經(jīng)理在英國工作期間，發(fā)現(xiàn)當?shù)貑T工午飯時常去酒吧，很不滿，于是明令禁止。這樣做的后果是，他很不受人歡迎，但是他認為員工的這種行為會對公司效率帶來不利影響。故據(jù)文意要求，選項D為正確答案，意為“效率”。另外，選項A意為“有效性(效果)”；選項B意為“充足”；選項C意為“能力”。8.A.commitmentB.promiseC.trustD.security答案:C解析 本段落講述了第二個例子，即一位美國經(jīng)理為完成一項管理任務來到法國。盡管他用盡了所有辦法想贏得員工的信任，卻未能成功。此處需要一個名詞充當動詞win的賓語，根據(jù)句意，選項C正確，意為“贏得信任”。另外，選項

45、A意為“承諾”；選項B意為“諾言”；選項D意為“安全”。9.A.imploreB.discoverC.exploreD.exploit答案:D解析 文中此處意為：無論這位美國經(jīng)理采用什么方式與員工接近都無濟于事，因為員工堅信，資方就是在竭力剝削他們。根據(jù)文意可知正確答案為選項D，意為“壓榨，剝削”。此題考查對語義相近的動詞的掌握。選項A意為“哀求，懇求”；選項B意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；選項C意為“探索”。10.A.foreseenB.revealedC.proposedD.treated答案:A解析 本段分析第一個例子中的德國經(jīng)理失敗的原因：他對文化差異沒有預見。故正確答案為A。而其他選項均不符句意要求

46、，其中，選項B意為“顯示，揭示”；選項C意為“建議”；選項D意為“對待”。11.A.flexibleB.inclinedC.keenD.sensible答案:A解析 本句句意為：“盡管公司規(guī)定工作時間內禁止飲酒，但是德國經(jīng)理卻不知別國員工可以靈活對待這項規(guī)定?！敝挥蠥選項flexible(靈活的)符合句意。而其他選項均不與后面的介詞結構in applying the rule搭配，且表意不符。12.A.toB.withC.atD.in答案:B解析 考查固定搭配。be familiar with.為固定詞組，表示“熟悉”，故選項B為正確答案。be familiar to.其后通常接sb，表示“為

47、某人所熟悉”，故在此處不符句意要求。13.A.gainingB.consolidatingC.developingD.setting答案:C解析 此處考查四個動詞的基本含義。根據(jù)文中此處的句意，選項C正確，develop personal relationships意為“培養(yǎng)人際關系”。選項A意為“獲得”；選項B意為“鞏固”；選項D意為“制定”。14.A.indicationB.impressionC.signD.notification答案:B解析 根據(jù)前文所述內容可判斷出，文中此處表示：經(jīng)理四處尋望，給員工一種“監(jiān)工”的印象，故選項B為正確答案。而其他選項分別表示：選項A意為“指示，顯示”

48、；選項C意為“跡象”；選項D意為“通知”。15.A.skillsB.expertiseC.technologyD.techniques答案:D解析 文中最后一句總結了管理者在跨文化管理中的問題。整篇文章所述內容均圍繞管理者的管理方法或技巧問題，故據(jù)此可判斷出，此句意為：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)在國內本來奏效的管理技巧在新的工作環(huán)境里竟然無效。選項A、B、C分別意為：“技能”；“專業(yè)知識”；“技術”，與句意不符。故選項D為正確答案。PART FIVE In most of the lines there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the meaning of the text. Some lines, however, are correct. If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer She