(完整word)閱讀理解新課標(biāo)版高三英語教案教學(xué)設(shè)計

1、 閱讀理解(新課標(biāo)版高三英語教案教學(xué)設(shè)計)（共3 課時）張遠(yuǎn)哲教學(xué)內(nèi)容：閱讀理解的解題指導(dǎo)及相關(guān)練習(xí)。三維目標(biāo)：、（1） 知識目標(biāo)：了解閱讀理解的命題特點、解題方法及技巧。（2） 能力目標(biāo)：熟練掌握閱讀理解的考核項目及解題思路、備考策略。（3） 情感目標(biāo)：揭開閱讀理解的神秘面紗，使學(xué)生樹立信心，從容應(yīng)對。教學(xué)重點：閱讀理解的解題方法及技巧。教學(xué)難點：如何從對整篇文章的把握，對特定細(xì)節(jié)以及復(fù)雜句子的理解方面提高學(xué)生的歸納、推理、判斷能力，選出最佳選項。教學(xué)方法：演繹歸納法。通過對此題型的講解和歸納，使學(xué)生能夠更容易從方法上去把握，從練習(xí)中去體會其解題的規(guī)律。教學(xué)課時：34 課時教學(xué)用具：多媒體課

2、件；黑板；教學(xué)過程：step 1 introduction2007 年廣東省高考英語閱讀理解題的考查目的:高考閱讀理解要求考生在 20 分鐘左右的時間內(nèi)，完成對三篇不同題材、體裁文章的理解。另外，今年還增加了信息匹配題。要求考生在 5 分鐘左右的時間內(nèi)，完成對一篇文章有關(guān)信息的篩選和匹配。閱讀理解考查的不僅是考生對整篇文章的把握能力，還考查了他們快速捕捉信息、準(zhǔn)確理解特定細(xì)節(jié)以及復(fù)雜句子的能力；考生不僅要理解文章的表層意思，更重要的是要通過文章的表層去合理推斷、挖掘文章的隱含意義、延伸意義。這是對考生能力、智力、心理的一個綜合檢驗。閱讀理解的好壞在很大程度上決定著英語考試成績。1 2007 年

3、廣東省高考英語閱讀理解題的命題形式高考閱讀理解試題的類型主要分為四種：細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、猜測詞義題和主旨大意題。它們常見的提問形式如下：（1） 細(xì)節(jié)理解題常見的提問形式which of the following (statements) is true/not true?according to the passage, who(what, where ,when, why, how, etc,)?the following are mentioned except_?why does the author say?where in the passage does the autho

4、r describe?(2) 推理判斷題常見的提問形式the writer implies that_it can be inferred from the passage that_it suggests that_it can be included from the passage that_we can draw a conclusion that_we can learn from the passage that_(3)猜測詞義題常見的提問形式the underlined word “hit”( in paragraph 1) probably means_what does th

5、e underlined part“reimburse you” probably mean?by saying “it is all worth it” in the last paragraph ,the author means that _(4)主旨大意題常見的提問形式what is the main idea of the passage?the best title for the passage might be_the main purpose of the passage is to _2 the passage mainly tells us /is mainly abou

6、t_step 2 main content*閱讀理解解題技巧我們結(jié)合英語周報高三廣州專版第 30,31 期的專題復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容研以及配套的例題分析(見英語周報),針對高考閱讀理解的四種主要題型,給學(xué)生做解題策略指導(dǎo)和技巧總結(jié).1.如何快速、準(zhǔn)確地捕捉信息詞句，做好細(xì)節(jié)理解題策略指導(dǎo)：先瀏覽一遍題目，把題目的要求儲存在大腦中，帶著疑問去快速閱讀，然后找出與題目相關(guān)的信息詞句加以理解分析，去偽存真。此種辦法能有效地避免做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時的失誤?！炯记煽偨Y(jié)】準(zhǔn)確捕捉信息，注意對信息進(jìn)行綜合分析，分清主次、真?zhèn)?，避免受信息的干擾，陷入高考題所設(shè)下的陷阱，誤選干擾項，因為某些干擾選項在文章中也能找到依據(jù)，具有很強

7、的迷惑性。2. 如何進(jìn)行推理判斷，做好推理判斷題策略指導(dǎo)：深層含義通常是隱藏在文字背后的延伸之意，弦外之音，如作者的意圖、傾向、語氣，人物的性格、心理、情感，故事的結(jié)局，事情的因果關(guān)系等。因此大家需調(diào)動自己的邏輯思維能力，透過字里行間，去嚴(yán)密推理，合理想象?！炯记煽偨Y(jié)】隱含信息并非空穴來風(fēng)， 而是有源之水，即隱含信息也是以文章的語言為載體。大家應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確捕捉信息，調(diào)動智力因素，嚴(yán)密推理，合理想象，忌 憑空想象 或斷章取義。在閱讀理解中結(jié)合自己的常識進(jìn)行判斷是必要的，但決不能以常識取代信息分析。推理判斷既要嚴(yán)密，又要靈活。3. 如何進(jìn)行詞義的判斷，做好語意理解題策略指導(dǎo)：首先從詞匯所處的語境進(jìn)行分析

8、，注意上下文之間的關(guān)系，如：如果出現(xiàn) that is,that is to say 或破折號等，我們可以斷定，后面的內(nèi)容是對前面內(nèi)容的解釋；如果出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折詞 but, however, yet 以及表示相反結(jié)果的 on the contrary, on the other hand等，我們可以從所給內(nèi)容相反的意義去考慮?！炯记煽偨Y(jié)】高考語意判斷題很多都是考查舊詞新義的理解。因此大家需把詞匯或短句的字面意義與語境和上下文結(jié)合起來，選擇最切合文章內(nèi)容，最符合上下文邏輯的意義，切忌望文生義。4. 如何抓住文章的中心和主線，做好主旨大意題策略指導(dǎo)： 讀完一篇短文后應(yīng)有意識地回味一下文章的大致內(nèi)容，理一理

9、文章的脈絡(luò)，體會一下段與段之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，這樣做文章的中心一般都能概括出來, 涉及文章主旨大意方面的題目自然會在頭腦中由模糊變清晰?！炯记煽偨Y(jié)】我們在歸納文章主題時，一定要注意選項的內(nèi)涵和外延必須能恰如其分地概括文章的主題，既不能范圍過大，也不能把某一細(xì)節(jié)或側(cè)面誤當(dāng)作主題。閱讀時我們還應(yīng)注意捕捉文章出現(xiàn)頻率較高的中心詞匯以及文章和段落的主題句。在選擇文章題目時，還應(yīng)注意語言方面的特點：文章題目往往具有凝練、醒目的特點。3 5. 猜測詞義題猜測詞義是從特定的角度考查考生的閱讀理解能力和處理生詞的能力。猜測詞義包括對詞、詞組和句意的理解，是高考英語試題閱讀理解中的一類必考題。猜測詞義題常見的解題方

10、法：（一）上下文線索猜測詞義任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有關(guān)。利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析而推測詞義，是閱讀過程中的一大關(guān)鍵，也是高考的熱點。如：if he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. i dont like to be with him.a. drunk b. sweating c. happy d. mistaken分析：根據(jù) i dont like to be with him 我們感受到說話人的語氣。我不愿意跟他在一起，那么，他要邀請我出去是不可能的 他就大錯

11、特錯了。因此答案 d。（二）根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測詞義閱讀文章中的有些生詞尤其是新聞報導(dǎo)及科普類文章中的生詞，往往在其后有對該詞進(jìn)行解釋說明性的短語或句子，如 to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, tomean ,in other words 等，有時也以同位語、定語從句的形式出現(xiàn)，或用破折號、括號來表示。如：some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies(軍用物資),whileothers carried only passengers.分析：

12、 such as 后所列舉物品均為“貨物”，由此推斷 cargo 的意思相同，和后面的passengers 形成對比。（三）. 根據(jù)反義詞或反義關(guān)系有的文章作者為了增強表達(dá)效果，會用一對反義詞揭示事物的不同點，形成鮮明的對比，這時只要把握其中的一詞，就不難推出另一詞的含義，這種句子多見unlike, although, but,yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, insteadof, rather than等信息詞。如：one idea about business is tha

13、t it can be treated asa game of perfect information. quite the reverse, business polite, life itself isgames which we must normally play with very imperfect information.a. quite right. b. time enough. c. most unlike. d. just the opposite.分析：由前句中 perfect information 到后面 imperfect information 這一組對比關(guān)系的

14、詞，我們可以推斷應(yīng)為“對比、相反”的意思。(四). 根據(jù)同義詞或近義詞關(guān)系常見的引出同義詞的標(biāo)志性詞語有 or, like, similarly 等。如：millions of animals die each year on us roads, the highway administration reports.in fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the us today. themain reason? roadkill.分析：從后面的同位語 an endangered wild cat 可知“o

15、celot”是一種野生貓（五）利用例證性線索某些冷僻的詞匯后面會舉一個例子，使詞匯具體易懂。等連接性詞語往往用來舉例說明前面較難理解的名詞。如：you can take any of the periodicals: the world of english, foreign languageteaching in school, or english learning.分析：通過后面的例子：英語世界、中小學(xué)外語教學(xué)、英語學(xué)習(xí)，可知 periodicals為“期刊雜志”4 （六）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義閱讀中常會遇到一些由所熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞，可利用構(gòu)詞法知識來推測其意思。如：exhibit

16、ion officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would needat least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析：antipoison 是由 poison 加前綴 anti-構(gòu)成的，anti-意思是“反對、排斥、抵抗”，由此可猜出 anti-poison 是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。5. 結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長句子出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解中往往造成大家心理上的緊張，有時讀了好幾遍還不知道句子的意思，白白浪費了時間,如何對待閱讀理解中的長句子?策略指導(dǎo)：閱讀理解中的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句

17、子一般分為兩大類：第一類是由復(fù)合句或并列句構(gòu)成的長復(fù)雜句子；第二類是省略句。對于第一類句子，大家應(yīng)抓其主干成分，理解其主體意思，其他的成分都是對主體意思的修飾和補充。對于第二類句子，大家應(yīng)通過上下文找出省略成分，把句子補充完整?！炯记煽偨Y(jié)】結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子往往出現(xiàn)在說明文或議論文中，這是造成考生心理緊張的主要原因。大家應(yīng)冷靜下來，結(jié)合文章所說明或議論的中心話題，抓住主干，層層理解。6.信息匹配題主要考察學(xué)生的速讀能力，即在有限的時間內(nèi)理解、總結(jié)信息并且能快速找到相關(guān)的信息的能力。學(xué)生要學(xué)會尋讀（scan），抓關(guān)鍵信息，然后進(jìn)行匹配。step 3 homework and consolidatio

18、n exercises1. 英語周報高三廣州專版第 30,31 期的專題復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容。2. 英語周報高三廣州專版第 33-34 期的 2007 年高考英語模擬試題（一 ）（十二）一共 12 套。3. 2006 年和 2007 年全國各地的英語高考試題中的閱讀理解。補充材料：閱讀理解應(yīng)測試的能力閱讀理解旨在考查考生理解總體和特定信息的能力。1. 理解主旨要義的能力任何一篇文章都有一個主旨要義。有時從文章的第一個段落甚至第一個句子即可以得出文章的主旨要義。從這個段落或句子，讀者可以知道文章描述的是誰或什么即文章的主題，也會了解作者希望讀者了解主題方面的哪些內(nèi)容。有時，文章的主旨要義則需要從文章的字里行

19、間進(jìn)行推斷。這類試題主要考查考生的略讀文章、領(lǐng)會大意的能力，有時候它對考生的歸納、概括能力有一定的要求。2. 理解文中具體細(xì)節(jié)信息的能力一篇文章的主題和中心確定之后，還需要有大量的細(xì)節(jié)信息支持。這些細(xì)節(jié)對于理解全文的內(nèi)容至關(guān)重要，同時也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎(chǔ)，因而不容忽視。3. 根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的詞義的能力正確理解文章中單詞或短語的含義是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基礎(chǔ)。不懂得單詞的含義根本就談不上理解文章。但是，有時候英語單詞的含義并非等同于詞典上標(biāo)注的漢語意思，其含義隨不同的語境會有所不同。根據(jù)上下文正確理解靈活多變的詞義，5 才算是真正初步具備了一定的閱讀理解能力。4. 做

20、出簡單判斷和推理的能力在實際閱讀活動中，有時候需要根據(jù)文章提供的線索和事實，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推測作者未提到的事實或某事情發(fā)生的可能性。5. 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)的能力英語文章講究主題段和主題句。主題段通常在文章的開頭，主題句可能在某一段的開頭、中間或結(jié)尾，作用是交代該段的中心思想，再由全段展開或討論這個意思。段與段之間通常有詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫。如果希望準(zhǔn)確、深刻地理解一篇文章，必須對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握住全文的文脈，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。對這種能力的考查一般反映在文章的中心思想、文中某段的大意或指代關(guān)系的題目中。6. 理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度的能力每篇文章都有一個特定的寫

21、作目的，或是向讀者傳遞某個信息，或是愉悅讀者，或是講授某個道理。而這些信息通常不是明確表達(dá)出來，而是隱含在文章之中。因此，這類問題要求考生在理解文章總體的基礎(chǔ)之上，去領(lǐng)會作者的眼外之意。下面結(jié)合 2007 年廣東高考閱讀理解試題，具體分析對這些能力的考查：ahow should one invest a sum of money in these days of inflation 通( 貨膨脹)? leftin a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate. only a braveman, or a

22、 very rich one, dares to buy and sell on the stock market. today it seemsthat one of the best ways to protect your saving and even increase your wealth isto buy beautiful objects from the past. here i am going to offer some advice oncollecting antique clocks, which i personally consider are among th

23、e mostinteresting of antiques.i sometimes wonder what a being from another planet might report back about our wayof life. the planet earth is ruled by a mysterious creature that sits or standsin a room and makes a strange ticking sound, it has a face with twelve black marksand two hands. men can do

24、nothing without its permission, and it fastens its younground peoples wrists so that everywhere men go they are still under its control.this creature is the real master of earth and men are its slaves. whether or notwe are slaves of time today depends on our culture and personality, but it is believ

25、edthat many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time. certain men werevery clever at measuring the time of day according to the beating of their own hearts.they were made to standin a fixed place and every hour or so would shout the time.so it seems that the first clocks were human being

26、s.however, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time.they learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. they marked the hours on candles,used sand in hourglasses, and invented water-clocks. indeed, any serious studentof antique should spend as much time as possible visiti

27、ng palaces, stately homesand museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.6 antique clocks could be very expensive, but one of the joys of collecting clocksis that it is still possible to find quite cheap ones for your own home. after all,if you are going to be ruled by time, w

28、hy not invest in an antique clock and perhapsmake a future profit?41. according to the passage, collecting antique clocks_.a. can hardly keep the value of your savingsb. will cost much of your savingsc. may increase your wealthd. needs your bravery42. by quoting (引用) the remark of a being from anoth

29、er planet, the author intendsto_.a. suggest human beings are controlled by a clockb. describe why clocks can rule the planet earthc. tell readers what clocks look liked. compare clocks to human beings43. which of the following is not mentioned as a way to measure the time?a. counting the beating of

30、ones own heart.b. making use of candles, sand and water.c. observing shadows cast by the sun.d. keeping slaves busy day and night.44. the underlined phrase stately homesin paragraph 4 means_.a. state-owned housesb. houses in very good conditionc. grand houses open to the publicd. houses where states

31、men meet regularly45. the purpose of the passage is_.a. to introduce the culture of antique clocksb. to offer some advice on collecting antique clocksc. to compare different ways to make a future profitd. to explain convenient and reliable ways of telling time導(dǎo)讀 這是一篇敘議結(jié)合的散文。人們在通貨膨脹的今天應(yīng)該怎樣投資一筆錢呢？存在銀行

32、里，這筆錢幾乎不能夠保值，無論存款利息多么高。只有勇敢的人或是富有者才敢于在股票市場買賣。今天保護(hù)你的儲蓄甚至增加你的財富最好方法之一似乎是購買過去遺傳下來的漂亮的物品。因此，作者順理成章地提出一些關(guān)于收藏古董鬧鐘的忠告，奉勸人們投資收藏古董鬧鐘以便將來盈利。key: 41. c 42. a 43. d 44. c 45. b41. c。細(xì)節(jié)事實理解題。收集鬧鐘可以增加你的財富。根據(jù)第1 段的句子：today it seemsthat one of the best ways to protect your saving and even increase your wealth isto b

33、uy beautiful objects from the past. here i am going to offer some advice oncollecting antique clocks, which i personally consider are among the mostinteresting of antiques. 今天保護(hù)你的儲蓄甚至增加你的財富最好方法之一似乎是購買過去的漂亮的物品。這里我打算提供一些關(guān)于收集古董鬧鐘的忠告，我個人認(rèn)為它們是最令7 人感興趣的古董之一。再看最后一段最后一句：after all, if you are going to be rul

34、edby time, why not invest in an antique clock and perhaps make a future profit?別忘了，如果你打算受時間制約，請投資收藏古董鬧鐘以便將來盈利吧？42. a。深層含義理解題。作者引用外星人的話，目的是為了說明人類被鬧鐘所控制。根據(jù)第 2 段的引文意思：有時候我想知道一個外星人關(guān)于我們的生活方式可能會反饋回去的報告內(nèi)容是什么?！暗厍蜻@個行星被神秘的動物控制，這種動物坐在或站在一個房間里并發(fā)出一種奇怪的滴答聲，它有一張臉，臉上有 12 個黑色的標(biāo)記，還有兩只手。如果沒有它的命令人們什么事情也不做，并且它把它那年輕的圓圓的人

35、們的手腕系得緊緊地，這樣，無論人們走到那里，都處于它的控制之下。這個動物是地球的真正的主人，人是它的” 奴隸。43. d。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。a 項與第 2 段的下列句子吻合：certain men were very clever atmeasuring the time of day according to the beating of their own hearts.; b 項與第 3 段的下列句子吻合：they marked the hours on candles, used sand in hourglasses, and inventedwater-clocks；c 項與第 3 段的

36、下列句子吻合：they learned to use the shadows cast bythe sun.；d 項的含義是：“讓奴隸日夜忙碌”，這與第2 段的下列句子不一致：. but itis believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time.但是人們相信許多年之前國王們畜養(yǎng)了專用的奴隸來辨別時間。44. c。詞義猜測題。state-owned houses 國有的房子；houses in very good condition狀況良好的房子；grand houses open to the pu

37、blic 對公眾開放的宏偉的房子；houses wherestatesmen meet regularly 政治家們經(jīng)常集會的房子。根據(jù)第 4 段的信息詞 student,visiting palaces 和 museums 判斷，認(rèn)真研究古董的學(xué)生應(yīng)該盡可能多花時間參觀宮殿、宏偉的房子和博物館，可以看見一些過去遺傳下來的最精致的鬧鐘的珍品。45. b。寫作意圖題。作者的寫作目的是為了提出一些關(guān)于收藏古董鬧鐘的忠告。見第 1 段句子：here i am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which ipersona

38、lly consider are among the most interesting of antiques.這里我打算提供一些關(guān)于收藏古董鬧鐘的忠告，我個人認(rèn)為它們是最令人感興趣的古董之一。bdo you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, andself-respect? the collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as honorhelp you create this life of good feelings.

39、heres an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. if we keep silent, and profit fromthe clerks mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. laterwe might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. on the other

40、 hand, ifwe tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thankus for our honesty. we would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we8 might never share with another soul.then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?in the first case, where we dont tell the

41、 clerk, a couple of things would happen.deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. in the process, we wouldlose some peace of mindand self-respect. we would also demonstrate that we cannotbe trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. wedamage our ow

42、n reputations by telling others. in contrast, bringing the error tothe clerks attention causes different things to happen. immediately the clerk knowsus to be honorable. upon leaving thestore, we feel honorable and ourself-respectis increased. whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep inter

43、nal rewardsof goodness and a sense of nobility.there is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorableactions.honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. honorable actions lead us to a happierexistence. and its easy to think and act honorably again when were happy. whilet

44、he positive cycle can be difficult to start, once its started, its easy to continue.keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for ourhappiness.46. according to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to our .a. self-respectb. financial rewardsc. adve

45、rtising abilityd. friendly relationship47. the author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to .a. lyingb. stealingc. cheatingd. advertising48. the phrase bringing the error to the clerks attention (in para. 5) means .a. telling the truth to the clerkb. offering advice to the

46、clerkc. asking the clerk to be more attentived. reminding the clerk of the charged item49. how will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?a. well be very excited.b. well feel unfortunate.c. well have a sense of honor.d. well feel sorry for the clerk.50. which of the following can be the best

47、title of this passage?a. how to live truthfullyb. importance of peacefulnessc. ways of gaining self-respectd. happiness through honorable actions9 導(dǎo)讀 這是一篇說理、規(guī)勸性的議論文。本文的中心是：作者提倡通過高尚的行為獲得幸福，規(guī)勸人們多行善事獲得幸福，以形成一種美麗的積極的循環(huán)。高尚的思想行為可以使你的生活具有一種和平感、幸福感、善良感和自尊感。過高尚行為的生活可以創(chuàng)造美麗的積極的循環(huán)。高尚的思想導(dǎo)致高尚的行為。高尚的行為致使我們幸福的生存。當(dāng)我

48、們幸福的時候，我們?nèi)菀桩a(chǎn)生高尚的思想和行為。雖然積極的循環(huán)難以開啟，但是，一旦開啟，就容易繼續(xù)下去。堅持不斷地做善事會給我們到來平靜的心理，這樣做對我們的幸福很重要。key: 46-50 abacd46. a。細(xì)節(jié)事實理解題。第 5 段第 6-8 句：in contrast, bringing the error to the clerksattention causes different things to happen. immediately the clerk knows us to behonorable. upon leaving the store, we feel honor

49、able and our self-respect isincreased.比較而言，把這個錯誤引起這個職員的注意導(dǎo)致幾件事情發(fā)生。職員立刻知道我們是高尚的（honorable）。我們一離開商店，就感覺到是高尚的，并且我們的自尊在增加。47. b。細(xì)節(jié)事實理解題。第 5 段第 1-2 句：in the first case, where we dont tell theclerk, a couple of things would happen. deep down inside we would know ourselvesas a type ofthief. 在第一個案例中，我們不告訴那個

50、職員，有幾件事情會發(fā)生。在內(nèi)心深處我們會知道我們自己就是小偷。48. a。句子意思猜測題。第 5 段分兩層意思。第 1-5 句是第一層意思：在第一個案例中，我們不告訴那個職員，有幾件事情會發(fā)生。在內(nèi)心深處我們會知道我們自己就是小偷。在這個過程中，我們的心理會失去平靜，也失去自尊。我們也會證明我們不可以信賴，因為我們通過告訴家里的人和朋友的方式來忠告我們的恥辱。第 5 段第 6-8 句是第二層意思：比較而言，把這個錯誤引起這個職員的注意導(dǎo)致幾件事情發(fā)生。職員立刻知道我們是高尚的（honorable）。我們一離開商店，就感覺到是高尚的，并且我們的自尊在增加。通過對比這兩層意思，可以判斷 bring

51、ing the error to the clerks attention意思是“實話告訴這個職員”。49. c。細(xì)節(jié)事實理解題。第 5 段第 7-8 句：immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable.upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. 職員立刻知道我們是高尚的（honorable）。我們一離開商店，就感覺到是高尚的，并且我們的自員”。50. d。歸納標(biāo)題。結(jié)合第 1 段和最后一段，并綜合全文，我們可以得知：通過高尚的行為獲得幸福

52、。過高尚行為的生活可以創(chuàng)造美麗的積極的循環(huán)。高尚的思想導(dǎo)致高尚的行為。高尚的行為致使我們幸福的生存。當(dāng)我們幸福的時候，我們?nèi)菀桩a(chǎn)生高尚的思想和行為。雖然積極的循環(huán)難以開啟，但是，一旦開啟，就容易繼續(xù)下去。堅持不斷地做善事會給我們到來平靜的心理，這樣做對我們的幸福很重要。cmalaria, the worlds most widespread parasitic (寄生蟲引起的)disease, kills as manyas three million people every year - almost all of whom are under five, very poor,and af

53、rican. in most years, more than five hundred million caseosf illness result10 from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many peopledont (or cant) seek care. it is not unusual for a family earning less than twohundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on m

54、alaria treatment, andwhat they often get no longer works. in countries like tanzania, mozambique, andthe gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected forlong.malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intensefever and, often, headaches. as

55、 the parasites multiply, they take over the entirebody. malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect (感染) .theycan also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. if it doesnt kill you,malaria can happen again and again for years. the disease is passed on to humansby female

56、 mosquitoes infected with one of four species of a parasite. together, themosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earthand one of the most successful. malaria has five thousand genes, and its abilityto change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossibleto control. studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently,and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. some of the diseasesspread i