物流管理專業(yè)外文翻譯 集裝箱運輸（適用于畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯+中英

1、本科生畢業(yè)設計 (論文)外 文 翻 譯原 文 標 題container transportion譯 文 標 題 集裝箱運輸作者所在系別經(jīng)濟管理系作者所在專業(yè)物流管理作者所在班級b07322作 者 姓 名作 者 學 號20074032232指導教師姓名指導教師職稱教授完 成 時 間2010年12月北華航天工業(yè)學院教務處制譯文標題集裝箱運輸原文標題container transportation作 者james anderson譯 名詹姆斯安德森國 籍英國原文出處at&t global information solutions集裝箱運輸集裝箱運輸，是指以集裝箱這種大型容器為載體，將貨物集合組裝成

2、集裝單元，以便在現(xiàn)代流通領(lǐng)域內(nèi)運用大型裝卸機械和大型載運車輛進行裝卸、搬運作業(yè)和完成運輸任務，從而更好地實現(xiàn)貨物“門到門”運輸?shù)囊环N新型、高效率和高效益的運輸方式。一、集裝箱運輸發(fā)展的階段（一）集裝箱運輸發(fā)展的初始階段（19世紀初1966年） 集裝箱運輸起源于英國。早在1801年，英國的彼得.離奇博士已提出將貨物裝人集裝箱進行運輸?shù)臉?gòu)想。1845年英國鐵路曾使用載貨車廂互相交換的方式，視車廂為集裝箱，使集裝箱運輸?shù)臉?gòu)想得到初步應用。19世紀中葉，在英國的蘭開夏已出現(xiàn)運輸棉紗、棉布的一種帶活動框架的載貨工具，這是集裝箱的雛形。 正式使用集裝箱來運輸貨物是在20世紀初期。1900年，在英國鐵路上首

3、次試行了集裝箱運輸，后來相繼傳到美國（1917年）、德國（1920年）、法國（1928年）及其他歐美國家。 集裝箱運輸1966年以前，雖然集裝箱運輸取得了一定的發(fā)展，但在該階段集裝箱運輸權(quán)限于歐美一些先進國家，主要從事鐵路、公路運輸和國內(nèi)沿海運輸；船型以改裝的半集裝箱船為主，其典型船舶的裝載量不過500teu（20ft集裝箱換算單位，簡稱“換算箱”）左右，速度也較慢；箱型主要采用斷面為8ft8ft，長度分別為24ft、27ft、35ft的非標準集裝箱，部分使用了長度為20ft和40ft的標準集裝箱；箱的材質(zhì)開始以鋼質(zhì)為主，到后期鋁質(zhì)箱開始出現(xiàn)；船舶裝卸以船用裝卸橋為主，只有極少數(shù)專用碼頭上有岸

4、邊裝卸橋；碼頭裝卸工藝主要采用海陸聯(lián)運公司開創(chuàng)的底盤車方式，跨運車剛剛出現(xiàn)；集裝箱運輸?shù)慕?jīng)營方式是僅提供港到港的服務。以上這些特征說明，在1966年以前集裝箱運輸還處于初始階段，但其優(yōu)越性已經(jīng)得以顯示，這為以后集裝箱運輸?shù)拇笠?guī)模發(fā)展打下了良好的基礎。 （二）集裝箱運輸?shù)陌l(fā)展階段（1967年1983年） 自1966年至1983年，集裝箱運輸?shù)膬?yōu)越性越來越被人們承認，以海上運輸為主導的國際集裝箱運輸發(fā)展迅速，是世界交通運輸進入集裝箱化時代的關(guān)鍵時期。 1970年約有23萬teu，1983年達到208萬teu。集裝箱船舶的行蹤已遍布全球范圍。隨著海上集裝箱運輸?shù)陌l(fā)展，各港紛紛建設專用集裝箱泊位，世界

5、集裝箱專用泊位到1983年已增至983個。世界主要港口的集裝箱吞吐量在20世紀70年代的年增長率達到15。專用泊位的前沿均裝備了裝卸橋，并在鹿特丹港的集裝箱碼頭上出現(xiàn)了第二代集裝箱裝卸橋，每小時可裝卸50teu。碼頭堆場上輪胎式龍門起重機、跨運車等機械得到了普遍應用，底盤車工藝則逐漸趨于沒落。在此時期，傳統(tǒng)的件雜貨運輸管理方法得到了全面改革，與先進運輸方式相適應的管理體系逐步形成，電子計算機也得到了更廣泛的應用，尤其是1980年5月在日內(nèi)瓦召開了有84個貿(mào)發(fā)會議成員國參加的國際多式聯(lián)運會議，通過了聯(lián)合國國際貨物多式聯(lián)運公約。該公約對國際貨物多式聯(lián)運的定義、多式聯(lián)運單證的內(nèi)容、多式聯(lián)運經(jīng)營人的賠

6、償責任等問題均有所規(guī)定。公約雖未生效，但其主要內(nèi)容已為許多國家所援引和應用。雖然在20世紀70年代中期，由于石油危機的影響，集裝箱運輸發(fā)展速度減慢，但是這一階段發(fā)展時期較長，特別是許多新工藝、新機械、新箱型、新船型以及現(xiàn)代化管理，都是在這一階段涌現(xiàn)出來的，世界集裝箱向多式聯(lián)運方向發(fā)展也孕育于此階段之中，故可稱之為集裝箱運輸?shù)陌l(fā)展階段。 （三）集裝箱運輸?shù)某墒祀A段（1984年以后） 1984年以后，世界航運市場擺脫了石油危機所帶來的影響，開始走出低谷，集裝箱運輸又重新走上穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的道路。有資料顯示，發(fā)達國家件雜貨運輸?shù)募b箱化程度已超過80。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，到1998年世界上約有各類集裝箱船舶6800多

7、艘，總載箱量達579萬teu。集裝箱運輸已遍及世界上所有的海運國家，隨著集裝箱運輸進入成熟階段。世界海運貨物的集裝箱化已成為不可阻擋的發(fā)展趨勢。 集裝箱運輸進入成熟階段的特征主要表現(xiàn)在以下兩個方面： 1.硬件與軟件的成套技術(shù)趨于完善干線全集裝箱船向全自動化、大型化發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了25004000teu的第三代和第四代集裝箱船。一些大航運公司紛紛使用大型船舶組織了環(huán)球航線。為了適應大型船停泊和裝卸作業(yè)的需要，港口大型、高速。自動化裝卸橋也得到了進一步發(fā)展。為了使集裝箱從港口向內(nèi)陸延伸，一些先進國家對內(nèi)陸集疏運的公路、鐵路和中轉(zhuǎn)場站以及車輛、船舶進行了大量的配套建設。在運輸管理方面，隨著國際法規(guī)的日益

8、完善和國際管理的逐步形成，實現(xiàn)了管理方法的科學化，管理手段的現(xiàn)代化。一些先進國家已從原僅限于港區(qū)管理發(fā)展為與口岸相關(guān)各部門聯(lián)網(wǎng)的綜合信息管理，一些大公司已能通過通信衛(wèi)星在全世界范圍內(nèi)對集裝箱實行跟蹤管理。先進國家的集裝箱運輸成套技術(shù)為發(fā)展多式聯(lián)運打下了良好的基礎。 2.開始進入多式聯(lián)運和“門到門”運輸階段實現(xiàn)多種運輸方式的聯(lián)合運輸是現(xiàn)代交通運輸?shù)陌l(fā)展方向，集裝箱運輸在這方面具有獨特優(yōu)勢。先進國家由于建立和完善了集裝箱的綜合運輸系統(tǒng)，使集裝箱運輸突破了傳統(tǒng)運輸方式的 “港到港”概念，綜合利用各種運輸方式的優(yōu)點，為貨主提供“門到門”的優(yōu)質(zhì)運輸服務，從而使集裝箱運輸?shù)膬?yōu)勢得到充分發(fā)揮。“門到門”運輸

9、是一項復雜的國際性綜合運輸系統(tǒng)工程，先進國家為了發(fā)展集裝箱運輸，將此作為專門學科，培養(yǎng)了大批集裝箱運輸高級管理人員、業(yè)務人員及操作人員，使集裝箱運輸在理論和實務方面都得到逐步完善。二、組織（一）貨源組織1.集裝箱貨源 集裝箱的適箱貸源，根據(jù)國家關(guān)于發(fā)展我國集裝箱運輸若干問題的規(guī)定中規(guī)定的適箱貨為12個品類，即交電、儀器、小型機械玻璃陶瓷、工藝品；印刷品及紙張、醫(yī)藥、煙酒食品、日用品，化工品、針紡織品和小五金等雜貨、貴重、易碎、怕濕的貨物均屬于集裝箱運輸貨物、集裝箱貨源從運輸組織上分為整箱貨和拼箱貨兩類。整箱貨是指發(fā)貨人需單獨使用一個集裝箱的貨物，整箱貨是由發(fā)貨人負責裝箱t計數(shù)并施封。拼箱貨是指

10、兩個以上發(fā)貨人貨物拼裝在一個集裝箱內(nèi)的貨物，拼箱貨的裝卸作業(yè)由承運人或有關(guān)運輸代理部門負責。 2.日常貨源組織工作 做好日常貨源的組織工作，對于組織合理運輸，充分利用現(xiàn)有設備能力；有著十分重要的意義日常貨源組織對于貨物的品種、數(shù)量、流向、時間上都有著一定的要求。對于不同品種的貨物要詳細了解其尺寸、外形、重量和需要的集裝箱類型及數(shù)量等；在流向上要提出貨物到站、港、以便組織拼裝貨；在時間上按照運輸作業(yè)的需要進行貨源的組織工作.日常資源組織工作是一項十分重要又十分細致的工作，要產(chǎn)、運、銷共同配合完成。 （二）運輸工作組織集裝箱運輸組織作，可以分為發(fā)送作業(yè)、中轉(zhuǎn)作業(yè)和交付作業(yè)宣部分，以鐵路集裝箱運輸組

11、織工作為例： 1.發(fā)送作業(yè) 是指在發(fā)站裝運之前各項貨運作業(yè)，包括集裝箱承運前的組織工作和承運后至裝運前的作業(yè)。具體包括貨主要明確使用集裝箱運輸?shù)臈l件及有關(guān)規(guī)定，如必須在指定的集裝箱辦理站，按：站內(nèi)規(guī)定承運日期辦理：辦理站受理、審核、裝箱等。 2.中轉(zhuǎn)作業(yè) 集裝箱運輸除了由發(fā)站至到站的形式外，還有一部分集裝箱還要經(jīng)過中轉(zhuǎn)才能至到站。中轉(zhuǎn)站的任務是負責將到達中轉(zhuǎn)站的集裝箱迅速按去向、到站重新配裝繼續(xù)發(fā)往到站。 3.交付作業(yè) 是指裝運集裝箱的貨車到貨場后需要辦理的卸車和向貨主辦理交付手續(xù)等工作，具體包括卸車作業(yè)，交付作業(yè)，鐵路貨運員根據(jù)車站的卸車計劃及時按排貨位、核對運單、貨票、裝載清單與集裝箱箱號

12、、印封號是否*致、需要逐箱檢查，卸車；完畢后填寫到達記錄/最后，由貨運室通知發(fā)貨人。，門到門的集裝箱由鐵路貨運員與收貨人代理共同核對箱號，檢查箱體封印，確認無誤后，填發(fā)門到門運輸作業(yè)單，并在作業(yè)單上簽收。指 導 教 師 評 語 外文翻譯成績：指導教師簽字： 年 月 日注：1. 指導教師對譯文進行評閱時應注意以下幾個方面：翻譯的外文文獻與畢業(yè)設計（論文）的主題是否高度相關(guān)，并作為外文參考文獻列入畢業(yè)設計（論文）的參考文獻；翻譯的外文文獻字數(shù)是否達到規(guī)定數(shù)量（3 000字以上）；譯文語言是否準確、通順、具有參考價值。2. 外文原文應以附件的方式置于譯文之后。附件1 原文container tran

13、sportioncontainer transportation (container transport), refers to the container this large containers for the carrier, the goods collection assemble containers unit, so in the modern circulation field using large loading and unloading machinery and large vessels carrying vehicles loading and unloadi

14、ng, handling, carrying assignments and finished courrier mission, thus realizing better goods door to door transport of a new, high efficiency and high benefit modes of transport. 1container transportation development phase （1）container transportation development initial stage (early 19th century 19

15、66) container transportation originated in the united kingdom. as early as in 1801, britains dr bide.liqi has put forward the goods with loading container transportation conception. 1845 british railway carriage bills of exchange have used the way, depending on the carriage for container, make conta

16、iner transportation idea get preliminary application. in the middle of the 19th century, british lancashire already appeared transport cotton yarn, cotton fabric with activity framework of carrying tools, this is the prototype of the container. formal use container to transport goods is the beginnin

17、g of the 20th century. in 1900, for the first time in british railway container transport and later tried successively spread to the united states (1917), germany (1920), france (1928) and other countries in europe and america. container transportation in 1966 before, although containe r transportat

18、ion has obtained certain development, but in this phase ,container transportation access in europe and some advanced countries, mainly engaged in railway and highway transportation and domestic coastal transport; ship with modified half container ship give priority to its typical ship carrying quant

19、ity but 20ft container 500teu (conversion unit, abbreviation conversion box) or so, are slower, box mainly adopts section for 8ft x 8ft, length 24ft, respectively 27ft, 35ft non-standard containers, part uses the length of 40ft 20ft and standard container, box material began to steel primarily, late

20、r aluminum box began to appear, ship loading and unloading in marine crane is given priority to, only a handful of pier on the shore crane, wharf handling technology mainly uses the sea-land intermodal transportation company pioneered by car chassis, cross a car transport way just appear; container

21、transportation mode of operation is offered only port to hong kong service. above these features explain, in 1966 before container transportation was still in its initial stage, but its superiority has to show that it is later container transport and the large scale development have laid a good foun

22、dation. （2）container transport development stage (1967 1983) since 1966 to 1983, the superiority of container shipping more and more recognized by people to maritime transport for the leading international container transportation development is rapid ,which is world transportation into the key peri

23、od of containerization era. about 23 million teu in 1970 , while reach 208 million teu in 1987 . the whereabouts of container ship already throughout the world. along with the development of offshore container transportation, each port in succession special container berths, world construction of sp

24、ecial container berths to 1983 has increased to a 983. world major ports of container throughput in 20th century 70s the annual growth rate achieve 15%. the forefront of special garages are equipped with a crane, and in rotterdam port container terminal appeared on the second generation of the conta

25、iner crane, each hour demountable 50teu. luntaishi longmen stacking crane on the dock transport vehicles, and other machinery, cross being widely used, chassis car process is gradually tends to decline. during this period, the traditional break-bulk transport management method has been comprehensive

26、 reform, and advanced transportation mode adapted to the management system gradually formed, electronic computer also got more extensive application, especially in 1980 may was held in geneva 84 maofa the members have joined the international multimodal transport meeting, through the united nations

27、convention on the international multimodal transport. the convention on the international multimodal transport the definition, multimodal transport the content, the multimodal transport operator liability issues such as have been regulations. although inactive, but convention on its main contents fo

28、r many countries already quoted and application. although in the mid 1970s, the oil crisis made the container transportation development slowed, but this one phase development period is longer, especially many new craft, new machinery, new box, new ship type and modern management, are at this stage

29、emerged, the world container to multimodal transport direction also breeds at this stage, we can call it among container transport development stage （3）container transportation mature stage ( after 1984) in 1984, after the world shipping market from the effects of the oil crisis, start from the vall

30、ey bottom, container shipping back onto the steady development of road. the data shows, the developed countries break-bulk transport of containerization degree has more than 80%. according to statistics, by 1998 world about all kinds of container ship 6,800 more ships with load of volume reaches 579

31、 million teu. container transport has been spread all over the world all shipping countries, along with the container transportation mature. world sea shipment of containerization has an irresistible trend of development container transportation mature features is mainly manifested in the following

32、two aspects: (1) the hardware and software of complete set technology of more perfect. trunk full container ships to full automation, large-scale development, there appeared a 2500 4000teu the third and fourth generations of container ship. some big shipping companies use large ships organized globa

33、l routes. in order to adapt to the large vessels and handling needs, large harbor, high speed. automation crane also have been further developed. in order to make container from the port to inland outspread, some advanced countries to inland transportation highways, railways and transit stations and

34、 vehicles, ships had a lot of accessory construction. in transport management, with more perfect of international law and international management gradually formed, realized the management methods of scientific management means modernization. some advanced countries have already from the original is

35、 limited to port management development for and port related departments networking integrated information management, some big company already can through communication satellite worldwide for container executes tracking management. from the advanced countries container transportation complete tech

36、nology for development multimodal transport have laid a good foundation. (2) began to enter into the multimodal transport and door to door transportation stage. realize various transportation means combined transport is the development direction of modern transportation and container transportation

37、in this aspect has a unique advantage. advanced countries due to establish and perfect the container integrated transportation system, make container transport through the traditional transportation means port, to the port concept, the comprehensive utilization of various transportation means advant

38、age, for owner to provide door to door high-quality transportation service, thus make container transportation advantage into full play. the door to door transport is a complicated system engineering, integrated transport internationally advanced countries in order to develop the container transport

39、ation, took this as specialized subject, and cultivate a large number of container transportation senior management personnel, business personnel and operator, make container transportation in theory and practice are gradually consummation. 2.organization (1)source organization according to a nation

40、al about developing container transportation, container of mating box loan source, some issues regulations stipulated in the optimum lcl for 12 categories, namely, electricity, instruments, small mechanical glass ceramics, handicraft, prints and paper, medicine, food, daily necessities, tobacco chem

41、ical, needles textiles and hardware and etc., groceries, precious, fragile, afraid of the wet goods all belong to container transport goods, container sources from transportation organization is divided into fcl and lcl cargo two kinds. fcl refers to consignor must use alone a container cargo, fcl i

42、s responsible by the consignor packing t count and the closure. lcl cargo refers to two or more consignor cargo in a container cargo, lcl shipment handling by the carrier or transportation agency responsible for two daily supply organizational work to keep the normal supply of organizational work, f

43、or the organization reasonable transport, make full use of the existing equipment ability; has the extremely vital significance for the daily supply organization goods type, quantity, flow direction, time has certain request. for no with varieties of goods are to be detailed understanding of its siz

44、e, shape, weight and needs of container type and quantity etc; in flow to put forward the goods arrive station, port, order organizing assembles goods, in time according to the needs of the transportation operations of the organizational work. daily supply resource organization is a very important and very meticulous work, to production, transportation, pin common cooperate to complete. (2)transport work organization . send homework refers to the hair stood before shipment, incl