[語言類考試復習資料大全]公共英語五級分類模擬題閱讀理解(二)

1、書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘學子：學業(yè)有成，金榜題名！語言類考試復習資料大全公共英語五級分類模擬題閱讀理解(二)公共英語五級分類模擬題閱讀理解(二)練習一Part A Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Text 1 As industrialisation came to define Western life in the 19th centur

2、y, industry employed photography to portray its successes and strengths. For example, in 1857 British photographer Robert Howlett took pictures of the British steamship Great Eastern, the largest vessel of its day, and of its designer and engineer, Isambard Kingdom Brunel. He depicted both ship and

3、man as heroic exemplars of the age. In addition to recording the construction of railroads, ships, buildings, and bridges, photography proved useful to medicine and the fledgling social sciences, such as ethnology, psychology, and sociology. Doctors wanted before-and-after pictures of wounded Civil

4、War soldiers to study the effects of surgery. Psychologists studied photographs of mental patients in an attempt to visually discern their disorders. Fields as dissimilar as biology and astronomy demanded whole catalogues of new photographs to record and classify a rapidly expanding body of knowledg

5、e. American photographer Edward S. Curtis produced a 20-volume ethnographic survey of the native peoples of North America. Like much early scientific photography, Curtiss work suffered from his own cultural biases in this case, an overly romantic view of how Native Americans should look. He supplied

6、 his subjects with props and costumes that were not always authentic, and his photographs are no longer considered accurate as documentation. The development of faster cameras n the 1870s spurred scientists and others to use photography in the systematic study of human and animal movement. In 1878 M

7、uybridge used a series of photographs of a galloping horse to demonstrate to an amazed world that the animal lifts all four feet off the ground at once. His work inspired Philadelphia painter Thomas Eakins to take up the camera so he could more accurately depict motion in his paintings. French physi

8、ologist Etienne-Jules Marey also followed Muybridges example and devised a special camera to record sequential photographs on a single plate. Marey used this method to develop insights into the flight of birds, human movement, and the workings of the human eye. His experiments helped prepare the way

9、 for airplane flight, motion pictures, and modern athletic training. In the last quarter of the 19th century the camera helped record the plight of the dispossessed, displaced, and overlooked. One of the earliest attempts to document urban poverty was made by Scottish photographer Thomas Annan, who

10、aimed his camera at the empty, unsanitary alleyways of Glasgow in 1868. City officials commissioned Annans documentation to justify replacement of Glasgows unsavory slums with new development. John Thomson went a step further with candid photographs of poor people themselves, published in a series c

11、alled Street Life in London (1877). In the United States, Danish-born journalist Jacob Riis saw the virtue of photographs as well as words in his campaign to improve the lot of poor city dwellers in New York City. He first hired photographers to accompany him into the slums, and later began taking p

12、ictures himself. Riis illuminated dark, airless interiors with bright bursts of light that he produced by igniting magnesium flash powder. He showed the pictures at public lectures and later published them in a book entitled How the Other Half Lives (1890). Riiss tireless advocacy helped bring about

13、 better conditions for some slum dwellers, and initiated the use of photography as a powerful tool in the fight against poverty. 1. What can be best said about photography as reviewed in this text?A.It has been historically extensive and influential.B.It has been more closely related to industry tha

14、n to social sciences.C.It has been useful as an instrument for historical records.D.It has been visually impressive and powerful.答案:A2. Which of the following best reflects the comment of the author on Curtiss photographic work?A.Slightly ironical.B.Somewhat critical.C.Totally supportive.D.Culturall

15、y biased.答案:B3. According to this text, improvement of camera speed resulted inA.the experiment of aircraft flight.B.accuracy in movie production.C.detailed depiction of movements.D.delicate recording of images.答案:C4. It can be seen from this text that cities in their early growthA.helped improve ph

16、otographic work.B.created anti-city feelings.C.were not successful as expected.D.were not without their ills.答案:D5. What was the main aim of Jacob Riiss photographic career?A.To bring about social changes.B.To disclose urban poverty.C.To show his special photographic technique.D.To practice both as

17、a journalist and a photographer.答案:AText 2 The government of Britain has for many centuries been shared by the supreme authorities: the Monarch (i.e. the King or Queen), the Lords (i.e. the hereditary nobility) and the Commons (i.e. the ordinary people). The story of its development has been the sto

18、ry of a gradual shifting of supremacy from the first of these authorities to the third in other words a gradual progress towards democracy. Thus the Monarchy today is left without any power at all. This statement may seem surprising in view of the great affection which the British have for Queen Eli

19、zabeth, the great ceremonies connected with her, the great state functions over which she presides, the oath of loyalty made to her by Parliament, and the many great decisions made in her name and requiring her authority. It is the Queen who approves the appointment of Ministers and the formation of

20、 a Cabinet; it is the Queen who summons Parliament and who introduces the new session with a speech from the Throne in which she summarizes the governments programme; it is the Queen who gives her assent to Bill before they become law, who concludes treaties and declares war, who makes appointments

21、to all offices of State and Church, who dismisses Parliament when the government has been defeated or has reached the end of its term, and who chooses a new Prime Minister. Indeed, she is informed and consulted on every aspect of national life. And yet it remains true that she has no power. For in p

22、ractice, she acts only on the advice of her Ministers, and must be completely impartial. This is of course not very easy to understand, and you may want to know what would happen if the Queen refused to give her assent to something she disagreed with. But the case would never arise. The Queen never

23、refuses her assent, because she knows this would be unconstitutional. In any case she had no means of enforcing her will. What is then the use of having a queen? Some British people would answer: no use at all. Some think the Monarchy is a useless relic of bygone age, and a tremendous waste of publi

24、c money too. But these arguments are comparatively weak. Most British people regard the monarchy as a long-established tradition, which, with all its colour and pageantry and with all the feelings of personal respect which it inspires, they would be most unwilling to lose. More than this, the monarc

25、h is the only unchangeable symbol of British itself. Politicians come and go according to the elections won or lost, and at any given moment every politician always has many determined opponents among those who do not belong to his own party. But the Monarch is always there, above party quarrels, re

26、presenting the nation as a whole, and lending dignity and significance to all things done in her name. 1. What is mainly discussed in this text?A.The role of the Monarch in Britain.B.The outdated royal system in Britain.C.Who actually rules Britain.D.The Queen as the most powerful person.答案:D2. A ne

27、w Prime Minister is chosen byA.Parliament.B.the Cabinet.C.the Monarchy.D.all Ministers.答案:A3. We can infer from the text thatA.the Queen is not satisfied with her situation.B.the Queens rule is only in name, not in practice.C.the Queen still has her say in the government.D.the Queen is ill-informed

28、of the national life.答案:B4. If the Queen disagreed with a certain policy, she wouldA.refuse to give her assent to it.B.consult with the Ministers about it.C.enforce her will.D.approve it nevertheless.答案:C5. The system of the Monarchy is consideredA.useful by a few British.B.a useful relic by politic

29、ians.C.a long-established tradition by most British.D.an insane waste of money by the author.答案:DText 3 As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requiring the seller to purchase goods from the person who buys his prod

30、ucts, or vice versa. Hence producers, who know they will be paid in money, can concentrate on finding the most suitable outlet for their goods, while buyers, who will pay in money, can concentrate on finding the cheapest market for the things they wish to purchase. Specialization, which is vital to

31、an advanced economy, is encouraged, because people whose output is not a complete product but only part of one in which many others are involved can be paid an amount equivalent to their share of the product. Another advantage of money is that it is a measure of value, that is, it serves as a unit i

32、n terms of which the relative values of different products can be expressed. In a barter economy it would be necessary to determine how many plates were worth on hundred weight of cotton, to how many pens should be exchanged for a ton of coal, which would be a difficult and time-consuming task. The

33、process of establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of exchange, according to what products were being offered against one another, and according to the two parties desires and preferences. If I am trying to barter fish for bananas, for example, a lot would depend on wh

34、ether the person willing to exchange bananas is or is not keen on fish. Thirdly, money acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving under a barter system. No one engaged on only one stage in the manufacturing of a product could save part of his output, since he would be producing not

35、hing complete. Even when a person actually produced a complete product the difficulties would be overwhelming. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically or in value, as a result of long storage, even if storage were possible, the practice of storing products for years on end would

36、involve obvious disadvantages, imaging a coal-miner attempting to save enough coal, which of course is his product, to keep him for life. If wealth could not be saved, or only with great difficulty, future needs could not be provided for, or capital accumulated to raise productivity. It is clear tha

37、t many essential characteristics of an advanced economic system -widespread exchange, division of labor and accumulation of capital -are closely linked with the use of money. Without money to facilitate exchange, production and saving, it would be impossible for an economy to develop beyond the prim

38、itive level which survives in communities still conducting their economic affairs on a barter basis. 1. Using money as a medium of exchange means thatA.you have to sell something in order to buy something.B.you have to buy something in order to sell something.C.you dont have to buy something in orde

39、r to sell something.D.the seller and the purchaser are the same person.答案:C2. Specialization is encouraged becauseA.people can use their money to buy whatever they want.B.people do not need to make a complete product for exchange.C.people make an intangible contribution to the manufacture of a produ

40、ct.D.people cannot use their money to buy whatever they want.答案:B3. Any exchange under a barter economy wouldA.be neither simple nor quick.B.have no value.C.be both simple and quick.D.be determined by simplicity and speed.答案:A4. One difficulty in saving under a barter economy would be thatA.it would

41、 be difficult to imagine money.B.some people do not make complete products, so they could not save them.C.some products would be too small to save.D.people are only engaged in one stage of manufacturing.答案:B5. An advanced economyA.still exists in some places.B.cannot possibly exist.C.depends on wide

42、spread exchange, division of labor and accumulation of capital.D.does not depend on the use of money.答案:CPart B Too many people are haunted by five dismal words: But its too late now. An unfaithful husband would like to salvage his marriage. But its too late now. An office worker, fired because of h

43、er drinking problem, wishes she could conquer her alcoholism and begin again. But its too late now. Few families are without some broken personal relationships. At first those involved may be unwilling to hold out an olive branch. Then, when some time has passed, they may feel its too late to offer

44、an apology or try to make amends. 16. _ Not long ago I came upon an article about the distinguished musician Robert Shaw, who was retiring as music director and conductor of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. Years earlier, when I was the new pastor of Marble Church in New York City, Shaw came to me an

45、d suggested we have a group of young people sing at our church services. He led such a chorale and was willing to make it available. 17. _ Unfortunately, some of the members of the congregation, including two of the elders who were strong traditionalists, thought the singing was too much of a depart

46、ure from the accepted way of doing things at Marble Church. They made their displeasure known to me in unmistakable terms. 18. _ Almost half a century passed. In all that time I never saw or spoke to Shaw. But then, as I read the article, my conscience reminded me I had made a mistake that still was

47、 unrectified. When I got home, I wrote a letter to Robert Shaw telling him that I had been wrong and was sorry. 19. _ What a lift I got from that! What happy evidence it was that even after many years a word of apology is never too late. 20. _ Because it never is. A. This struck me as an idea that w

48、ould appeal to the younger members of our congregation. So I told him to go ahead.The people who sang were spirited and enthusiastic, and I thought they added a new and welcome dimension to our worship services. B. Why not search your mind and see if there is some past episode that calls for a word

49、of reconciliation, some personal problem unsolved, some good deed !eft undone? Even if a long time has elapsed, dont assume its too late. C. I sayto such people:Nonsense! Its nevertoo late to make a fresh start. D. Finally, against my better judgement, I told Shaw that I was sorry, but we would have

50、 to terminate the arrangement. He was disappointed, but said he understood. This incident would always bother me. I had failed to have the courage of my convictions. E. As we had to make the church hall available for other purposes, one day I came to Shaw and made this clear Without a word, he made

51、his way to me and gave me his hand, leaving me puzzled as to whether this was a gesture of agreement or disappointment. F. Almost at once a reply came from this great man of music, thanking me for the generosity, grace and candidness of my letter and claiming that the fault had been as much his as m

52、ine. 1.答案: C2.答案: A3.答案: D4.答案: F5.答案: BPart C Note: When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. Some choices may be required more than once. A= Caribou Indians B= The Coastal Indians C= Plain Indians Which group of Indians . hunt animals by driving them into falling off

53、the cliffs? 21. _ wore nothing but a piece of cloth around the waist? 22. _ lived in houses easily packed up and moved? 23. _ depend their main catch for food and clothing? 24. _ 25. _ joined their lodging places? 26. _ could have adopted white mans clothing? 27. _ 28. _ built their houses with the

54、skins of animals? 29. _ were highly advanced in house-building? 30. _ CARIBOU INDIANS Caribou (Indian for reindeer)roam in herds from one feeding-ground to the next in the forests and on the plains extending to the Arctic coasts of North America; they are hunted by the Eskimos in the summer and by t

55、he Indians farther south in the winter. Before the days of guns the Indians caught them in traps or pitfalls, they drove them over soft snow and pursued them on snow-shoes, or they drove them into the water and speared them from their sprucebark canoes. For a big drive they set up rows of stakes and

56、 drove them into ambushes or enclosures or into narrow gorges from which they could not escape. By these means they killed many more caribou than they could eat, so they stored the dried flesh in pits or caches. Much of the flesh was pounded into pemmican and packed in fat, in which condition it wou

57、ld keep for months. These Indians made their shirts, leggings or trousers, and moccasins of skins. Women wore much the same clothes as the men, only of softer materials -often doeskin -and their clothes were more richly decorated with shells, dyed porcupine quills, or feathers. Wealthy men wore robes of beaver, wolf, bear, or coyote fur. But most Indians have come in contact with trading-posts and have adopted white mans clothing. During t