2020高三英語一輪語法考點(diǎn)與訓(xùn)練---名詞性從句

1、高三一輪語法回顧與訓(xùn)練-名詞性從句在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞來充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、表語、賓語和同位語，由一個句子來充當(dāng)，這個句子就叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句分為四類：1. 主語從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的句子就叫主語從句。注意：在含有主語從句的復(fù)合句里，主句謂語使用單三形式。When she will be back depends on the weather.Its a pity that he made such a stupid mistake. （句首it為形式主語）2. 表語從句：位于系動詞之后充當(dāng)表語的句子叫做表語從句。What he wants to know is whether

2、he should start now.3. 賓語從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫賓語從句。注意：賓語從句一般跟在及物動詞或介詞后。Mary wrote an article on why the team had failed to win the game.Can you tell me when he will come back? （?？键c(diǎn)：tell后接雙賓語。此句中me為間接賓語，賓語從句為直接賓語。）The report didnt make it clear how the conclusion was arrived at. （句中it為形式賓語）4. 同位語從句：對前面的名詞

3、作進(jìn)一步解釋，說明其內(nèi)容的句子叫做同位語從句。同位語從句常用于某些抽象名詞（idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, message, truth, information等）后面。The news that our team has won the match is true.注意：that可以引導(dǎo)上述四種名詞性從句。共同特點(diǎn)是不能省略that，但一種情況例外：當(dāng)及物動詞后只接一個賓語從句時可省略that或接多個賓語從句時第一個從句前that可省略。I wrote a letter telling her (that) the students app

4、reciated what she did and that（that不能省略）her contribution to our school made a difference in all of our lives.考點(diǎn)歸納一、名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞1. that只起引導(dǎo)作用，本身無意義，且在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。I know you arent a doctor and that you want your son to become a doctor.2. what, who, which和when, where, why, how, whoever, whichever, wherever

5、等，在從句中充當(dāng)成分，且有意義。Who will come to help with my English hasnt been settled.Whoever wants to join in the activity should apply on our website in advance.3. if和whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句都表“是否”。whether可引導(dǎo)所有名詞性從句，而if只能引導(dǎo)及物動詞后的賓語從句。Up to now, whether we will attend the meeting hasnt been decided. 二、名詞性從句的語序1. 名詞性從句中，一

6、律要用陳述句語序。2. 當(dāng)how表“多么，多少（錢等）”引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，其后要先跟其所修飾的形容詞，即把how + adj.視作一個整體，充當(dāng)連接詞，故兩者不能分開，再加上主語和謂語。He didnt know how much time he should spend on it. The photos will show you what our village looks like.You can hardly imagine how excited he was when he heard the news that he was admitted to Wu Han Univers

7、ity.三、引導(dǎo)詞that 與 what 的用法名詞性從句中區(qū)分that與what的關(guān)鍵是：1、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，看從句是否缺少某成分。如果不缺成分，就用that；如果缺少某成分(主語、賓語、表語等)，所缺部分可理解為“所的東西/事情/地方等”就用what。2. 觀察從句語意是否完整。如果語意完整，就用that；若語意不完整，就用what。What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.After five hours drive, they reached what theyd been dreaming of.That t

8、he earth is round is known to us all.Father made a promise that if I passed the examination he would buy an i-phone 7 for me.The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what was a dangerous speed. It has been thirty years since we last met, but I still remembered the story, believe it

9、 or not, that we went lost on a rainy day.四、引導(dǎo)詞if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句的用法1. whether和if跟在謂語動詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句時可互換。 I want to know whether/ if he passed the exam. 2. 以下幾種情況只能用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，請牢記：（1）介詞后只能用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句。（2）與or not連用時，只能用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，即：whetheror not。（3）whether + to do。He has to decide whether to look for

10、 a job immediately he graduates.Its easy to check online whether the products are available or not.五、同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別1. 同位語從句：（1）同位語從句多用that 引導(dǎo)。 （2）在have no idea (of )之后常用wh- 引導(dǎo)同位語從句。I have no idea (of) what he is doing now.I have no idea (of) where he comes from.（3）一般跟在抽象名詞（fact, news, promise, truth,

11、 belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion等）后面，用以說明或解釋前面的名詞的內(nèi)容。 （4）如果使用了連詞that，它在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，無任何實(shí)際意義。2. 定語從句：對先行詞（名詞或代詞）起修飾限制作用。如果使用了關(guān)系代詞that，它在從句中常作主語和賓語，且有實(shí)際意義。The news (that) we know from her excited all of us.（定語從句）The news that she passed

12、the exam excited her parents.（同位語從句） 六、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣1. 表命令、建議、要求或請求等動詞所接的賓語從句和主語從句，要用虛擬語氣，即“(should) + do”。常見動詞如下，請加強(qiáng)記憶：demand, require, request, desire, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, order, command, insist, urge2. 當(dāng)表示建議、命令、請求等主觀意向的名詞做主語時，其后的表語從句或同位語從句常用虛擬語氣，即“(should) + do”。常見名詞如下，請加強(qiáng)記憶：advice

13、, demand, desire, order, proposal, request, requirement, recommendation, suggestion,3. 常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that + sb. (should) do . It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that+ sb. (should) do .It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that+ sb. (sh

14、ould) do . 4. wish和would rather后所接的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。 動詞wish后接賓語從句時，從句謂語要用虛擬語氣。若要表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句謂語用一般過去時或過去進(jìn)行時；若表示與過去相反的愿望，從句謂語用過去完成時或would / could+have +過去分詞；若表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用would (could)動詞原形。would rather后句子用虛擬語氣 一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿鸌d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我寧愿你明天(現(xiàn)在)去。 用過去完成時表過去的愿望Id rather you

15、 hadnt said it. 我真希望你沒有這樣說過。強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練一、填空：在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式。1. By paying children for chores with an allowance, youll also be sending the message _ work isnt worth doing _ they are getting paid for it.2. It remains to be seen _ people really want to carry both a smart phone _ a smart watch.3.

16、Pick yourself up. Courage is doing _ youre afraid to do.4. The suggestion _ the students should learn something useful is worth _ (consider). 學(xué)生們要學(xué)點(diǎn)有用的東西的建議是值得考慮的。5. Whether we can live in harmony with nature depends on _ effective measures will _ (take) to reduce pollution.6. _ is strongly advised

17、that the contracts _ (read) through thoroughly.7. We take it for granted _ with memory we can remember most of things _ (happen) in our life.8. _ puzzles scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions _ described here.9. _ amazed us was _ he managed to work out such a hard math

18、s problem in _ a short time.10. He became interested in two _ (theory) that possibly explained _ cholera killed people.11. _ (prevent) this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _ (examine).12. Exactly _ the potato _ (introduce) into Europe is uncertain,

19、 but it was probably around 1565.二、改錯：每句錯誤最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除和修改。1. What is known to us all that its great importance to improve working conditions for factory workers.2. The notice came around two oclock in this afternoon the meeting would be put off.3. Some people have the idea you can cross Cana

20、da in little than five days.4. Whats even more importance is as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.5. Being Senior 3 student, I often quarrel with my mother over if I can watch TV after school.6. I am very glad to have read the notice what you posted the other day for severa

21、l places of interests to visit during your stay in China.7. Helen, a author and expert in Japanese cartoons, explained that the character is so popular.8. The reason why Tom didnt attend to school is because he got ill.9. How we understand things have a lot of to do with what we feel.10. We must fin

22、d out how Karl is coming, so we can book room for him in advance.三、翻譯。1. 最重要的是，作為一名交換生我已經(jīng)接觸了美國文化。2. 真誠地希望我能被給予這次機(jī)會。3. 人們普遍認(rèn)為教育不應(yīng)該僅僅通過考試結(jié)果來衡量。4. 相反，其他人認(rèn)為經(jīng)常做運(yùn)動與健康息息相關(guān)。5. 我想要知道，除了合理的價格，是否還有其他的好處。6. 我堅信：如果你考慮我的建議，你將取得巨大進(jìn)步。7. 我不知道成為一名好老師需要什么。8. 我們必須記住浪費(fèi)時間等于浪費(fèi)生命。答案：一、填空1. that; unless 2. whether; and 3. w

23、hat 4. that; considering 5. whether; be taken 6. It; (should) be read 7. that; happening 8. It; as 9. What; how; such 10. theories; why 11. To prevent; (should) be examined 12. when; was introduced二、改錯1. What - It或all后面加is; great前加of2. 去掉in; afternoon后加that 3. idea后加that; little-less4. importance - important; as前加that5. Being后加a; if - whether6. what - that; interests - interest7. a - an; that - why 8. 去掉to; because -