定語(yǔ)從句用法

1、定語(yǔ)從句用法一、定語(yǔ)從句的有關(guān)概念 兩種類(lèi)別 限制性和非限制性根據(jù)從句與主句的關(guān)系是否緊密來(lái)區(qū)分，定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句 和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 兩大類(lèi)。兩個(gè)重要概念 先行詞和關(guān)系詞。先行詞 指的就是被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞。由于定語(yǔ)從句修飾名 詞或代詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句通常是后置的，所以人們就將放在定語(yǔ)從句 前被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。關(guān)系詞 就是用于引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。 關(guān)系代詞：與先行詞之間為替代關(guān)系that, which, who, whom,whose，as 關(guān)系副詞：與先行詞之間為包容關(guān)系when, where，why, howI know the man who lives

2、next door. 我認(rèn)識(shí)住在隔壁的那個(gè)人。 I know the man. He lives next door. 我認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)人，它就住在隔壁。 She will never forget the day when she got married. She will never forget the day. On that day she got married. He showed me the article that he had written. She was not in the train which arrived just now. Sunday is the day

3、when very few people go to work. That s the hotel where we were staying last summer.Give me one reason why we should help you.二、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的主要關(guān)系代詞1. that 的用法that 是所有關(guān)系代詞中最常用的， 它既可指人也可指物， 既可用 作主語(yǔ)也可用作賓語(yǔ)。先行詞為人物混合時(shí)，只能用 that 不能用 who, whom 或 which.如：This is the photo (that) I took.They live in a house that was

4、 built 200 years ago.The man that I saw told me to come here.Here are the cars and drivers that you have been looking for.2. who / whom 的用法關(guān)系代詞 who 和 whom 均只能指人，不能指物；從理論上說(shuō)， who 是主格，在定語(yǔ)從句中用作主語(yǔ)； whom 是賓格，在定語(yǔ)從句 中用作賓語(yǔ)。但在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，除非是直接用作介詞后作賓語(yǔ)，否 則凡是用賓格 whom 的地方都可以用 who 代替I met someone who said he knew you.S

5、he is the girl (who, whom) you saw in school.The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.3. which 的用法只能指物，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。省略情況與 who 和 whom 一樣s clothing?Is this the shop which sells childrenThe factory (which) Mr. Li used to work in was closed last week.4. whose 的用法關(guān)系代詞 whose 用于指人： the +名詞 +of whom 也可以用于指事物 :the

6、+名詞 +of which如：He is the man whose car was stolen.He is the man the car of whom was stolen.It was an island whose name I have forgotten.It was an island the name of which I have forgotten.5. as 的用法 指人指物都可以，用于 the same as soas such asThis is the same book as I bought yesterday.This is the same book t

7、hat I lost yesterday.The story is so interesting as many people like.The story is so interesting that many people like it.三、定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞的省略省略關(guān)系代詞最典型的情形就是當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中用作 賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候。在定語(yǔ)從句中能夠用作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞有 that, which, who, whom。如：Those books (that) you lent me were very useful.I wore the necklace (which) my mother

8、had left me.Do you still remember the boy (who, whom) I was going out with?注意：我們說(shuō)的關(guān)系代詞的省略只限于限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，即使關(guān)系代詞用作賓語(yǔ)也不能省略。另外，當(dāng) 關(guān)系代詞直接用作介詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，此時(shí)也不能省略。如：I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music. 我想找到一個(gè)可以和我談書(shū)和音樂(lè)的人。I wanted to find someone (whom) I could discuss books an

9、d music with. 我想找到一個(gè)可以和我談書(shū)和音樂(lè)的人。四、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的主要關(guān)系副詞1. when 的用法 介詞+which ”關(guān)系副詞 when在定語(yǔ)從句中用作狀語(yǔ)， 表示時(shí)間， 用以修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞；1988 was the year when he was born. 198是8 他的出生年。Whenin which 。I ll never forget eth day when I first met you.Whenon which 。Don t forget the time when the wedding will start。.Whenat which 。2.

10、where 的用法 介詞+which ”關(guān)系副詞 where 在定語(yǔ)從句中也是用作狀語(yǔ)，表示地點(diǎn)，用以 修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞；What is the name of the town where you live? Wherein which 。This cross marks the spot where she died.whereat which 。 3.why 的用法for which that- 省略不用。關(guān)系副詞 why 在定語(yǔ)從句中也是用作狀語(yǔ)，表示原因； why 引 導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞只有一個(gè)，那就是 the reason。如：These are the reasons w

11、hy we do i。t.Do you know the reason why she doesn t like me?why 是一個(gè)比較特殊的關(guān)系副詞， 它引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)， 除可換成 for which 外，有時(shí)也可換成 that ，甚至省略。如：他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。正： The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.正： The main reason for which he lost his job was that he drank. 正： The main reason that he lost his job

12、 was that he drank.正： The main reason he lost his job was that he drank.4. How 的用法 in whichthat 省略不用關(guān)系副詞 how 在定語(yǔ)從句中也是用作狀語(yǔ)，表示方式； how 引 導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞只有一個(gè)，那就是 the way.五、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所謂限制性定語(yǔ)從句，它的作用是對(duì)先行詞起修飾、限制或確定的作用，若去掉，先行詞的意思就不明確，它是不可缺少的一部 分，它與先行詞的關(guān)系密不可分，不可用逗號(hào)將其分開(kāi)。而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的作用則只是對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用， 它是可有可無(wú)的， 與先行詞關(guān)系松散，

13、 通常用逗號(hào)將其分開(kāi)。 因此， 有無(wú)逗號(hào)通常是區(qū)分限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的重要 標(biāo)志。從所使用的關(guān)系詞來(lái)看，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中， that 可以代替 who, whom 和 which 等，但在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不能用 that 。如：He changed his mind, which made me very angry他. 改變了主意， 這使我很生氣。Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party. 后來(lái)他遇到瑪麗， 瑪麗邀請(qǐng)他去參加晚會(huì)。另外，關(guān)系副詞 when 和 where 既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；但關(guān)

14、系副詞 why 和 how 則只能引導(dǎo)限制 性定語(yǔ)從句，不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。We ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may bebetter. 我們將把野餐推遲到下星期，那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)好一點(diǎn)Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in abus. 巴巴拉在奧伯里工作，每天得坐公共汽車(chē)去上班。 以上兩句中的關(guān)系副詞 when 和 where 均引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從 句。六 as 和 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 共性：先行詞為一件事； 差異： a

15、s從句可以在先行詞前或后， which 從句只能在先行詞后 He is a good guy, as we all know. As we all know, he is a good guy.He is a good guy, which we all know七、關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞；用作狀語(yǔ)， 則用關(guān)系副詞。Dont forget the time that I不v要e 忘tol記d 我yo告u.訴你的時(shí)間。This is the house that he bought yesterday這. 就是他昨天買(mǎi)的那座房子。八 .只能用 that

16、 不能用 which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：1) 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只能用 thatThis is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.2) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只能用 thatThe Football MatchThe children like the second lesson that is about3) 先行詞被 the only，the very 或 the same等修飾，定語(yǔ)從句只能用 that 引導(dǎo)。It is the only word (that) I know in the pa

17、ssage.Where is the very book (that) I bought just now?This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.4) 先行詞為 everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little ， few 等不定代詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只能用 thatI want everything (that) I want.I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.5) 先行

18、詞被不定代詞 all, any, no, every, little, much, many 修飾時(shí)，只 能用 thatHere is all the money (that) I have.6) 先行詞是同時(shí)含有 “人和物 ”的名詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只能用 thatI can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room.7）定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞為 the one 時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用 that 引導(dǎo)Is it the one（ that） you want？8）為了避免重復(fù)，在疑問(wèn)詞 who 之后，用 that

19、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句Who is the girl that won the first place?1. This is the bag my mother bought yesterday.A. thatB. whoC. whom D. this2. The man lives next to us is my English teacher.A. whomB. which C. who D. /3. The girl you saw in the street is Mary.A. that B. whoseC. whichD. as4. Is this the factory a lot of

20、 students visited yesterday?A. the oneB. which C. who D. whom5. Is this factory a lot of students visited yesterday?A. the oneB. that C. which D. /6. The only language is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A. whichB. thatC. / D. it7. The girl handed everything she had picked up in the street to thep

21、olice.A. which B. in which C. that D. all8. cleans the blackboard should be praised.A. ThatB. WhoC. The one who D. The students who9. Please show me the book you bought yesterday.A. whichB. whom C. whoseD. this10. This is the best book I have been looking for all this year.A. whoB. whom C. which D.

22、/11. This is the only article of these that written by him.A. was B. wereC. isD. are12. The man was here just now is a doctor.A. whomB. who C. / D. he13. The boy has two lovely dogs.A. who live next doorB. which lives next doorC. whom lives next doorD. that lives next door14. Those made no mistakes

23、in today s exercises please raise yourhands.A. whichB. whom C. that D. who15. Don t go in, this is the shop we havset bjueen .A. /, toB. that, /C. where, to D. which, there16. He is the most careful boy I know.A. what B. which C. as D. /17. This is the school Mr. Smith once taught.A. in that B. when

24、C. where D. there18. Have you visited the house the famous scientist was born?A. whereB. in thatC. that D. which19. The factory Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.A. when B. where C. that D. which20. Do you still remember the day we first met?A. that B. when C. what D. on that21. The first tim

25、e _ I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958.A. when B. where C. which D. that22. October 1, 1949 is the day we ll never forget.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. in which23. October 1, 1949 was the day the Peoplewas founded.s Republic of ChinaA. which B. when C. whereD. in which24. Is this the shop sells childrens clo

26、thing?A. which B. whereC. in whichD. what25. Is this museum they visited last month?A. that B. which C. whereD. the one26. I still remember the sitting-room my mother and I used to sit inthe evening.A. whatB. whichC. that D. where27. Did you tell your mother all _ you had seen on the way home?A. wha

27、t B. why C. thatD. which28. It s one of the most important meetings _e_s_e tyhears.A. that has been heldB. which has been heldC. that have been heldD. which have held29. Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a well?A. in front of itB. in front of whoseC. in front of which D. in the front

28、of which30. I ll never forget the day _ I joined the League.A. on whichB. which C. in whichD. at which31. She showed her new watch to my wife, _ was kept in a box.A. whoB. which C. that D. it32. She had three sons, all _ became doctors.A. whoB. whomC. of them D. of whom33. This is the new type of pl

29、ane _ parts are made of plastics.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whose34. _ is known to all, China is a developing country, belonging to the third world.A. ItB. That C. As D. Which35. Is this the leaning tower _ Galileo did experiment centuries ago?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when36Dorothy was always speakin

30、g highly of her role in the play，of course，made the others unhappyA whoB whichCthisD that37 The weather turned out to be very good， was more than we could expectA whatBwhichCthatDit38，the Great Wall came into being in Qin DynastyA Its clear BWe all know CAs we all know D Which we all know39 This is the same sum was spent i