3D打印外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯最新譯文

1、文獻(xiàn)出處 : Paul G. 3D printing technology and its application J. Anatomical sciences education, 2015, 10(3): 430-450.原文3D printing technology and its applicationPaul GAbstract3D printing technology in the industrial product design, especially the application of digital product model manufacturing is bec

2、oming a trend and hot topic. Desktop level gradually mature and application of 3D printing devices began to promote the rise of the Global 3D printing market, Global industrial Analysis company (Global Industry Analysis Inc) research report predicts Global 3D printing market in 2018 will be $2.99 bi

3、llion. Keywords: 3D printing; Application; Trend 1 3D printing and 3D printers3D printing and 3D printing are two entirely different concepts.3D printing is separated into different angles the picture of the red, blue two images, then the two images according to the regulation of parallax distance o

4、verprint together, using special glasses to create the 3D visual effect, or after special treatment, the picture printed directly on the special grating plate, thus rendering 3D visual effect of printing technology. And 3D printing refers to the 3D ink-jet printing technology, stacked with hierarchi

5、cal processing forms, print increase step by step a material to generate a 3D entity, meet with 3D models, such as laser forming technology of manufacturing the same real 3D object digital manufacturing technology.3D printers, depending on the technology used by its working principle can be divided

6、into two categories:1.1 3D printer based on 3D printing technologyBased on 3D printing technology of 3D printer, by stored barrels out a certain amount of raw material powder, powder on processing platform is roller pushed into a thin layer, then the print head in need of forming regional jet is a k

7、ind of special glue. At this time, met the adhesive will rapidly solidified powder binder, and does not meet the adhesive powder remain loose state. After each spray layer, the processing platform will automatically fall a bit, according to the result of computer chip cycle, until the real finished.

8、 After just remove the outer layer of the loose powder can obtain required for manufacturing three-dimensional physical.1.2 3D printers based on fused deposition manufacturing technologyBased on fused deposition manufacturing technology of the working principle of 3D printer is first in the control

9、software of 3D printers into physical data generated by CAD and treated generated to support the movement of materials and thermal spray path. Then hot nozzle will be controlled by computer according to the physical section contour information in printed planar motion on the plane, at the same time

10、by thermoplastic filamentous material for wire agency sent to the hot shower, and after the nozzle to add heat and melt into a liquid extrusion, and spraying in the corresponding work platform. Spray thermoplastic material on the platform after rapid cooling form the outline of a thickness of 0.1 mm

11、 wafer, forming a 3D printing section. The process cycle, load, decreaseof bench height then layers of cladding forming stacked 3D printing section, ultimately achieve the desired three-dimensional object.2 The application of 3D printing needsThe 3D printing technology support for a variety of mater

12、ials, can be widely used in jewelry, footwear, industrial design, construction, automotive, aerospace, dental, medical, and even food, etc. Different areas., according to the requirements of application targets used by material with resin, nylon, gypsum, ABS, polycarbonate (PC) or food ingredients,

13、etc.3D printers of rapid prototyping technology has a distinct advantage in the market, the huge potential in the production application, hot applications outlined below.2.1 Industrial applicationsAir cycling is located in Bristol, UK the European aeronautic defense and Space Company using 3D printe

14、rs, application of 3D printing technology to create the worlds first print bike. The bike to use as strong as steel and aluminum alloy material of nylon, the weight is 65% lighter than metal materials. More interestingly, air bike, chain wheels and bearings are printed at a time, without the origina

15、l manufacture parts first, and then the parts together of assembly process, after printing, bicycles will be able to move freely. Bicycle manufacturing process like printing discontinuous in graphic print as simple lines, 3D printer can print out the object space is not connected to each other.2.2 M

16、edical applicationsIn medicine, the use of 3D printing will two-photon polymer and biological functional materials combination modified into the capillaries, not only has good flexibility and compatibility of human body, also can be used to replace the necrosis of blood vessels, combined with artifi

17、cial organs, partly replacing experimental animals in drug development. Biotechnology in Germany in October 2011 show, Biotechnical Fair), using 3D printers print artificial blood capillary to attract the attention of the participants, these artificial capillary has been applied in clinical medicine

18、.2.3 application of daily life3D food printer is developed by Cornell University in New York, the United States food manufacturing equipment. The 3D food printer used similar routine computer printers, the working principle of ingredients and ingredients in the container (cartridge) in advance only

19、need to enter the required recipe, by supporting the CAD software can keep the food print out. For many chefs, the new kitchen cooking means that they can create new dishes make food more individuality, higher food value. Using the 3D food printer making food, from raw materials to finished products

20、 can significantly reduce the link, so as to avoid the pollution in the links of food processing, transportation, packing and so on and preservation, etc. Because of the cooking materials and ingredients must be placed in the printer, so food raw materials must be liquid or other can print state.2.4

21、 IT applicationsRecently, a group of researchers in Disneys use of 3D printing in the same effect with the organic glass high pervious to light plastic, at low cost to print out the LCD screen with a variety of sensors, realize the new breakthrough in the IT applications. Using 3D printing light pip

22、e can produce high-tech international chess; the chess pieces can detect and display the current location. Although the monochrome screen compared with in the daily life, rich and colorful display some insignificant, but it has a 3D printing the advantages of low cost, simple manufacturing process.

23、In addition to the display screen, the use of 3D printing will also be able to print out a variety of sensors. These sensors can be through the stimulation such as infrared light to detect touch, vibration, and the results output.3D printing will create more for life and wisdom city of IT applicatio

24、ns.3 The development trend of 3D printing technology3D printing technology continues to develop, greatly reduce the cost of the already from research and development of niche space into the mainstream market, the momentum of development is unstoppable, has become a widespread concern and civil marke

25、t rapidly emerging new areas.3D printing production model, the application of gifts, souvenirs and arts and crafts, greatly attracted social attention and investment, development speed, the market began to quantity and qualitative leap. It is predicted that in 2020, 3D printing products will account

26、 for 50% of the total production. In the next 10 years on the computer to complete the product design blueprint, gently press the print key, 3D printers can bit by bit with the designed model. Now some foundry enterprises began to develop selective laser sintering, 3D printer and its application to

27、complex casting time reduced from 3 months to 10 days. Engine manufacturers through 3D printing, large six-cylinder diesel engine cylinder head of sand core development cycles, reduced to 1 week from the past 5 months. The biggest advantageof 3D printing is to expand the designers imagination space.

28、As long as you can on the computer design into 3D graphics, whether is different styles of dress, elegant handicraft, or personalized car, as long as can solve the problem of material, can achieve 3D printing.With 3D printing technology breakthroughs, constantly improved increasingly, the new materi

29、al of 3D printing in improving speed, size, its technology is constantly optimized, expanding application fields, especially in the field of graphic art potential, producer of the concept of 3D model can better communicate ideas or solutions, a picture can be more than a few hundred or even thousand

30、s of words of description.Professionals believe that personalized or customized 3D printing can be envisioned a real-time 3D model in the eyes, can quickly improve product, growth will be more than imagine, will shape the future of social applications.3D printing technology to eliminate traditional

31、production line, shorten the production cycle, greatly reduce production waste, raw materials consumption will be reduced to a fraction of the original.3D printing is not only cost savings, improve production precision, also will make up for the inadequacy of traditional manufacturing, and will rise

32、 rapidly in the civilian market, thus opening a new era of manufacturing, bring new opportunities and hope for the printing industry.譯文3D 打印技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用Paul G摘要3D 打印技術(shù)在工業(yè)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)，特別是數(shù)字產(chǎn)品模型制造領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用正在成 為一種潮流和熱門話題。 桌面級 3D 打印設(shè)備的逐漸成熟和應(yīng)用開始推動全球 3D 打印市場的興起，全球工業(yè)分析公司( Global Industry Analysis Inc )的研究報(bào)告 預(yù)測 2018年全球 3D 打印

33、市場將達(dá)到 29.9億美元。關(guān)鍵詞： 3D 打?。粦?yīng)用；趨勢1 3D 打印技術(shù)與 3D 打印機(jī)3D 打印技術(shù)與 3D 印刷是兩個完全不同的概念。 3D 印刷是將圖片分離成不 同角度的紅、藍(lán)兩張圖片，然后將這兩張圖片按照規(guī)定的視差距離套印在一起， 并用特殊眼鏡觀看來形成 3D 視覺效果，或者將圖片經(jīng)過特殊處理后，直接印刷 在特殊的光柵板上，從而呈現(xiàn) 3D 視覺效果的印刷技術(shù)。而 3D 打印技術(shù)是指采 用三維噴墨打印技術(shù)， 通過分層加工與疊加成形相結(jié)合的方法， 逐層打印增加材 料來生成 3D 實(shí)體，達(dá)到與激光成型等其他 3D 模型制造技術(shù)相同 3D 真實(shí)物體 的數(shù)字制造技術(shù)。 3D 打印機(jī)按照所使

34、用技術(shù)的不同，其工作原理可分為兩類： 1.1基于三維打印技術(shù)的 3D 打印機(jī)基于三維打印技術(shù)的 3D 打印機(jī)先由儲存桶送出一定量的原材料粉末，粉末 在加工平臺上被滾筒推成薄薄一層， 接著打印頭在需要成形的區(qū)域噴出一種特殊 的黏合劑。此時(shí)， 遇到黏合劑的粉末會迅速固化黏結(jié)， 而沒有遇到黏合劑的粉末 則仍保持松散狀態(tài)。每噴完一層， 加工平臺就會自動下降一點(diǎn)， 根據(jù)電腦切片的 結(jié)果不斷循環(huán)， 直到實(shí)物完成。 完成之后只要掃除松散的外層粉末便可獲得所需 制造的三維實(shí)物。1.2 基于熔融沉積制造技術(shù)的 3D 打印機(jī)基于熔融沉積制造技術(shù)的 3D 打印機(jī)的工作原理是先在 3D 打印機(jī)的控制軟 件中導(dǎo)入由 C

35、AD 生成的實(shí)物數(shù)據(jù)，經(jīng)處理生成支撐材料和熱噴頭的運(yùn)動路徑。 然后熱噴頭會在計(jì)算機(jī)的控制下根據(jù)實(shí)物的截面輪廓信息在打印平面上進(jìn)行平 面運(yùn)動，同時(shí)熱塑性絲狀材料由供絲機(jī)構(gòu)送至熱噴頭， 并在噴頭中加熱和熔化成 半液態(tài)后擠壓出， 并噴涂在相應(yīng)的工作平臺上。 噴涂熱塑性材料快速冷卻后在平 臺上形成一層厚度約0.1 mm的輪廓薄片，形成了一個3D打印截面。將這個作 業(yè)過程不斷循環(huán)，承載工作臺高度隨之不斷降低，層層熔覆 3D 打印截面形成多 層堆疊，最終獲得所需的三維實(shí)物。2 3D打印技術(shù)的應(yīng)用需求目前 3D 打印技術(shù)支持多種材料，可以廣泛應(yīng)用在珠寶首飾、鞋類、工業(yè)設(shè) 計(jì)、建筑、汽車、航天、牙科、醫(yī)療甚至

36、美食等不同領(lǐng)域。 根據(jù)應(yīng)用目標(biāo)的需求， 所使用的材料有樹脂、尼龍、石膏、ABS、聚碳酸酯（PC）或食材配料等。3D打印機(jī)的快速成型技術(shù)使之在市場上獨(dú)具優(yōu)勢， 在生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用上潛力巨大， 熱點(diǎn)應(yīng) 用概述如下。2.1 工業(yè)應(yīng)用“空氣單車”是位于英國布里斯托爾的歐洲航空防務(wù)和航天公司采用 3D 打 印機(jī)，應(yīng)用 3D 打印技術(shù)制造出的世界上第一輛打印自行車。這輛自行車使用像 鋼鐵和鋁合金一樣結(jié)實(shí)的尼龍材料， 重量比金屬材料要輕 65%。更有趣的是，“空 氣單車”無論是車輪、 鏈條還是軸承都是一次打印出來的， 無需原來先制造零件 再將零件組裝在一起的總裝流程，打印結(jié)束后， 自行車就能夠活動自如。 自行車 的

37、制造過程就像在平面打印中打印不連續(xù)的線條一樣簡單， 3D 打印機(jī)能夠打印 出空間彼此不相連的物體。2.2 醫(yī)學(xué)應(yīng)用在醫(yī)學(xué)上，采用 3D 打印將雙光子聚合物和（完整譯文請到百度文庫）生物 功能材料組合修飾成毛細(xì)血管， 不僅具有良好的彈性和人體相容性， 還能夠用于 替換壞死的血管，與人造器官結(jié)合，部分取代藥物研發(fā)中的實(shí)驗(yàn)動物。 2011 年 10月在德國生物科技展(Biotechnical Fair)上，用3D打印機(jī)打印出來的人造 毛細(xì)血管吸引了參會者的關(guān)注，這些人造毛細(xì)血管已經(jīng)在臨床醫(yī)學(xué)上應(yīng)用。 2.3日常生活應(yīng)用“3D 食物打印機(jī)”是美國紐約康奈爾大學(xué)研制的食物制造設(shè)備。這部“ 3D 食物打印機(jī)” 采用了類似日常計(jì)算機(jī)打印機(jī)的工作原理， 將食材和配料預(yù)先放入 容器內(nèi)(墨盒)中，只需輸入所需食譜， 通過所配套的 CAD 軟件就能把美食“印” 出來。