人教版初中八年級(jí),上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法匯總

1、人教版初中八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法匯總1) leave 的用法1. Ieave+地點(diǎn)”表示離開(kāi)某地”。例如When did you leave Shan ghai?你什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)上海的2. leave for+ 地點(diǎn)”表示動(dòng)身去某地”。例如Next Friday, Alice is leavi ng for London.下周五愛(ài)麗斯要去倫敦了。3. leave+地點(diǎn)+for+地點(diǎn)”表示離開(kāi)某地去某地”。例如Why are you leavi ng Shan ghai for Beiji ng?你為什么要離開(kāi)上海去北京2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should 應(yīng)該”學(xué)會(huì)使用should作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用常常表示意外、

2、驚奇、不能理解等有“竟會(huì)”的意思例如Howshould I know? 我怎么知道Why should you be so late today?你今天為什么來(lái)得這么晚should有時(shí)表示應(yīng)當(dāng)做或發(fā)生的事例如We should help each other.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相幫助。我們?cè)谑褂脮r(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)1. 用于表示“應(yīng)該”或“不應(yīng)該”的概念。此時(shí)常指長(zhǎng)輩教導(dǎo)或責(zé)備晚輩。例如You should be here with clea n han ds.你應(yīng)該把手洗干凈了再來(lái)。2. 用于提出意見(jiàn)勸導(dǎo)別人。例如You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.如

3、果你感覺(jué)不舒服你最好去看醫(yī)生。3. 用于表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一。例如We should arrive by supper time.我們?cè)谕盹埱熬湍艿搅?。She should be here any mome nt.她隨時(shí)都可能來(lái)。3) What.? 與 Which.?1. what與which 都是疑問(wèn)代詞都可以指人或事物但是what僅用來(lái)詢問(wèn)職業(yè)。如What is your father?你父親是干什么的該句相當(dāng)于 What does your father do?What is your fathers job?Which指代的是特定范圍內(nèi)的某一個(gè)人

4、。如-Which is Peter?哪個(gè)是皮特-The boy beh ind Mary.瑪麗背后的那個(gè)男孩。2. What.? 是泛指所指的事物沒(méi)有范圍的限制而Which.?是特指所指的事物有范圍的限制。女口What color do you like best?所有顏色你最喜愛(ài)什么顏色有特定的范圍Which color do you like best, blue, gree n or yellow?你最喜愛(ài)哪一種顏色3. what與which 后都可以接單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如Which pictures are from Ch ina?哪些圖片來(lái)自中國(guó)4）頻度副詞的位置1. 常見(jiàn)的

5、頻度副詞有以下這些always 總是 一直usually通常ofte n常常經(jīng)常sometimes 有時(shí)候n ever從不2. 頻度副詞的位置a. 放在連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。如David is ofte n arrives late for school.大衛(wèi)上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到。b. 放在行為動(dòng)詞前。如We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天經(jīng)常在710去上學(xué)。c. 有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.有時(shí)我步行回家有時(shí)我騎自行車。3.

6、never放在句首時(shí)主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要倒裝。如Never have I bee n there.5) every day 與 everyday1. every day 作狀語(yǔ) 譯為每一天”。如We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我們每天710去上學(xué)。I decide to read En glish every day. 我決定每天讀英語(yǔ)。2. everyday 作定語(yǔ)譯為日常的”。She watches everyday En glish on TV after dinner. 她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語(yǔ)。Whats your everyday activit

7、y?你的日?；顒?dòng)是什么6）什么是助動(dòng)詞。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作1. 協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞Auxiliary Verb主要?jiǎng)釉~Mai n Verb。助動(dòng)詞自身沒(méi)有詞義不可單獨(dú)使用例如He does nt like En glish.他不喜歡英語(yǔ)。does nt是助動(dòng)詞無(wú)詞義 like是主要?jiǎng)釉~有詞義2. 助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用可以用來(lái)a. 表示時(shí)態(tài)例如He is si ngi ng.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已結(jié)婚。b. 表示語(yǔ)態(tài)例如He was sent to En gla nd.他被派往英國(guó)。c. 構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句例如Do you like colle

8、ge life?你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎Did you study En glish before you came here?你來(lái)這兒之前學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ)嗎d. 與否定副詞not合用構(gòu)成否定句 例如I dont like him.我不喜歡他。e. 加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣例如Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。He did kn ow that.他的確知道那件事。3. 最常用的助動(dòng)詞有be, have, do, shall, will, should, would7）forget doing/to do 與 remember doing/to do1. for

9、get to do忘記要去做某事。（未做）forget doing忘記做過(guò)某事。（已做）The light in the office is still on. He forgot to tur n it off.辦公室的燈還在亮著它忘記關(guān)了。（沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作）He forgot turning the light off.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。（已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作）Dont forget to come tomorrow.別忘了明天來(lái)。（to come動(dòng)作未做）典型例題- The light in the office is still on.Oh I forgot.A. turni ng

10、it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. havi ng turned it off答案Co由the light is still on可知燈亮著即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。2. remember to do記得去做某事（ 未做）remember doi ng 記得做過(guò)某事（ 已做）Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Dont you remember s

11、ee ing the man before?你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎？8) Its for sb. 和 Its of sb.1. for sb. 常用 于表示事 物的特征 特點(diǎn) 表示客 觀形式的形容詞 如easy, hard, difficult, in teresti ng, impossible等Its very hard for him to study two Ian guages.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)兩門(mén)外語(yǔ)是很難的。2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格品德表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞如good,kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。Its very nice

12、 of you to help me.你來(lái)幫助我你真是太好了。3. for 與of的辨別方法用介詞后面的代詞作主語(yǔ)用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語(yǔ)造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of 不通則用for。如You are nice.（ 通順?biāo)詰?yīng)用 of）。He is hard.（ 人是困難的 不通 因此應(yīng)用for。）9）對(duì)兩個(gè)句子的提問(wèn)新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)在命題中有將對(duì)句子劃線提問(wèn)這一題型取消的趨勢(shì)現(xiàn)在采取的作法是對(duì)一個(gè)句子進(jìn)行自由提問(wèn)。例如句子 The boy in blue has three pens.提問(wèn) 1.Who has three pens?2. Which boy has three pens?3. W

13、hat does the boy in blue have?4. How many pens does the boy in blue have?很顯然學(xué)生多了更多的回答角度也體現(xiàn)了考試的靈活性。再如句子He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sun day.提問(wèn)1.Who usually goes to the park with his frie nds at 8:00 on Sun day?2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sun day?

14、3. What does he usually do with his frie nds at 8:00 on Sun day?4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sun day?5. Whattime does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sun day?6. Whe n does he usually go to the park with his frien ds?10）so、such與不定冠詞的使用1. so與不定冠詞a、an連用 結(jié)構(gòu)為so+形容詞

15、+a/an+名詞”。女口He is so funny a boy. Jim has so big a house.2. such與不定冠詞a、an連用結(jié)構(gòu)為such+a/an+形容詞+名詞”。女口It is such a n ice day.That was such an in teresti ng story.11）使用-ing分詞的幾種情況1. 在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。如He is watch ing TV in the room.They were dancing at nine oclock last ni ght.2. 在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中。女口There is a boy swimm

16、i ng in the river.3. 在 have fun/problems結(jié)構(gòu)中。女口We have fun lear ning En glish this term.They had problems gett ing to the top of the mountain.4. 在介詞后面。如Thanks for help ing me.Are you good at play ing basketball.5. 在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中enjoy doing sth樂(lè)于做某事finish doing sth完成做某事feel like doing sth想要做某事stop doing sth停止

17、做某事forget doing sth忘記做過(guò)某事go on doing sth繼續(xù)做某事remember doing sth記得做過(guò)某事like doing sth喜歡做某事keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事find sb doing sth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事see/hear/watch sb doing sth看到/聽(tīng)到/觀看某人做某事try doing sth試圖做某事n eed doing sth需要做某事prefer doing sth寧愿做某事mind doing sth介意做某事practice doing sth練習(xí)做某事be busy doing sth忙于做某事

18、cant help doing sth禁不住做某事miss doing sth錯(cuò)過(guò)做某事12）英語(yǔ)中的“單數(shù)”1.主語(yǔ)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式即可用“ he, she, it ”代替的。女口he, she, it my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Marys uncle2.名詞有單數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如man單數(shù) -me n復(fù)數(shù)banana單數(shù) -ba nanas復(fù)數(shù)3. 動(dòng)詞有原形 第三人稱單數(shù)形式 -ing分詞過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞。如gogoesgoingwentgonework-works-working-worked-workedwatch-wa

19、tches-watch in g-watched-watched當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的時(shí)候謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用相應(yīng)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如The boy wants to be a sales assista nt.Our En glish teacher is from the US.Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.13）名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的幾種形式名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成可分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。I名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化1. 般在名詞詞尾加-s。如pear-_pears tree-trees 2.hamburger-hamburgers 以字

20、母-s, -sh, -ch, -x結(jié)尾的名詞desk-desks詞尾加-es。如class-classes dish-disheswatch-watchesbox-boxes3. 以字母-o結(jié)尾的某些名詞詞尾加-es。女口potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesNegro-Negroesheroheroes4. 以輔音子母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞將-y變?yōu)?i,再加-es。如family-familiesdictio nary-dictio nariescity-citiescoun try-co un tries5. 以字母-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v 再加-es

21、。如half-halvesleaf-leavesself-selveswife-wiveslife-livesloaf-loaves但是scarf-scarves(fes)roof-roofschief-chiefsthief-thieveskni fe-k niveswolf-wolvesshelf-shelvesserf-serfsgulf-gulfsproof-proofs belief-beliefsII名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1. 將-oo 改為-ee。女口foot-feet tooth-teeth2. 將-man 改 為-men。 女口man-menwoman-womenpolicem

22、an-policemenpostma n-postme n3. 添加詞尾。如child-children4. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形。如people-peoplesheep-sheep5.表示“某國(guó)人”的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。即“中日瑞不變英法變Chinese-Chin eseEnglishman-En glishme n Australia n-Australia nsCan adia n-Ca nadia nsIndian-In dia nsJapa nese-Japa neseFren chma n-Fren chme nKorean-Korea nsdeer-deerfish-fish其它國(guó)把-s加后面”

23、。女口Swiss-SwissAmerican-America nsRussia n-Russia ns6. 其它。如mouse-mice apple tree-apple trees man teacher-me n teachers14）雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的-ing分詞初中階段常見(jiàn)的有以下這些1.lett letti ng讓hitt hitti ng打、撞cutt cutt ing切、割gett gett ing取、得到sitt sitti ng坐forgett forgett ing忘記putt putt ing放sett sett ing設(shè)置babysit宀babysitt ing臨時(shí)受雇

24、照顧嬰兒2.shop tshopping購(gòu)物tript tripp ing絆stopt stopp ing停止dropt dropp ing放棄3.travelt travel(l) ing旅游swim t swimmi ng 游泳 run t running跑步dig t diggi ng挖、掘begi n t begi nning開(kāi)始prefert preferri ng寧愿pla n t pia nning計(jì)戈 U15) 肯定句變否定句及疑問(wèn)句要變化的一些詞1. some 變?yōu)?any。女口There are some birds in the tree.t There arent an

25、y birds in the tree.但是若在表示請(qǐng)邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求的句子中some可以不變。如Would you like some orange juice?與此相關(guān)的一些不定代詞如somethi ng, somebody 等也要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)變化。2. and變?yōu)閛r。如I have a knife and a ruler.t i dont have a knife or a ruler.3. a lot of (=lots of)變?yōu)?many或 mucho 女口They have a lot of frie nds.可數(shù)名詞t They dont have many frien ds.Ther

26、e is lots of orange in the bottle.不可數(shù)名詞t There isnt much orange in the bottle.4. already 變?yōu)?yet。女口I have bee n there already.t i have nt bee n there yet.16) in 與 afterin與after都可以表示時(shí)間但二者有所區(qū)別。1.in經(jīng)常用于將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)表示將來(lái)一段時(shí)間。如He will leave for Beiji ng in a week.一周后他會(huì)動(dòng)身去北京。2. after經(jīng)常用于過(guò)去時(shí)的句子中以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn)表示過(guò)去一段

27、時(shí)間。如He left for Beiji ng after a week.一周后他動(dòng)身去了北京。不過(guò) 如果after后跟的是具體的時(shí)刻它也可用于將來(lái)時(shí)。如We will finish the work after ten oclock.十點(diǎn)后我們會(huì)完成工作的。3. 注意區(qū)分以下的in的用法。Ill visit him in a week.一周后我會(huì)去拜訪他。Ill visit him twice in a week.一周內(nèi)我會(huì)去拜訪他兩次。17) 不定冠詞a與an的使用1. a用在以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前。如There is a b in the word book.單詞book中有個(gè)字母b。

28、類似的字母還有c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。She has a small kn ife.她有一把小刀。2. an用于以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前。如There is an i in the word onion.單詞 onion 中有個(gè)字母 i。類似的字母還有a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。Do you have an umbrella?你有一把雨傘嗎3. 以元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞前面不一定都用an以輔音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞前面也不一定都用 a。女口a useful booka uni versea on e-letter wor

29、d an hour anun clean umbrella an hon est pers on18) 如何表達(dá)英語(yǔ)中的“穿、戴”英語(yǔ)中表示“穿、戴”的表達(dá)方法有好幾種常見(jiàn)的有以下這些1、put on主要表達(dá)“穿”的動(dòng)作。如He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。Youd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。2、wear主要表示“穿、戴”的狀態(tài)。女口The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴著一畐U眼鏡。The girl is weari ng a red skirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。3、 dres

30、s可作及物動(dòng)詞有“給. 穿衣”的意思 后接“人”而不是“衣服”如Please dress the childre n right now.請(qǐng)立即給孩子們穿上衣服。dress也可作不及物動(dòng)詞表示衣著的習(xí)慣。女口The woma n always dresses in gree n.那位婦女總是穿綠色的衣服。4、be in 表示穿著的狀態(tài)。如John is in white today.約翰今天穿白色的衣服。The man in black is a football coach.19) a little, a few與 a bit (of)a little, a few 與a bit (of)

31、都有“一些、少量”的意義。他們的區(qū)別在哪里呢1. a little意為“一些、少量”后接不可數(shù)名詞。如There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有一點(diǎn)水。還可以接形容詞。如He is a little shy.他有些害羞。2. a few意為“一些、少數(shù)”后接復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞。如There are a few people in the room.房間里有一些人。3. a bit意為“一點(diǎn)兒”后接形容詞。如Its a bit cold.有點(diǎn)冷。a bit of后接不可數(shù)名詞。如He has a bit of mon ey.他有一點(diǎn)兒錢(qián)。4. a littl

32、e表肯定意義little表否定意義a few表肯定意義 few表否定意義。如杯子里有一點(diǎn)兒汽水。There is a little soda in the glass.There is little soda in the glass.杯子里幾乎沒(méi)有汽水了。I have a few Ch in ese frie nds.我有一些中國(guó)朋友。Few people like him.幾乎沒(méi)有人喜歡他。5. a little = a bit of,后接不可數(shù)名詞a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of,后接形容詞意為有點(diǎn)兒”20) 關(guān)于like的用法like可

33、以作動(dòng)詞也可以作介詞。1、like 作動(dòng)詞 表示一般性的愛(ài)好、喜歡”Do you like the color?like后可接不定式like doing sthShe likes eat ing apples. She likes to eat an apple. like 與would 連用你喜愛(ài)這種顏色嗎like to do sth有時(shí)意思不盡相同。如她喜愛(ài)吃蘋(píng)果。有泛指的含義。如也可接動(dòng)詞的-ing分詞習(xí)慣她喜愛(ài)吃一粒蘋(píng)果。平常不喜歡吃后接不定式 表示愿望或客氣的請(qǐng)求。如Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶嗎喜歡某人做某事”可以用結(jié)構(gòu)like sb to

34、do sth/doing sth”。女口They all like me to si ng/si ngi ng En glish son gs.他們都喜歡我唱英文歌。2、like 作介詞可譯成“像.”。如She is frien dly to us like a mother.她對(duì)我們友好就像母親一樣。It looks like an oran ge.它看起來(lái)像個(gè)桔子。3、區(qū)分以下句子A. What does he look like? B. What is he like?A句譯為“他長(zhǎng)相如何”指一個(gè)人的外貌特征而B(niǎo)句譯為“他人怎么樣”指人的性格特點(diǎn)。C. The boy like Pete

35、r is over there. D. A boy like Peter cant do it.A句指外貌相似 而D句指性格相似。21) stop to do sth 與 stop doing sth1. stop to do sth 意為“停下來(lái)去做某事”。女口The stude nts stop to liste n to their teacher.學(xué)生們停下來(lái)去聽(tīng)他們老師講話。2. stop doi ng sth意為“停止做某事”。女口The stude nts stopped talk ing.學(xué)生們停止了談話。與它們相反的句式是go on to do sth “繼續(xù)做某事與剛才一事

36、不同”和go on doing sth“繼續(xù)做某事與剛才同一件事”。如He fini shes his homework and goes on to study En glish.他完成了作業(yè) 接著繼續(xù)去念英語(yǔ)。They went on play ing games.他們繼續(xù)玩游戲。22) tell, speak, say與 talk1. tell意為“告訴、講述”指某人把某一件事、一條信息傳送給別人或講述一件事。如He tells me that he wan ts to be a teacher.他告訴我說(shuō)他想成為一位教師。爸爸總是給我們講有趣的故事。Father always tell

37、s in terest ing stories to us.tell sb sth 意為告知某人某事”。如He told me someth ing about his past.他告訴我一些他的往事。tell sb to do sth意為告訴某人去做某事”。如David told his son to do the homework.大衛(wèi)要他的兒子去做作業(yè)。2. speak 意為說(shuō)話、講話”后面主要接語(yǔ)言。如He can speak En glish and a little Chin ese.他能講英語(yǔ)和一點(diǎn)漢語(yǔ)。speak to 意為和.講話、談話”。如Can I speak to Mr

38、 Zha ng?我能和張先生講話嗎speak of 意為提到、說(shuō)起”。如The book speaks of my hometow n.那本書(shū)提到我的家鄉(xiāng)。3. talk 意為“談話、講話”如果只有一方對(duì)另一方說(shuō)話時(shí)一般用talk to 如果雙方或多方交談多用with。如Please talk to him right now.請(qǐng)立即同他談話。He is talki ng with his frie nd.他在和朋友交談。talk about 意為“談?wù)?”。女口They are talki ng about the movie.他們?cè)谡務(wù)撃遣侩娪啊ave a talk with意為“與 交

39、談”。女口Can I have a talk with you?我可以和你交談嗎4. say 意為“說(shuō)”。如Can you say it in En glish once more?你能用英語(yǔ)再說(shuō)一遍嗎say to意為“對(duì) 說(shuō)”。如He said to his stude nts that they would have a test.他對(duì)他的學(xué)生說(shuō)他們將有一個(gè)測(cè)試。It is said that.意為“據(jù)說(shuō)”。女口It is said that he could stay un der the water for a long time.據(jù)說(shuō)他能呆在水里很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。23) Excuse me!

40、 與 rm sorry!1. Excuse me!意為“打攪了對(duì)不起”一般是為了與陌生人搭話或者要打斷對(duì)方所說(shuō)做的事。女口Excuse me, is there a hotel in the n eighborhood?請(qǐng)問(wèn)附近有旅館嗎Excuse me, could I say someth ing?打攪一下我能說(shuō)一些嗎2. Im sorry! 意為“對(duì)不起 ”表示道歉。如rm sorry, Mr Zha ng. I wont do it agai n.對(duì)不起張先生。我不會(huì)這么做了。24) 表示時(shí)間的in、on與at in, on 與at 都可以和表示時(shí)間的詞組連用。1. in 表示時(shí)間的一

41、段或較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。女口in the morni ng 在上午in May, 2004 在 2004 年五月in a week 在一周之內(nèi) 后Its Sun day, I can finish it in two days.現(xiàn)在是星期天我能在兩天后完成。星期二Rome was not built in a day.羅馬不是在一天內(nèi)建起來(lái)的。2. on主要指在具體的一天。如on Sun day在星期天on May Day在“五一”節(jié)他于2004年4月26日到達(dá)北京。我總是每天早晨六點(diǎn)起床。 每年的這個(gè)時(shí)候總是暖和的。on a hot after noon在一個(gè)炎熱的下午He arrived in B

42、eiji ng on April 26,2004.3. at表示時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)或比較短的時(shí)間。女口at 8:00在八點(diǎn)at noon在中午I always get up at 6:00 every morning.Its always warm at this time of year.25) Other及其用法Other及其相近的詞組女口 others, the other, the others, ano ther, any other等 一直是中學(xué)生朋友們比較困擾的問(wèn)題平常的考試、作業(yè)中經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)。下面是它們的一些用法1、 other指其余的人或物 所有格是others復(fù)數(shù)形式是others

43、the other指“兩個(gè)人或物中的另一個(gè)”其復(fù)數(shù)形式是the others others相當(dāng)于other + 名詞” 所以不能充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾名詞。others指整體中去掉一部分后剩余的部分但不是全部的即some.others 一些其余的人.。the others強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中除去一部分后剩余的全部即 some.the others.2、 an other泛指三個(gè)以上的不定數(shù)目中的另外一個(gè)” 。由an和other 合并構(gòu)成所以不能和冠詞連用。another修飾單數(shù)名詞比如another pencil.3、 any other 指除去本身以外的任何其他的人或物”后面要用名詞的單數(shù)形式。26) look

44、 短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的look短語(yǔ)有以下這些1.look at 朝 看Please look at the map of China.請(qǐng)看中國(guó)地圖。(look at=have a look at)2.look for 尋找The old man is looki ng for his dog.老人在尋找他的狗。3.look like看起來(lái)像Na ncy looks like her mother.南?？雌饋?lái)像她母親。4.look the same 看上去一樣Li Ping and Li Jing look the same.李萍和李晶看上去一樣。5.look up 查找Please look up th

45、e word in the dictio nary.請(qǐng)?jiān)谠~典中查找這個(gè)單詞。6.look over 仔細(xì)檢查 The doctor looked over Mary carefully.醫(yī)生仔細(xì)檢查了瑪麗。7.look after 照顧 照看 You must look after your old father.你必須照顧你的老父親。8.look around至 U處尋找、查看We looked around, but we found nothing stra nge.我們四處查看但是我們沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)奇怪的東西。27) too also 與 eitherl. too用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句一般放在句

46、尾其前常加逗號(hào)。如We are in the same school, too.我們也在相同的學(xué)校。Do you play soccer every day, too?你也每天踢足球嗎2. also用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句一般位于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前、be動(dòng)詞后。如Sandra is also a Korean stude nt.Sandra也是一個(gè)韓國(guó)學(xué)生。3. either 用于否定句一般放在句末。如They dont know the an swer, either.她們也不知道答案。4. as well as也有“也”的意思。如We have great mushroom pizza as well

47、as soda.He is a happy boy as well.28) hard 與hardly 1.hard既可作形容詞Its a hard(adj.) questi on. (=difficult)The boy studies very hard(adv.).句子結(jié)構(gòu) Its hard for sb to do sthIts hard for him to finish the work.注意區(qū)分hard work 困難的工作work hard努力工作2. hardly 是頻度副詞表示否定的意思。前。女口I can hardly see it.也可作副詞。如這是一個(gè)難的問(wèn)題。 那男孩

48、學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是難的。如完成那項(xiàng)工作對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)很難。=almost not通常用在形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞之我?guī)缀蹩床坏剿?9) sometime,sometimes,some time 與 some times1.sometime 是時(shí)間副詞指不確定的將來(lái)或過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間一段時(shí)間。如Well go to Beiji ng sometime n ext mon th.2.sometimes是頻度副詞某時(shí)候或任何時(shí)候不指Sometimes I get up very late on Sun day morning.晚。 3.some time是名詞詞組指一段時(shí)間It took him

49、some time to finish the book.4.some times 指“幾次”。女口He met the woma n some times last mon th.我們下個(gè)月某一時(shí)候會(huì)去北京。指“有時(shí)”、“不時(shí)”的意思 =at times。女口有時(shí)候我在星期天早晨起得很 一些時(shí)間或若干時(shí)間。如她花了一些時(shí)間去完成作業(yè)。上個(gè)月他見(jiàn)過(guò)那婦女幾次。30) exercise的一些用法1. 作不及物動(dòng)詞譯為“運(yùn)動(dòng) 鍛煉”。David exercises every morning.2. 作及物動(dòng)詞譯為“訓(xùn)練”。如Swim ming exercises the whole body.3.

50、 作名詞譯為“體育鍛煉、運(yùn)動(dòng)、體操、Its good to do eye exercises every day. Please do more exercise from now on.如大衛(wèi)每天早晨進(jìn)行鍛煉。I have lots of homework to do toni ght.游泳能使身體得到全面的鍛煉。練習(xí)題”等。女口每天做眼保鍵操對(duì)眼睛有好處。從今以后請(qǐng)多做運(yùn)動(dòng)吧。今晚我有很多的作業(yè)要做。復(fù)數(shù)形式為exercises泛指運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)是4. 注意exercise指具體運(yùn)動(dòng)或體操時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞。31) maybe 與 may be1. maybe是副詞 譯為也許、可能”相當(dāng)于p

51、erhaps ”。女口Maybe he can an swer the questio n.也許他能回答那個(gè)問(wèn)題。He maybe is from the USA, too.他可能也來(lái)自美國(guó)。2. may be中的may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞譯為可能是 ”。女口He may be from the USA, too.他可能也來(lái)自美國(guó)。32) same 與 different1.same 指“相同的”She may be our En glish teacher.她可能是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。前面通常要有一個(gè)定冠詞the但是如果same前面已經(jīng)有this連用了。女口我們?cè)谕粋€(gè)班級(jí)。一樣如those等詞就不能再與

52、theWe are in the same class. 結(jié)構(gòu) the same as 與其后的可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。如 我們?cè)诓煌陌嗉?jí)。不同如這件毛衣與那一件不同。His mark is the same as mine. 他的分?jǐn)?shù)和我的分?jǐn)?shù)一樣。2. differe nt 譯為不同的”We are in differe nt classes. 結(jié)構(gòu)be differe nt from與.This sweater is differe nt from that one.differe nt的名詞形式為differenee,復(fù)數(shù)形式為 differences33) 動(dòng)詞want的用法1. w

53、a nt sth.想要某物They want some help.他們需要一些幫助。2. wa nt sb. to do sth.想要某人去做某事My father wants me to help him on the farm.3. wa nt to do sth.想要做某事我父親要我在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上幫他。I want to study En glish in En gla nd.4. want doing 需要.Your sweater wants wash ing.我想要在英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。你的運(yùn)動(dòng)衣該洗了。34) be good(bad) for 、be good at的相關(guān)用法1. be good for對(duì) 有益Doing morning exercises is good for your health.2. be good at擅長(zhǎng)于做早操對(duì)你們的建康有益。Li Ping is good at basketball.Li Ping is good at play ing basketball.be good at = do well in女口rm good