英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用法詳解

1、.Contents英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用法詳解2一、概念2二、何時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞作主語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ))補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)2三、可以用分詞作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞3典例精析：4英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用法詳解一、概念分詞作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)其實(shí)是同一成分用于兩種不同的句式中。具體地說(shuō)，主動(dòng)態(tài)句子中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就是被動(dòng)態(tài)句子中的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。先了解賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則很容易了解主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：在英語(yǔ)中，某些及物動(dòng)詞不僅需要賓語(yǔ)，而且還要求某個(gè)詞或詞組來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)，即表示賓語(yǔ)代表的人或物所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)，這個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。有些語(yǔ)法書把賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)稱為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。句型：及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(n./pron.)

2、+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(n./adj./adv./to do/-ing/-ed/介詞短語(yǔ)共7種表示法)該句型若變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即將賓語(yǔ)提到句首作主語(yǔ)，原主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)此時(shí)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中起到補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的作用，所以改稱主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.此句中smoking是主語(yǔ)he的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，所以稱為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。二、何時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞作主語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ))補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)分詞作主語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ))補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，若主語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ))與分詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)；如果主語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ))與分詞之間是被

3、動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。例如：He was heard singing in the next room.He was singing.主語(yǔ)he與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)“唱歌”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞singing。One of the glasses was found broken.One of the glasses was broken.主語(yǔ)one of the glasses與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)“打破”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞broken。Dont leave the water running while you brush your teeth.The water is running.賓語(yǔ)t

4、he water與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)“淌”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞running。三、可以用分詞作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞要會(huì)使用分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，必須記住哪些動(dòng)詞可以接分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1.感官動(dòng)詞feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，observe，look at(一感二聽(tīng)五看)及find等既可以接現(xiàn)在分詞又可以接過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：If you wave your book in front of your face，you can feel the air moving against your face.The air can be felt moving a

5、gainst your face，if you wave your book in front of your face.The next morning she found the man lying in bed，dead.The next morning the man was found lying in bed，dead.2.表示“致使”動(dòng)詞get，have，leave等既可以接現(xiàn)在分詞又可以接過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。-Good morning. Can I help you？-Id like to have the package weighed，madam.3.表示“意欲；命令”的動(dòng)

6、詞如like，want，wish，order等常接過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：You must tell us exactly what you would like done.你必須準(zhǔn)確地告訴我們?cè)撟鍪裁?。The father wants his daughter taught the piano.這位父親想讓女兒學(xué)鋼琴。I wish it done quickly.我希望很快將此事做完。注意：set，start，catch常跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，make常跟過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Set sb.thinking，start sb.coughing，He looked around and

7、caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself heard.典例精析：1.I smell something_in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute？A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt答案：A。解析：smell something burning“聞著什么東西在燃燒而發(fā)出糊味”強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在

8、進(jìn)行。burning作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Something burnt“燒焦了的東西”表示一種狀態(tài)。所以選A。2.After a knock at the door，the child heard his mothers voice_him.A.calling B.called C.being called D.to call答案：A。解析：hear sb.doing sth.意為“聽(tīng)到某人在做某事”。動(dòng)詞+ing表示主動(dòng)，the child heard his mothersvoice calling him表示“孩子聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他母親喊他”。Hear sth.done表示“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某事被做了”。所以選A。3

9、.Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English_in a short period.A.improved B.improving C.to improve D.improve答案：A。解析：have sth.done表示“使某事被做”，have her written English improved“使她的書面英語(yǔ)得到提高”。動(dòng)詞+ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)。Have sb.doing sth.意為“使某人一直在做某事”表主動(dòng)。Have sb.do sth.意為“使某人做某事”表主動(dòng)，do前必須省略to。所以選A。4.-Did Peter fix the computer himself？-He_，because he doesnt know much about computers.A.has it fixed B.had fixed