全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)Unit7

1、Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English History of English The root of English The development of Modern English 20th Century English Supplementary ReadingAfter R

2、eadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English Winston Churchill A Brief introduction to Winston Churchill Chronology of Winston Churchill A Video Clip about Winston Churchill Supplementary Reading

3、After ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English Yes. For example, the meaning of “your house burns up” is the same as that of “your house burns down”, or “you fill in a form” is the same as “

4、you fill out a form”. 1. What is the passage about? Listen and Answer the Questions Directions: Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions. English is a great language, but it is also a crazy language. 2. Can you give one or two examples to illustrate the

5、messiness of the English language? Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English 3. Are you sure of all the idiomatic usages mentioned in the recorded passage? Some of

6、the more confusing usages are explained here: 1) ship by truck / send cargo by ship: ship can be either a verb or a noun. The first “ship” means “send”, the second one “a large boat”. 2) noses that run / feet that smells: This refers to what people usually say “have a running nose” (流鼻涕流鼻涕), “have s

7、melly feet” (臭腳臭腳). Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English 3) a slim/fat chance: a remote possibility 4) a wise guy: a person who pretends to be much wiser than

8、he/she really is; a derogatory term a wise man: a really wise person; a commendatory term 5) overlook: fail to see or notice, pay no attention to oversee: control (work, workmen) Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious mess

9、iness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English 6) hot /cold as hell: extremely hot/cold 7) burn up: catch fire and flare up burn down: be destroyed by fire 8) fill in a form/fill out a form: synonymous 9) go off: start an action, usually accompanied by a great noise go on: continue doing s

10、omething Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English 10) when stars are out: when stars appear in the sky when lights are out: when lights are turned off 11) wind up

11、a watch: tighten the spring of a watch wind up a speech: end a speech Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English The root of English English began as a west Germanic

12、 language which was brought to England by the Saxons around 400 A.D. Old English was the spoken and written language of England between 400 and 1100 A.D. Many words used today come from Old English, including man, woman, king, mother, etc. But Old English was very different from modern English and o

13、nly a few words can be easily recognized. In the 9th and 10th centuries, when Vikings invaded England, Old Norse words, e.g. sky, take and get and many place names, entered the language. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glori

14、ous messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English From the Norman Conquest (1066) until the late 12th. century English was replaced as the official language by Norman French, though English was still used by the lower classes. English from about 1300 to 1500 is known as Middle English

15、. It was influenced by French and also Latin in vocabulary and pronunciation. French brought many words connected with government, e.g. sovereign, royal, court, legal and government itself. Latin was the language of religion and learning and gave to English words such as minister, angel, master, sch

16、ool and grammar. Literature began again to be written in English during this period. One of the most famous Middle English works is Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishU

17、nit 7 The glorious messiness of English Modern English developed from the Middle English dialect of the East Midlands and was influenced by the English used in London, where a printing press was set up by William Caxton in 1476. English changed a great deal from this time until the end of the 18th c

18、entury. During the Renaissance, many words were introduced from Greek and Latin to express new ideas, especially in science, medicine and philosophy. They included physics, species, architecture, encyclopedia and hypothesis. In the 16th century several versions of the Bible helped bring written Engl

19、ish to ordinary people. The Elizabethan period is also famous for its drama, and Shakespeares plays were seen by many people. The development of Modern English Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUni

20、t 7 The glorious messiness of English The development of printing helped establish standards of spelling and grammar, but there remained a lot of variation. Samuel Johnsons A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) was the first authoritative treatment of English. It defined about 40,000 words and

21、 gave examples of their use. By the 18th century American English was established and developing independently from British English. After colonists arrived in the US new words began to be added from Native American languages, and from French and Spanish. In 1783, soon after Johnsons dictionary was

22、published, Noah Websters The Elementary Spelling Book Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English was published in the US. At first it used Johnsons spellings, but la

23、ter editions contained many of what have come to be known as American spellings, e.g. harbor and favorite. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English During the 19th

24、 and early 20th centuries many dictionaries and books about language were published. New words are still being added to English from other languages, including Chinese (feng shui) and Japanese (karaoke). Existing words gain new senses, and new expressions spread quickly through television and the In

25、ternet. English is now an international language and is used as a means of communication between people from many countries. As a result the influences on the English language are wider than ever and it is possible that World English will move away from using a British or American standard and estab

26、lish its own international identity. 20th Century English Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English As a politician, Winston Churchill is remembered as one of Brita

27、ins greatest statesmen. He was the son of the Conservative politician Lord Randolph Churchill and his American wife Jennie. As a young man he served as a soldier in India and Egypt, and as a journalist in South Africa, before entering politics. Churchill became Prime Minister and Minister of Defence

28、 in 1940. His radio speeches during World War II gave the British people a strong determination to win the war, especially at times of great crisis. Examples of Churchills phrases still often quoted today are “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat”, and “This was their finest hour

29、”. A Brief introduction to Winston Churchill Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English The Conservative Party led by Churchill lost the election of 1945, but he bec

30、ame Prime Minister again from 1951 to 1955 when he retired, aged 80. When he died in Jan 1965 he was given a state funeral. BR_A Brief introduction to Winston Churchill 2 Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of

31、 EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English Chronology of Winston Churchill November 30, 1874 October 1, 1911 April 30, 1915 November 6, 1924 Born Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill at Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, near Oxford. Appointed First Lord of the Admiralty in Liberal government. Failure o

32、f the Dardanelles Expedition, in World War I, led to his resignation as First Lord of the Admiralty. Baldwin named him Chancellor of the Exchequer. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glor

33、ious messiness of English May 10, 1940 July 1945 April 24, 1953 December 10, 1953 January 24, 1965 Appointed to head wartime coalition government. Lost general election. Knighted by Queen Elizabeth II. Awarded Nobel prize for literature in recognition of “historical works and biographies as well as

34、his brilliant speeches.” Died in London; given a state funeral; buried in the churchyard at Bladon, near Blenheim. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English Directi

35、ons: Watch this video clip and answer the following questions. A Video Clip about Winston Churchill 1. What do you learn from the clip? 2. What do you think of Winston Churchill? Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious mess

36、iness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) Julius Caesar was the best- known of al

37、l the ancient Roman leaders, and the first one to land in Britain with an army. He did this twice, in 55 and 54 BC, although Britain did not become part of the Roman Empire until nearly a hundred years later. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Re

38、ading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English eastern England, and the Danish king Canute ruled England from 1016. The Vikings were feared as violent and cruel, but they were also noted for their skill in building ships and as sailors. They had an important i

39、nfluence on English Viking Viking was a member of a people from Scandinavia who attacked parts of northern and western Europe, including Britain and Ireland, in the 8th to 11th centuries. In Britain they were also known as Norsemen. They settled on the Scottish islands and in areas of culture and th

40、e English language. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English Norman Norman refers to any of the people from Normandy in northern France who settled in England afte

41、r their leader William defeated the English king at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. The Normans took control of the country, a process known as the Norman Conquest. They used many of the Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glori

42、ous messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English existing Anglo-Saxon methods of government of the state and the church, but added important aspects of their own and made government much more effective. The language of government became first Latin, and then Norman French, and this c

43、aused many new words to be added to the existing English language. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English William Caxton (c. 14221491) William Caxton was the man

44、 who set up the first printing firm in Britain. He printed his first book in 1474. By printing books in English, Caxton had a strong influence on the spelling and development of the language. were French stories which he translated himself. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Re

45、ading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English Otto Jespersen (18601943) Otto Jespersen was a Danish philologist, grammarian, and educationist. He promoted the use of the “direct method” in language teaching with the publication

46、 of his theoretical work How to Teach a Foreign Language (1904). Other books include his seven-volume Modern English Grammar (19091949). Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messin

47、ess of English Renaissance Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English The Renaissance emerged in northern Italy in the 1300s when, not content with the abstract and

48、highly subjective thinking of the Middle Ages, scholars turned for inspiration to the ancient Greeks and Romans with their love of earthly life. Italian architects rediscovered ancient construction techniques and incorporated Greek and Roman columns, arches, and domes into their public buildings. In

49、stead of the flat, stiff figures of the Middle Ages, Renaissance artists portrayed rounded, flesh-and-blood people, people filled with emotions. To depict the world they lived in realistically, Renaissance artists developed linear perspective, which creates on a Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDet

50、ailed ReadingGlobal Reading Detailed Reading Before Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English flat surface the illusion of depth. Renaissance scholars explored their world through mathematics, science, and engineering. Probably the most famous people of

51、 the Renaissance times are Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. By the 1500s the Renaissance had spread to Spain and the countries of northern Europe, where people sought to blend the intense interest in human affairs with spiritual ideals. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal Rea

52、dingBefore Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English Part Division of the Text Further Understanding Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of

53、English Pair Discussion English the Sea of Language Questions and Answers Further Understanding Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English Part Division of the Text PartsPara(s). Main

54、 Ideas 113 2416 Massive borrowing from other languages is a major feature of the English language. Tells about the history of the English language from the Indo- European parent language to modern English. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 7 The glor

55、ious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English PartsMain Ideas 31719Tolerance, love of freedom, and respect for the rights of others these qualities in the English- speaking people explain the richness of their language. Para(s). Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingG

56、lobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English Pair Discussion Directions: Look at the picture below. Answer these questions with a partner. 1. What are differences between English and French in borrowing foreign words? English has a voca

57、bulary of about one million words while French has only about 75,000 words. English has borrowed a lot of words from other languages while French hasnt. And the French government even tries to ban words from English. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit

58、 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English 2. What can we infer from the invention of a French word “balladeer”? In borrowing foreign words, English people are open-minded while French people are conservative. We know the reason why English has become the first trul

59、y global language. 3. How did the word “Walkman” come into being? The Japanese put two simple English words together to name their product. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious messiness of English

60、English the Sea of Language eye angel sky royal kingly capsule water thermometer habitual mahjong Old English VikingsFrench Chinese Latin Christianity Greek Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore Reading Unit 7 The glorious messiness of EnglishUnit 7 The glorious mess