外研版 必修一 module5 知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、 詞匯部分：1. Water exsits as a solid, a liquid and a gas.exist vi. 存有；生存(不用于實(shí)行時(shí))existence n. 存有；生存come into existence 產(chǎn)生； 出現(xiàn)e.g. 鹽存有于很多東西里。Salt exists in many things.沒(méi)有空氣我們無(wú)法生存。We cant exist without air. 我們知道世界是何時(shí)產(chǎn)生的嗎？Do you know when this world came into existence?2. When you heat a metal, it expands.

2、heat n. 熱量；熱度，激動(dòng)vt. /vi. 加熱，使變熱（常和up連用）heated adj. 熱烈的，激烈的; 憤怒的e.g. 進(jìn)去之前先測(cè)一下水溫。Test the heat of the water before getting in. “不，我不會(huì)的?！彼f(shuō)，聲音里帶著怒氣?！癗o, I wont,” he said with heat in his voice. 她把湯加熱了一下。She heated up the soup. 激烈的爭(zhēng)論a heated argumentexpand vt./vi. 膨脹，擴(kuò)大；展開(kāi)氣球充氣會(huì)膨脹。e.g. 氣球充滿(mǎn)了空氣會(huì)膨脹。A ballo

3、on expands as it is filled with air.expand into 擴(kuò)大成為他的公司因盲目擴(kuò)大陷入困境。His copmpany expanded into a bog one.expand on 補(bǔ)充,闡述他進(jìn)一步闡述了他的新理論。He expaned on his new theory.3. When you heat a metal, it contracts. contract vt./vi. 收縮；簽訂合同 n. 合同；契約e.g. 金屬熱脹冷縮。Metals expand when they are heated and contract when co

4、oled.簽定合同sign a contract訂立合同make a contract 草擬合同draw up a contract 4. Steel is a mixture of iron and other substances. mixture n.混合物e.g. 空氣是一種混合物。Air is a mixture. mix v. 混合，相融合，相處，交往e.g. 水和油互不相溶。Oil and water will not mix.拓展：be mixed up in sth. 與有牽連beget mixed up with sb. 與某人來(lái)往Eg. 我不想和他往來(lái)。I dont wa

5、nt to be mixed up with him.substance n. c 物質(zhì)水合冰是不同狀態(tài)的同一種物質(zhì). Water and ice are the same substance in different forms.化學(xué)物質(zhì)A chemical substanceu本質(zhì),實(shí)質(zhì) ,內(nèi)容Eg.他一直在探討宗教的實(shí)質(zhì)。He has been considering the substance of religion. 他的論文缺乏內(nèi)容。His paper lacks substance.5. addto 把加到 add to 增加，增添 add up 把加起來(lái) add up to 總

6、共是，總計(jì)為6. put in order 把有序排列，使整齊7. ordinary adj.普通的，平常的 n.常事，慣例易混辨異ordinary/common/usual/normal（1）ordinary普通的，平常的，平凡的，強(qiáng)調(diào)等級(jí)和類(lèi)屬方面普通，指人時(shí)，該詞 指既不顯赫也不低賤，指物時(shí)指品質(zhì)或質(zhì)地水平一般，有：“平庸無(wú)奇”之意（2）common普通的，常見(jiàn)的，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)常發(fā)生，司空見(jiàn)慣，不顯赫或不特別，可修飾人或物，也可指共同的，共存的（3）usual通常的，慣常的，慣例的，強(qiáng)調(diào)依照慣例來(lái)判斷，有“遵循常規(guī)”之意（4）normal正常的，合乎標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，強(qiáng)調(diào)在正常情況下應(yīng)有的8. keep

7、.out of防止.進(jìn)入，不讓.靠近 keep （sb）away（from sth）使（某人）離開(kāi)（某物） keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 keep back阻止，抑制 keep sth in mind記?。呈挛铮?keep in touch with與.保持聯(lián)系 keep（on）doing sth繼續(xù)做某事 keep off遠(yuǎn)離，避開(kāi) keep up保持，維持 keep up with跟上 keep to支持，保持，不離開(kāi)語(yǔ)法部分： A1.基數(shù)詞的讀法：A. 先說(shuō)“幾十”， 再說(shuō)“幾”，中間用連字符。如：23twenty-three 89eighty-nineB

8、. 先說(shuō)“幾百”， 再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)（或末位數(shù)）。如：223two hundred and twenty-three416four hundred and sixteen809eight hundred and nineC. 1000以上的數(shù)先從后向前數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一“,”（千分位）；第一個(gè)“,”號(hào)前為thousand; 第二個(gè)“,”號(hào)前為million; 第三個(gè)“,”號(hào)前為billion。如：1,001one thousand and one4,000four thousand9,743nine thousand, seven hundred and forty-three174,3

9、01a (one) hundred and seventy-four thousand, three hundred and one750,000,000seven hundred and fifty million2.序數(shù)詞的讀法序數(shù)詞一般以與之相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加詞尾-th構(gòu)成，如：tenth（第十），但下面這些基數(shù)詞在變序數(shù)詞時(shí)， 有特別的地方。如：A. one first two second three third five fifth eight eighth nineninthtwelvetwelfthB. 以-ty結(jié)尾的詞，要先變-y為-i，再加-eth。如：twentytwenti

10、eth fortyfortiethC. 以one, two, three, five, nine收尾的多位數(shù)詞，要照第一條方法變。如：twenty-one twenty-firsttwenty-two twenty-secondthirty-five thirty-fifthninety-nineninety-nintha hundred and fifty-three a hundred and fifty-third3.分?jǐn)?shù)詞的讀法基數(shù)詞表示分子，序數(shù)詞表示分母，除了分子是“1”的情況外，序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。如： one-fourth 2/3 two-thirds 7/9 seven-nint

11、hs 5/12 five-twelfths一些特殊的表達(dá)法a / one halfa / one quarterthree quarters4.小數(shù)的讀法7.8seven point eight0.4zero point four0.03zero point zero three0.125zero point one two five14.397fourteen point three nine seven5百分?jǐn)?shù)的讀法27% twenty-seven percent 45% forty-five percent 86% eighty-six percentB倍數(shù)表達(dá)方式 倍數(shù)+as +形容詞

12、+as e.g. The house is twice as large as that one. 倍數(shù)+形容詞的比較級(jí)+than This house is twice larger than that one. 倍數(shù)+ the size (length, width, height, depth) ofThis house is twice the size of that one.三個(gè)句子都譯為“這個(gè)房子是那個(gè)房子的兩個(gè)大。”C形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)的基本用法1.原級(jí)比較：as+原級(jí)+as 和一樣 否定形式為：not as/so+原級(jí)+asEg：This picture is as be

13、autiful as that one. I am not so/as tall as you.2.比較級(jí)：比較級(jí)形式+than. Yao Ming is taller than Michael Jordan.3 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)的特殊用法1) the +比較級(jí) ，the+比較級(jí). 表示：越，越.The more we get together，the happier we will be.2）比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí) 表示 “越來(lái)越.” It becomes colder and colder when winter comes.3) more B than A 與其說(shuō)A不如說(shuō)B He i

14、s more lazy than slow at his work.4）more than 不只是，非常 She is more than kind to us all .5）no more than 與一樣不不比多. no lessthan 與一樣多，不比少 The officials could see no more than the emperor（皇帝）.6）no more than = only 僅僅，只有 not more than = at most 至多 no less than =as much/many as 至少7）“否定詞+比較級(jí)” 表示最高級(jí)含義 He has never spent a more worrying day .4.修飾比較級(jí)的詞語(yǔ)1）a bit ,a little ,rather, much ,far, by far ,a lot ,a great deal ,any , still, even. 2) 還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語(yǔ)3）以上詞（除by far 外）， 必須置于形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)的前面。5 表示倍數(shù)的常見(jiàn)的句型1） times as +原級(jí)+as