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1、第一部分原始數(shù)據(jù)及技術(shù)參數(shù)1.1 各項(xiàng)汽車參數(shù) 11.2 變速器速比 21.3 奇瑞a1 2009款1.3l手動(dòng)舒適型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外特性 21.4 轉(zhuǎn)速和扭矩的圖形以及公式 31.5 轉(zhuǎn)速和燃油消耗率的圖形以及公式 31.6 汽車車身外形圖 41.7 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外形圖 5第二部分汽車動(dòng)力性的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算2.1 驅(qū)動(dòng)力與行駛阻力平衡圖 62.2 最高車速和最大爬坡度的計(jì)算 72.3 加速度倒數(shù)曲線的繪制 72.4 繪制動(dòng)力因素特性曲線 7第三部分 汽車使用經(jīng)濟(jì)性的計(jì)算第四部分計(jì)算機(jī)動(dòng)力性計(jì)算流程圖第五部分 燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性的流程圖第六部分計(jì)算機(jī)編程對(duì)于動(dòng)力性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性的程序6.1 驅(qū)動(dòng)力-行駛阻力平衡 116.2 最
2、大速度和最大爬坡度 126.3 加速度倒數(shù)曲線 146.4 動(dòng)力因數(shù)曲線 156.5 二擋起步加速速度-時(shí)間圖 186.6 二擋起步加速距離-時(shí)間圖 206.7 優(yōu)化換擋的計(jì)算和分析 226.8 等速百公里油耗計(jì)算 24第七部分程序運(yùn)行結(jié)果7.1 程序界面 267.2 驅(qū)動(dòng)力一阻力平衡圖 277.3 加速度倒數(shù)曲線圖 287.4 動(dòng)力因素特性曲線 297.5 起檔起步加速速度一時(shí)間曲線圖 307.6 二檔起步加速距離一時(shí)間曲線圖 317.7 優(yōu)化連續(xù)換擋加速過(guò)程曲線圖 328最大速度和最大爬坡度和等速百公里油耗值以及經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析曲線 .33 參考文獻(xiàn)1.2變速器速比第一部分原始數(shù)據(jù)及技術(shù)參數(shù)1.
3、1各項(xiàng)汽車參數(shù)奇瑞a1 2009款1.3l手動(dòng)舒適型各項(xiàng)參數(shù)見(jiàn)表1-1基本參數(shù)級(jí)別:小型車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī):1.3l 83 馬力 l4排量(l):1.3長(zhǎng)x寬x高(mm):3700x 1578x 1564氣囊氣簾數(shù)目:2車身結(jié)構(gòu):承載式最局車速(km/h):156等速油耗(l/km/h):4.6/60裝載質(zhì)量(kg):375息質(zhì)量(kg):1750車身參數(shù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)車長(zhǎng)(mm):3700工自然吸氣車寬(mm):1578排量(l):1.3車身(mm):1564燃油類型:汽油軸距(mm):2390燃油標(biāo)號(hào):93車重(kg):1040最大功率(kw):61車身結(jié)構(gòu):兩廂車最大功率轉(zhuǎn)速(rpm):6000軸距(mm
4、):2390最大扭矩(n m):114質(zhì)心至前軸距離(mm):1463最大扭矩轉(zhuǎn)速(rpm):3800-4500質(zhì)心高度(mm):580車門數(shù)(個(gè)):5座位數(shù)(個(gè)):5行李箱容積(l):324/602油箱容積(l):43專業(yè)參數(shù)傳動(dòng)系效率0.90空氣阻力系數(shù)*迎風(fēng)面積一 一一一20.3*2.05 m滾動(dòng)阻力系數(shù)0.014主減速器速比4.3125車輪半徑(m)0.34295飛輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量(kgm2)0.16兩前輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量(kgm)1.6 2四后輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣重(kgm)1.6汽缸容積(cc):1297供油方式:多點(diǎn)電噴升功率(kw/l):46.9最小轉(zhuǎn)彎直徑(m):9.6汽缸數(shù)(個(gè)):4前輪距(mm):
5、1370每缸氣門數(shù)(個(gè)):4后輪距(mm):1355壓縮比:10最大馬力(ps):83氣門結(jié)構(gòu):dohc發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)特啟技術(shù):edmfe子控制模塊缸蓋材料:鋁環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn):國(guó)四/obd缸體材料:鑄鐵變速器各檔位的變速比見(jiàn)表1-2變速器i檔ii檔出檔iv檔v檔傳動(dòng)比31.921.2810.75表1-2變速器速比1.3奇瑞a1 2009款1.3l手動(dòng)舒適型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外特性奇瑞a1 2009款1.3l手動(dòng)舒適型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的外特性圖見(jiàn)圖1-11500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 450d 5000 5500 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速rf mi n圖1-1奇瑞a1 2009款1.3l手動(dòng)舒適型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的外特性#1.
6、4轉(zhuǎn)速和扭矩的圖形以及公式插值法所用的轉(zhuǎn)速和扭矩?cái)?shù)據(jù)見(jiàn)表 1-3,以及最后繪出的圖形,公式見(jiàn)圖1-2轉(zhuǎn)速(r/min )扭矩(n.m)12001622000174300022640002195500201表1-3轉(zhuǎn)速與扭矩?cái)?shù)據(jù)250200150100 - y = 5e-10x3 - 1e-o5x2+ 0. 067x + 81. 2050 -0 1110200040006000圖1-2轉(zhuǎn)速與扭矩1.5轉(zhuǎn)速和燃油消耗率的圖形以及公式插值法所用的轉(zhuǎn)速和燃油消耗率所用的數(shù)據(jù)見(jiàn)表1-4,得到的圖形,公式見(jiàn)圖1-3。轉(zhuǎn)速(r/min)油耗(g/kw.h)15002702000260300029840003
7、3145003395500364表1-4轉(zhuǎn)速與油耗數(shù)據(jù)3400圖1-3轉(zhuǎn)速與油耗曲線1.6汽車車身外形圖設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)中所用的汽車的外形圖見(jiàn)圖 1-4圖1-4奇瑞a1 2009款1.3l手動(dòng)舒適型外形圖#1.7發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外形圖5設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)中所涉及的汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的外形圖見(jiàn)圖1-5、1-6圖1-5奇瑞a1 2009款1.3l手動(dòng)舒適型sqr371f發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外形圖1-6奇瑞a1 2009款1.3l手動(dòng)舒適型sqr371f發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)圖樣2.2最高車速和最大爬坡度的計(jì)算第二部分汽車動(dòng)力性的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算2.1驅(qū)動(dòng)力與行駛阻力平衡圖首先要計(jì)算出汽車的車輪的半徑r = 0.0254(d/2 b(1-)驅(qū)動(dòng)力ft的計(jì)算匚teigi
8、0f t 一rte 使用狀態(tài)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩傳動(dòng)效率r 車輪動(dòng)態(tài)半徑ig、io 變速器與主減速器比發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的扭矩由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外特性曲線偶合出來(lái)。滾動(dòng)阻力ff =gff = 0.014(1 u19440)rn汽車車速ua = 0.377ar車輪滾動(dòng)半徑n 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速空氣阻力2c d au af 二21.15f 滾動(dòng)阻力cd 空氣阻力系數(shù)a迎風(fēng)面積9最高車速um,*是最高檔驅(qū)動(dòng)力的曲線和行駛阻力曲線的交點(diǎn),即ft =ff fw=gf2cd aua21.15對(duì)應(yīng)的車速就是最高車速。=tan最大爬坡度為一檔的驅(qū)動(dòng)力減去行駛阻力與汽車車自重的比sinfi = g sin ;fi =gif =fyff fw)ima
9、x : arcsin(ff ff- fw):2: 2 igi。mr22.3 加速度倒數(shù)曲線的繪制 iw=1 2mrdu 1 ri,rf-(ff fw)2.4 繪制動(dòng)力因素特性曲線ft 二 fffw fi fjft - fw _ .必ggdtd 二 p du gdtft 滾動(dòng)阻力第三部分 汽車使用經(jīng)濟(jì)性的計(jì)算這部分的計(jì)算主要是關(guān)于等速百公里油耗的計(jì)算 ,此次計(jì)算的是90km/h的油耗=pbe , l /100km1.02ua ae 1 f 3600 r 2115 或 3600be = f(fe,n)汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)= 6.967.15n/l第四部分計(jì)算機(jī)動(dòng)力性計(jì)算流程圖計(jì)算動(dòng)力性程序中所涉及的程序流程
10、圖見(jiàn)圖4-1計(jì)算機(jī)動(dòng)力性計(jì)算流程圖29第五部分 燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性的流程圖計(jì)算燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性時(shí)所涉及的程序的流程圖見(jiàn)圖5-1。圖5-1燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性的流程圖第六部分計(jì)算機(jī)編程對(duì)于動(dòng)力性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性的程序程序代碼說(shuō)明dim t as double, i(6) as double, n as double, ft as double, v asdouble, f as double, ffmax(1) as double, ii as single, d(5) asdouble, dim nmax as double, imax as double6.1驅(qū)動(dòng)力-行駛阻力平衡private sub command1_c
11、lick()dim a as singlepicture1.clspicture1.scale (-40, 9000)-(350,-500)picture1.line (0, 0)-(300, 0)picture1.line (0, 0)-(0, 8500)picture1.currentx = 300picture1.currenty = 250picture1.print v(km/h)”picture1.currentx = 5picture1.currenty = 8000picture1.print f(n)for a = 0 to 350 step 20picture1.line
12、(a, 0)-(a, 50)picture1.currentx = apicture1.currenty = -100picture1.print anext afor a = 500 to 8500 step 500picture1.line (0, a)-(1, a)picture1.currentx = -30變量的定義定義x軸與y軸畫(huà)出坐標(biāo)系picturel.currenty = apicturel.print anext ai(0) = 4.3125i(1) = 3i(2) = 1.92i(3) = 1.28i(4) = 1i(5) = 0.75for s = 1 to 5 step
13、 1for n = 1000 to 6500 step 1t = 5 * (10 a -10) * (n a 3) - 1 * (10 a -5) * (n a 2) + 0.067 * n + 81.2ft = (t * i(0) * i(s) * 0.9) / 0.34295v = (0.377 * 0.34295 * n) / (i(0) * i(s)f = 0.3 * 2.05 * (v a 2) / 21.15 + 1750 * 9.8 * 0.014 * (1 + (v a 2) / 19440)picture1.pset (v f)picture1.pset (v ft)next
14、 nnext send sub6.2 最大速度和最大爬坡度private sub command2_click()ffmax(0) = 0i(0) = 4.3125i(1) = 3各擋速比及主減速比轉(zhuǎn)矩驅(qū)動(dòng)力車速行駛阻力各擋速比及主 減速比i(2) = 1.92i(3) = 1.28i(4) = 1i(5) = 0.75for s = 1 to 5 step 1for n = 1000 to 6500 step 1t = 5 * (10 a -10) * (n a 3) - 1 * (10 a -5) * (n a 2) + 0.067 * n + 81.2ft = (t * i(0) * i
15、(s) * 0.9) / 0.34295v = (0.377 * 0.34295 * n) / (i(0) * i(s)f = 0.3 * 2.05 * (v a 2) / 21.15 + 1750 * 9.8 * 0.014 * (1 + (v a 2) / 19440)if ft - f 0 thentext2.text = int(v)end ifnext n next sfor n = 1000 to 6500 step 1t = 5 * (10 a -10) * (n a 3) - 1 * (10 a -5) * (n a 2) + 0.067 * n + 81.2ft = (t *
16、 i(0) * i(1) * 0.9) / 0.34295v = (0.377 * 0.34295 * n) / (i(0) * i(1)f = 0.3 * 2.05 * (v a 2) / 21.15 + 1750 * 9.8 * 0.014 * (1 + (v a 2) / 19440)ffmax(1) = ft - fif ffmax(1) ffmax(0) thenffmax(0) = ffmax(1)elseend ifnext nimax = ffmax(0) / (1750 * 9.8)text4.text = format(0 & imax, 0.00)end sub轉(zhuǎn)矩驅(qū)動(dòng)力
17、行駛阻力最大車速(ft-f)最大值最大爬坡度6.3 加速度倒數(shù)曲線private sub command3_click()dim a as singlepicturel.clspicture1.scale (-10, 12)-(230, -1)定義坐標(biāo)系picture1.line (0, 0)-(220, 0)picture1.line (0, 0)-(0, 11)picture1.currentx = 210picture1.currenty = 0.5picture1.print v(km/h)”picture1.currentx = 0.5picture1.currenty = 11pi
18、cture1.print 1/a(s2/m)for a = 0 to 200 step 20picture1.line (a, 0)-(a, 0.1)picture1.currentx = apicture1.currenty = -0.5picture1.print anext afor a = 1 to 10 step 0.5picture1.line (0, a)-(1, a)picture1.currentx = -10picture1.currenty = apicture1.print a各擋速比及主減速比next ai(0) = 4.3125i(2) = 1.92i(3) = 1
19、.28i(4) = 1旋轉(zhuǎn)質(zhì)量系數(shù)i(5) = 0.75for c = 1 to 5 step 1d(c) = 1 + (4 * 1.6 + i(c) a 2 * i(0) a 2 * 0.16) / (1750 * 0.34295 a 2) next cfor s = 1 to 5 step 1for n = 1000 to 6500 step 1t = 5 * (10 a -10) * (n a 3) - 1 * (10 a -5) * (n a 2) + 0.067 * n + 81.2行駛阻力ft = (t * i(0) * i(s) * 0.9) / 0.34295v = (0.37
20、7 * 0.34295 * n) / (i(0) * i(s)力口速度f(wàn) = 0.3 * 2.05 * (v a 2) / 21.15 + 1750 * 9.8 * 0.014 * (1 + (v a 2) / 19440)a = d(s) * 1750 / (ft - f) if ft - f = 0 thenif a = 0 then d = (ft - f) / (1750 * 9.8) picture1.pset (v d) picture1.pset (v m) else end ifnext nnext s end sub6.5 二擋起步加速速度-時(shí)間圖private sub co
21、mmand5_click()dim time as doublepicturel.clspicture1.scale (-1,90)-(6,-3)picture1.line (0, 0)-(5, 0)picture1.line (0, 0)-(0, 85)picture1.currentx = 5picture1.currenty = 4picture1.print t(s)picture1.currentx = 0.1picture1.currenty = 85picture1.print v(km/h)”for a = 0 to 5 step 0.5picture1.line (a, 0)
22、-(a, 1)picture1.currentx = apicture1.currenty = -0.5picture1.print anext afor a = 10 to 85 step 5picture1.line (0, a)-(0.05, a)picture1.currentx = -0.2picture1.currenty = apicture1.print anext ai(2) = 1.92i(0) = 4.3125d(2) = 1.0844nmin = 20 * i(0) * i(2) / 0.377 / 0.34295定義坐標(biāo)系各擋速比及主減速比nmax = 80 * i(
23、0) * i(2) / 0.377 / 0.34295for n = nmin to nmax step 1t = 5 * (10 a -10) * (n a 3) - 1 * (10 a -5) * (n a 2) + 0.067 * n + 81.2ft = (t * i(0) * i(s) * 0.9) / 0.34295v = (0.377 * 0.34295 * n) / (i(0) * i(2)f = 0.3 * 2.05 * (v a 2) / 21.15 + 1750 * 9.8 * 0.014 * (1 + (v a 2) / 19440)a = (ft - f) / (d(
24、2) * 1750)time = (v - 20) / 3.6) / apicture1.pset (time, v)next ntext8.text = format(time, 0.0)end sub6.6 二擋起步加速距離-時(shí)間圖private sub command6_click()dim s as double, time as doublepicturel.clspicture1.scale (-2, 230)-(11,-15)picture1.line (0, 0)-(10, 0)picture1.line (0, 0)-(0, 220)picture1.currentx = 1
25、0picture1.currenty = 8picture1.print t(s)picture1.currentx = 0.1picture1.currenty = 220picture1.print s(m)for a = 0 to 10 step 1picture1.line (a, 0)-(a, 2)picture1.currentx = apicture1.currenty = -1picture1.print anext afor a = 10 to 220 step 10picture1.line (0, a)-(0.1, a)picture1.currentx = -0.5pi
26、cture1.currenty = apicture1.print anext ai(2) = 1.92i(0) = 4.3125d(2) = 1.0844nmin = 20 * i(0) * i(2) / 0.377 / 0.34295起始速度的對(duì)應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)速加速對(duì)應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)速加速度加速時(shí)間nmax = 80 * i(0) * i(2) / 0.377 / 0.34295for n = nmin to nmax step 1t = 5 * (10 a -10) * (n a 3) - 1 * (10 a -5) * (n a 2) + 0.067 * n + 81.2ft = (t * i(0) * i
27、(2) * 0.9) / 0.34295v = (0.377 * 0.34295 * n) / (i(0) * i(2)f = 0.3 * 2.05 * (v a 2) / 21.15 + 1750 * 9.8 * 0.014 * (1 + (v a 2) / 19440)a = (ft - f) / (d(2) * 1750)time = (v - 20) / 3.6) / as = 20 * time + 0.5 * a * (time a 2)picture1.pset (time, s)next ntext10.text = format(s, 0.0)end sub6.7 優(yōu)化換擋的
28、計(jì)算和分析private sub command7_click()picturel.clspicturel.scale (-20, 9000)-(300,-500)定義坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)picturel.line (0, 0)-(280, 0)picture1.line (0, 0)-(0, 8500)picture1.currentx = 275picture1.currenty = 300picture1.print v(km/h)”picture1.currentx = 2picture1.currenty = 8500picture1.print f(n)for a = 0 to 280 ste
29、p 20picture1.line (a, 0)-(a, 80)picture1.currentx = apicture1.currenty = -100picture1.print anext afor a = 500 to 8500 step 500picture1.line (0, a)-(2, a)picture1.currentx = -15picture1.currenty = apicture1.print anext ai(0) = 4.3125i(1) = 3i(2) = 1.92i(3) = 1.28i(4) = 1i(5) = 0.75for s = 1 to 5 ste
30、p 1for n = 1000 to 6500 step 1t = 5 * (10 a -10) * (n a 3) - 1 * (10 a -5) * (n a 2) + 0.067 * n + 81.2ft = (t * i(0) * i(s) * 0.9) / 0.34295v = (0.377 * 0.34295 * n) / (i(0) * i(s)f = 0.3 * 2.05 * (v a 2) / 21.15 + 1750 * 9.8 * 0.014 * (1 + (v a 2) / 19440)picture1.pset (v f)picture1.pset (v ft)nex
31、t nif s = 4 thenpicture1.currentx = v + 2picture1.currenty = ft + 10picture1.print int(v)picture1.line (v, 0)-(v, ft)elseend ifnext send sub加速距離定義坐標(biāo)系6.8 等速百公里油耗計(jì)算private sub command8_click()dim ge as double, nge as double, p as doublepicturel.clspicture1.scale (-10, 200)-(350,-10)picture1.line (0, 0
32、)-(300, 0)picture1.line (0, 0)-(0, 150)i(0) = 4.3125i(1) = 3i(2) = 1.92i(3) = 1.28i(4) = 1i(5) = 0.75for s = 1 to 5 step 1比油耗曲線90km/h下的比油耗for n = 1000 to 6500 step 1t = 5 * (10 a -10) * (n a 3) - 1 * (10 a -5) * (n a 2) + 0.067 * n + 81.2 ge = -4 * (10 a -9) * (n a 3) + 4 * (10 a -5) * (n a 2) - 0.115 * n + 3
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