建筑結(jié)構(gòu)英語常用詞匯

1、.總體設(shè)計(jì)generaldesign設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)designbasis建筑紅線buildingline建筑系數(shù)coefficientofbuildingoccupation界區(qū)batterylimited有效面積effectivearea使用面積usablearea結(jié)構(gòu)面積structuralarea建筑面積buildingarea建筑面積密度densityofbuildingarea豎向布置verticalplanning高程altitude等高線contourline相對(duì)標(biāo)高relativeelevation絕對(duì)標(biāo)高absolutealtitude地震基本烈度basicearthquakein

2、tensity抗震設(shè)防烈度fortificationintensity風(fēng)玫瑰windrose建筑朝向buildingorientation建筑間距buildingdistance公頃hectare指北針northarrow測(cè)北geophicalnorth建北plantnorth氣象meteorology日照sunshine天然采光naturallighting人工照明artificantlight;artificialillumination照度degreeofillumination通風(fēng)ventilation正壓通風(fēng)positiveventilating噪聲noise隔聲soundinsul

3、ation吸聲soundabsorption保溫隔熱heatinsulation露點(diǎn)dewpoint冷橋cold-bridge遮陽sunshade恒溫恒濕constanttemperature&constanthumidity消聲noiseelimination;noisereduction防振antivibration4.2建筑一般詞匯conventionaltermsofarchitecture方案scheme;draft草圖sketch透視圖.2perspectivedrawing建筑構(gòu)圖architecturalcomposition坐標(biāo)coordinate縱坐標(biāo)ordinate橫坐標(biāo)

4、abscissa跨度span開關(guān)baystair梯段stairslab樓梯平臺(tái)stairlanding安全出口safetyexit疏散樓梯escapestaircase樓梯間stairwell封閉樓梯間enclosurestaircasefire-resistivegrade生產(chǎn)類別classificationofproduction耐火極限durationoffire-resistance防火間距file-breakdistance泄壓面積areaofpressurerelease悶頂mezanine;mezzanine磚標(biāo)號(hào)gradeofbrick;strengthofenclosurew

5、all女兒墻parapetwall隔墻partition（浴室、廁所）隔斷stall窗間墻pier墻垛pillar過梁lintel進(jìn)深防煙樓梯間brick圈梁depth層高floorheight凈高clearheight;headroom橫數(shù)module;modulus裙房skirtbuilding樓梯smokepreventionstairwell消防電梯間emergencyelevatorswell自動(dòng)扶梯escalator中庭atrium疏散走道escapecorridor;escapeway耐火等級(jí)承重墻bearingwall非承重墻non-bearingwall擋土墻retainin

6、gwall填充墻fillerwall圍護(hù)墻curtainwall;claddingwall;gird;girt;girth防潮層damp-proofcourse勒腳plinth橫梁transversebeam縱橫longitudinalwall山墻3gable;gablewall電化學(xué)腐蝕鋼筋混凝土porcelainenamelbrick防火墻firewall壓頂coping勾縫pointing磚砌平拱brickflatarch預(yù)埋件embeddedinserts直抓梯ladder欄桿railing防腐蝕corrosionresistant;anticorrosion化學(xué)溶蝕chemicale

7、rosion膨脹腐蝕expansioncorrosion化學(xué)腐蝕electro-chemicalcorrosion晶間腐蝕intergranularcorrosion氣相腐蝕gaseouscorrosion液相腐蝕liquidoidcorrosion固相腐蝕solidcorrosion腐蝕裕度allowanceforcorrosion銹蝕rusting4.3建筑材料buildingmaterials級(jí)配砂石gradedsand&gravel素土夯實(shí)rammedearth灰土lime-soil素混凝土reinforcedconcrete(r.c)細(xì)石混凝土fineaggregateconcret

8、e輕質(zhì)混凝土lightweightconcrete加氣混凝土aerocrete;aerocreteconcrete陶粒混凝土ceramsiteconcrete水泥膨脹珍珠巖cement&expendedpearlite巖棉mineralwool;minewool瀝青asphalt卷材felt瑪蹄脂asphaltmastic粘土磚claybrick空心磚hollowbrick砌塊block缸磚guarrybrick錦磚mosac地面磚pavingbrick防滑地磚non-slipbrick耐酸磚（板）acidbrick(acidtile)膠泥mastic粘土瓦cloytile玻璃瓦enamell

9、edtile波形鍍鋅鋼板galvanizedcorrugatesteelchemicalcorrosionplainconcrete釉面磚sheet4玻璃鋼瓦glass-fiberreinforcedplastictile彩色壓型鋼（鉛）板colouredcorrugatesteel(aluminium)plat;profiuingcolouredstccl(aluminium)plat石棉水泥瓦ashestos-cementsheet水磨石terrajjo水刷石graniteplaster花崗石granite磨光花崗石polishedgranite剁斧石artificialstone大理石m

10、arble水泥砂漿抹面cementplaster石灰砂漿抹面limeplaster水泥石灰砂漿抹面cement-limeplaster刀灰打底hemp-cutandlimeasbase原木log方木squaretimber板材plank膠合板plywood三夾板3plywood五夾板5plywood平板玻璃flatglass浮法玻璃float-processglass磨砂玻璃groundglass;frostedglass起玻璃prismglass夾絲玻璃wireglass夾層玻璃sandwichglass中空玻璃hollowglass鋼化玻璃reinforcedglass鍍膜玻璃coatin

11、gglass有機(jī)玻璃organicglass4.4建筑構(gòu)造及配件buildingconstructioncomponent鋪砌paving地坪grade基層bedding素土夯實(shí)rammedearth墊層base結(jié)合層bondingcourse面層covering隔離層insulationcourse活動(dòng)地板raisingfloor;movablefloor;accessfloor篦子板grating&地面提示塊groundprompt遮陽板sunshade窗套windowmoulding護(hù)角curbguard5防水層water-proofcourse找平層levelingcourse隔熱層h

12、eatinsulationcourse保溫層thermalinsulationcourse檁條purlin天窗skylight天棚ceiling吊頂suspendingceiling吊頂龍骨ceilingjoist雨水口draingulley水斗leadhead雨水管leader;downspout天溝valley挑檐overhangingeave檐口eave泛水flashing分水線watershed檐溝eavegutter匯水面積catchmentarea雨罩canopy散水a(chǎn)pron坡道ramp臺(tái)階entrancesteps保溫門thermalinsulationdoor隔聲門（窗）so

13、undinsulationdoor(window);acousticaldoor(window)防火門（窗）firedoor(window)冷藏門freezerdoor安全門exitdoor防護(hù)門（窗）protectiondoor(window)屏蔽門（窗）shielddoor(window)防風(fēng)砂門radiationresistingdoor(window)密閉門（窗）weathertightdoor泄壓門（窗）pressurereleasedoor(window)壁柜門closetdoor變壓器間門transformerroomdoor圍墻門gate車庫(kù)門garagedoor保險(xiǎn)門safe

14、door引風(fēng)門ventilationdoor檢修門accessdoor平開門（窗）side-hungdoor推拉門（窗）slidingdoor彈簧門swingdoor折迭門foldingdoor卷簾門rollingdoor轉(zhuǎn)門revolvingdoor6夾板門plywooddoor拼板門換氣窗ventsast上懸窗落地窗frenchwindow玻璃幕墻sillplate防護(hù)鐵柵barricade;irongrille;flbdoor(framed,ledgedandbatteneddoor);matchboarddoor實(shí)拼門soliddoor鑲板門paneldoor鑲玻璃門glazeddoo

15、r玻璃門glassdoor鋼木門steel&woodendoor百頁門shutterdoor連窗門doorwithsidewindow傳遞窗deliverywindow觀察窗observationwindowtop-hungwindow中懸窗center-pivotedwindow下懸窗bottom-hungwindow立轉(zhuǎn)窗verticallypivotedwindow固定窗fixedwindow單層窗singlewindow雙層窗doublewindow百頁窗shutter帶形窗continuouswindow子母扇窗attachedsashwindow組合窗compositewindow

16、glazedcurtainwall門（窗）框door(window)frame拼樘料transom（橫），mullion（豎）門（窗）扇door(window)leaf(平開窗扇casementsash)紗扇screensash亮子transom,fanlight門心板pancl披水板weatherboard貼臉板trim筒子板lining窗臺(tái)板grating合頁butts;hinges;butthinges執(zhí)手knob撐檔catch滑道slidingtrack插銷bolt拉手pull推板pushplate門鎖morticelock;doorlock執(zhí)手鎖morticelockwithknob

17、4.5建筑結(jié)構(gòu)buildingstructure74.5.1荷載load活荷載liveload靜荷載，恒載deadload靜力荷載staticload移動(dòng)荷載movingload動(dòng)力荷載dynamicload沖擊荷載impactload附加荷載superimposedload規(guī)定荷載（又稱標(biāo)準(zhǔn)荷載）specifiedload集中荷載concentratedload分布荷載distributedload設(shè)計(jì)荷載designload軸向荷載axialload偏心荷載eccentricload風(fēng)荷載windload風(fēng)力、風(fēng)壓windforce、windpressure雪荷載snowload屋面積灰荷

18、載roofashload（吊車）最大輪壓maximumwheelload吊車荷載craneload安裝荷載erectionload施工荷載constructionload不對(duì)稱荷載unsymmetricalloading重復(fù)荷載repeatedload剛性荷載rigidload柔性荷載flexibleload臨界荷載criticalload容許荷載admissibleload,allowableloadsafeload極限荷載ultimateload條形荷載stripload破壞荷載failureload,loadatfailure地震荷載seismicload;earthquakeload荷

19、載組合combinationofload4.5.2地基和基礎(chǔ)soilandfoundation地基(bed)soil天然地基naturalground人工地基artificialground混凝土基礎(chǔ)concretefoundation;concretefooting毛石基礎(chǔ)rubblemasonryfooting;(rubble)stonefooting磚基礎(chǔ)brickworkfooting樁基礎(chǔ)pilefoundation設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)equipmentfoundation機(jī)器基礎(chǔ)machinefoundation獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)individualfooting,isolatedfoundationp

20、adfoundation聯(lián)合基礎(chǔ)combinedfooting8大塊式基礎(chǔ)floatingfoundation基礎(chǔ)埋置深度pilegroup;pileclustermassivefoundation沉箱（井）基礎(chǔ)depthofembedment斜樁條形基礎(chǔ)stripfoundation;stripfootingstrapfooting;continuousfootingcaissonfoundation構(gòu)架式基礎(chǔ)framefoundation深基礎(chǔ)deepfoundationfoundation地下連續(xù)墻undelgroundcontinuouswall打樁piledrivingbatterp

21、ile預(yù)制樁precastpile灌注樁in-situpile;cast-in-place方形基礎(chǔ)基礎(chǔ)打樁機(jī)pilesquarefootingfootingfoundationpileengine;piledriver;ramcast-in-situpile;filling杯形基礎(chǔ)基槽mactuinepilefootingsocketfoundationditch;foundation鋼樁板樁板式基礎(chǔ)trenchsteelpilesheetpileslab-foundation;matfooting階梯形基礎(chǔ)steppedfoundation;benchedfoundation(stepped

22、footing)擴(kuò)展基礎(chǔ)spreadfooting擴(kuò)底基礎(chǔ)under-reamedfoundation浮伐基地raftfoundation;buoyantfoundation基坑foundationpit基礎(chǔ)板foundationslab基礎(chǔ)梁foundationbeamfootingbeam基礎(chǔ)底面foundationbase基礎(chǔ)底板foundationmat基礎(chǔ)墊層foundation-bed水樁woodpile;timberpile鋼筋混凝土樁reinforcedconcretepile砂樁sandpile石灰樁limepile;limecolumn;quicklimepile單樁sin

23、glepile群樁拆密樁compactionpile擠密砂樁sandcompactionpile灰土擠密樁line-soilcompactionpile鉆孔樁boredpile打入樁driuenpile摩擦樁frictionpile;buoyantpile9端承樁endbearingpile;pointbearingpile;columnpile(柱樁）支承樁bearingpile抗拔樁tensionpile;upliftpile;抗滑樁anti-sliclepile樁承臺(tái)pilecap樁帽pilecap;pilecouel樁頭pilecrown;pilehead樁端piletip樁身pile

24、shaft樁距pilespacing樁鋼筋籠pilecage試樁testpile樁荷載試驗(yàn)pileloadtest樁的動(dòng)荷載試驗(yàn)dynamicloadtestofpile樁的側(cè)向荷載試驗(yàn)lateralpileloadtest樁的極限荷載ultimatepileload樁承載能力pilecapacity;bearingcapacityofapilecarryingcapacityofapile土壓力earthpressure主動(dòng)土壓力activeearthpressure被動(dòng)土壓力passiveearthpressure靜止土壓力earthpressureatrest容許地耐力allowable

25、bearingstrength冰凍深度frozendepth;frostdepth;frostpenetrationdepthoffrostpenetration防凍深度frost-proofdepth粘土類土clayeysoil輕亞粘土sandyloam亞粘土sandyclay;loam砂質(zhì)土sandysoil砂礫石sandygravelstratum膨脹土expansivesoil硬質(zhì)土，硬盤巖，硬土層hardpan液限liquidlimit塑限plasticlimit塑料指數(shù)indexofplasticity松軟土mellowsoil;spongysoil回填土backfillrefil

26、ling雜填土miscellaneousfill地表水surfacewater;地下水groundwater地下水位groundwatereltualion;groundwaterlevel;groundwatertable容重unitweight干容重dryunitweight濕容重wetunitweight飽和容重saturatedunitweight10不均勻沉降unequalsettlement;differentialsettlement地基處理groundtreatment地基加固groundstabilization;soilimprovement土質(zhì)查勘soilexplorat

27、ion地質(zhì)勘察geologicalexploration沉陷settlement傾斜obliquity;inclination滑移sliding夯實(shí)土compactedsoil夯實(shí)填土compactedfill夯實(shí)回填土tampedbackfill夯實(shí)分層厚度compactedlift持力層bearingstratum;supporting;course管道與基礎(chǔ)相碰pipelineinterfereswithfoundation4.5.3一般結(jié)構(gòu)用語termsforgeneralstructures建筑結(jié)構(gòu)buildingstructure建筑物building結(jié)構(gòu)形式structuralt

28、ype混凝土（砼）結(jié)構(gòu)concretestructure砌體結(jié)構(gòu)masonrystructure磚砌結(jié)構(gòu)brickstructure石砌結(jié)構(gòu)stonestructure磚砼結(jié)構(gòu)brickandconcretestructure鋼結(jié)構(gòu)steelstructure結(jié)構(gòu)型鋼shapesteel木結(jié)構(gòu)timberstructure組合結(jié)構(gòu)compositestructure框架結(jié)構(gòu)framestructure梁板結(jié)構(gòu)beamandslabstructure構(gòu)件member承重構(gòu)件load-bearingmember結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件structuremember肋形屋蓋ribbedroof肋形樓板ribbedf

29、loorslab無梁樓板flatplate;flatslab桁架；屋架truss;rooftruss三角形屋（桁）架triangulartruss梯形屋（桁）架trapezoidaltruss拱形屋架archrooftruss折線形屋架segmentalrooftruss弓形桁架bowstringtruss框架frame排架bentframe剛架rigidframe門架portalframe抗風(fēng)構(gòu)架windframe11抗震構(gòu)架aseismicframe梁beam;girder大梁girder主梁principalbeam;primarybeam次梁secondarybeam加腋梁haunch

30、edbeam筒支梁simplybeam固端梁fixedbeam懸臂梁cantileverbeam連續(xù)梁continuousbeam托梁spandrel圈梁girth過梁lintel曲梁curvedbeambowbeam基礎(chǔ)梁foundationbeam吊車梁cranegirdert形梁t-beam柱column組合柱combinationcolumn立柱post吊車柱cranecolumn抗風(fēng)柱endpanelcolumn墻wall板slabplate承重墻bearingwalls柱網(wǎng)columngrid支撐系統(tǒng)bracesystem柱間支撐portalbracingcolumns屋石支撐ro

31、ofbracing垂直支撐verticalbracing水平支撐horizontalbracing剪刀撐crossbracing臨時(shí)頂撐,支撐shoring桁架式支撐trussedbracing斜撐kneel-bracebetween上弦topchord下弦bottomchord節(jié)間panel節(jié)點(diǎn)panelpoint壓桿compressionmember;strut拉桿tensionmember;tie-beam腹桿webmember斜桿diagonalmember斜腹桿diagonalwebmember吊桿hangedrod;sagrod系桿，拉桿tiebar;sagrod天窗架skylig

32、htframe12天窗monitor;skylight托座、牛腿bracket檀條purlin連接connection接點(diǎn)joint鉸接點(diǎn)hingedpoint固接點(diǎn)fixedjoint安裝接點(diǎn)erectionjoint拼接接點(diǎn)splicejoint節(jié)點(diǎn)板、連接板gussetplate;connectingbearingplate填隙板fillerplate梁柱接頭beam-columnconnections截面crosssection拱arch殼shell伸縮縫expansionjoint沉降縫settlementjoint施工縫constructionjoint防震縫aseismicjoi

33、nt4.5.4結(jié)構(gòu)理論用語結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)structuredesign按極限強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)ultimatestrengthdesign按許可應(yīng)力設(shè)計(jì)workingstressdesign按承載能力設(shè)計(jì)loadingcapacitydesign按穩(wěn)定性設(shè)計(jì)designaccordingtostability按變形設(shè)計(jì)designaccordingtodeformation結(jié)構(gòu)分析structuralanalysis結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算structuralcalculation靜定結(jié)構(gòu)staticallydeterminate精確計(jì)算rigorouscalculation近似計(jì)算approximatecalculatio

34、n安全等級(jí)safetyclasses極限狀態(tài)limitstates摩擦系數(shù)coefficientoffriction質(zhì)量密度massdensity重力密度weight(force)densityb)結(jié)構(gòu)的作用效應(yīng)術(shù)語軸向力normalforce剪力shearforceplatetermsfortheoryofstructures彎矩加勁板stiffenerplate支撐板slructuresa)設(shè)計(jì)方法術(shù)語termsfordesignmethod超靜定結(jié)構(gòu)staticallyindeterminstestructuresbendingmoment扭矩torque13水平推力horizontal

35、thrust水平拉力horizontalpull水平（垂直）分力deformation彎曲bending;flexure扭轉(zhuǎn)torsionshearstrength抗變強(qiáng)度flcxuralstrength抗扭強(qiáng)度torsionalstrength截面高度heightofsection截面有效高度effectivedepthofsection載面寬度horizontal(vertical)抗裂強(qiáng)度breadthofsectioncomponent合力resultant正應(yīng)力normalstress剪應(yīng)力shearstress主應(yīng)力principalstress次應(yīng)力secondarystress

36、預(yù)應(yīng)力prestress位移displacement撓度deflection變形c)材料性能、結(jié)構(gòu)抗力術(shù)語termsofpropertyofmaterialandresistamleofstructure抗力resistancc抵抗力矩resistantemoment強(qiáng)度strength剛度stiffness;rigidity抗裂度crackresistance抗壓強(qiáng)度compressiuestrength抗拉強(qiáng)度tensilestrength抗剪強(qiáng)度crackingstrength屈服強(qiáng)度yieldstrength疲勞強(qiáng)度fatiguestrength彈性模量modulusofelastic

37、ity剪切模量shearmodulus變形模量modulusofdeformation穩(wěn)定性stabilith泊松比poissonratiod)幾何參數(shù)術(shù)語termaofgeometryparameter截面厚度thicknessofsection截面面積areaofsection截面面積矩firstmomentofarea截面慣性矩secondmomentofarea截面抵抗矩模量規(guī)范中用詞sectionmodulus回轉(zhuǎn)半徑radiusofgyration偏心距eccentricity長(zhǎng)度length跨度span14矢高mortarleveling澆灌砼courservse長(zhǎng)細(xì)比slend

38、ernessratio4.5.5磚石結(jié)構(gòu)masonryconstruction磚砌體brickwork砌筑laying磚標(biāo)號(hào)gradeofbrick;strengthof4.5.6鋼筋砼結(jié)構(gòu)reinforcedconcretestructure素混凝土plainconcrete鋼筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete預(yù)應(yīng)力砼prestressedconcrete砼標(biāo)號(hào)gradeofconcreteconcreting;costion;pouring;placing一次澆灌atonepouring分二次澆灌poursintwooperations二次灌漿finalgrouting鋼筋保護(hù)層reinforcementprotectivecourse4.5.7配筋reinforcement配筋率percentageofreinforcement主筋mainreinforlement分布筋distributingreinforcement腹筋webreinforcement開口箍筋b