（通用版）高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第1部分基礎(chǔ)知識解讀Unit3Scienceandnature（B卷）課后分層集訓(xùn)牛津譯林版必修5

1、unit 3science and nature （b卷)。閱讀理解a（2017濟(jì)南高三模擬)people need to seek out new foods because the world has so many mouths to feed。as of 2015，there are more than seven billion people on earth，according to the united nations.and by 2100 that number may double。feeding all of these people means not only imp

2、roving the way foods are grown，but also finding new sources of nutrition.and that_quest is becoming ever more urgent。if nothing changes，within 35 years，the worlds appetite will be greater than the amount of foods produced。thats according to a report released last year.it was prepared by the global h

3、arvest initiative,a private agriculture group based in washington,d.c.global warming，too，is changing food production.scientists predict that rising temperatures will reduce the growth of important crops like wheats，corns and soybeans。low。income developing countries will be hit the hardest.when harve

4、sts fall,crops become more expensive.and since those foods are also used to feed animals like cows and pigs,meat prices，too，will rise.all over the world，researchers are racing against the clock to figure out how best to feed more people in a fastchanging world.and some surprising ideas have begun to

5、 come up.two years ago,scientists introduced the first burger made from meat grown in a lab。the project cost more than $300，000,but its a start.other researchers are developing seeds that can survive high temperatures and drought。still others are finding ways to improve the genes of meat animals so

6、they produce more meat and can stand the heat。a gloomy （悲觀的） forecast for the planet isnt the only reason to study foods for the future.its a creative quest that will inspire people who can think in new ways about existing plants and animalseven insects.these researchers have used their talents in w

7、ays that even they never would have predicted。【語篇解讀】本文主要講的是在全球變暖的環(huán)境下，人們應(yīng)如何應(yīng)對日益膨脹的人口的溫飽問題。1what do the underlined words “that quest” in paragraph 2 refer to?athe research on foods。bthe increase of population.cthe variety of nutrition.dthe change of appetite.a詞義猜測題.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句及下文的食物研究可知，畫線詞指對食物的研究.2how

8、 does global warming affect low。income developing countries？aincrease meat prices。braise the temperature。creduce the growth of crops。dlead to the high cost of life。ecause a higher price for crops。abacdebcabdecdecabdbceadd細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的整體內(nèi)容可知,全球變暖首先是導(dǎo)致氣溫上升，然后是農(nóng)作物減產(chǎn),從而農(nóng)作物價格上漲，進(jìn)而肉類漲價，最終會導(dǎo)致人們生活成本增加。3what

9、is mainly talked about in paragraph 4?anew ways of farming。bsome great researchers.cprogress in food research。dachievements in lab experiments。c段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段的第二句“and some surprising ideas have begun to come up”并結(jié)合本段的整體內(nèi)容可推知,本段主要講述的是食物研究方面的進(jìn)步.4what will be discussed in the following paragraph?aexamples

10、 of successful food researchers.bdifferent opinions about the future food。cmethods of dealing with global warming.dpossibilities of feeding the present population。a推理判斷題.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“these researchers have used their talents in ways that even they never would have predicted并結(jié)合本段的整體內(nèi)容可推知，下文會舉一些成功的食物研究

11、者的例子。b(2017合肥高三檢測）blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have existed on the planet，and they can grow to a length of 100 feet and weigh more than 330，000 pounds。but recently researchers have found that these whales are on the move and they have migrated from california waters to areas off

12、 canada and alaska for the first time since commercial whaling ended in 1965.the researchers identified 15 blue whales that have appeared off the coast of british columbia and the gulf of alaska since 1997.four of these whales were recognized as ones that were once sighted off california shores，sugg

13、esting that the whales are returning to an old migration pattern between the coasts。before commercial whaling began in the early 1900s，blue whales were found widely throughout the north pacific and california waters。but from the 1920s to the 1960s，whaling severely reduced the whale populations.blue

14、whales never recovered in the north pacific，making sightings in this area rare。however,much larger groups of whales have been observed close to california since the 1970s。the scientists had previously thought that the california population was separate from the population that had historically lived

15、 in the north pacific waters.but the current study shows that whales off the coast of british columbia and the gulf of alaska are likely part of the california population.to identify the blue whales，the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the north pacific ocean and compared them with

16、 a library of blue whale pictures taken along the west coast of the united states and southern pacific。up to now,the researchers are not quite sure why the whales are changing their migration patterns,but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north by the changes in

17、 ocean conditions.【語篇解讀】本文主要講的是藍(lán)鯨的遷移以及有可能引起遷移的原因。5according to the passage，blue whales are _afollowing a fixed route of migrationbdying out due to commercial whalingcmoving from the south to the northdrarely found in the southern pacificc推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“the whales may be following their food movi

18、ng farther north”可推出,藍(lán)鯨正從南向北移動。故選c。6the whale population in the north pacific _ais different from the california populationbis probably part of the california populationchas become the largest group since the 1970sdhas lived there since the 1960sb細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“but the current study shows that whales

19、 off the coast of british columbia and the gulf of alaska are likely part of the california population。”可知，選b。7the underlined word “cetaceans” in paragraph 5 probably means _aland creaturesbwhale speciescocean conditionsdmigration patternsb詞義猜測題.根據(jù)第五段中的“to identify the blue whales，the researchers lo

20、oked at photos of cetaceans taken in the north pacific ocean”可知,為了辨認(rèn)藍(lán)鯨，研究者看在北太平洋拍攝的有關(guān)cetaceans的照片，所以cetaceans應(yīng)該指的是鯨類。故選b。8what might make blue whales migrate according to the researchers？acommercial whaling。bweather conditions。clife reproduction.dfood resources.d推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“but they suspect that

21、the whales may be following their food moving farther north”可知，研究者懷疑藍(lán)鯨有可能跟隨著它們的食物向北移動。故選d。.完形填空（2017廣東揭陽一中高三階段考試 ）on an airplane as she was flying across the united states，dr.jane goodall noticed a woman sitting next to her。she asked the woman why she was so tired，and the woman said she was absolute

22、ly_1_because shed been up at two in the morning trying to _2_the water.her young daughter was in an environmental group at school and her daughters passion had turned to making sure her_3_was eco.friendly。they were staying at the womans brothers house the night before her trip，and in the middle of t

23、he night her daughter woke up to the _4_of a dripping faucet（水龍頭）the daughter asked for_5_turning it off as the faucet handle was _6_ 。the only way to _7_the leak was to dig to the pipe in the front lawn to find the main valve to turn the water off，and her daughter wouldnt go to sleep until the leak

24、 stopped。so at two in the morning _8_in the family was out in the yard helping to _9_to turn off the water。young people have much more _10_to start and accomplish changes than what _11_may believe。when children make a change in their lives，families are _12_along to become environmentally friendly.th

25、e story also shows that _13_ actions can have a big impact。we _14_to think about _15_events like clean and green week。instead,a lot of small changes can make a （n）_16_ 。if hundreds or thousands of students _17_their families to turn off the tap to save water，move the air conditioning temperature_18_

26、a degree or two in summer，_19_less and make other environment。mentally.friendly changes，the _20_family may change its behaviors.【語篇解讀】本文主要講述了一個小女孩在學(xué)校是愛護(hù)環(huán)境小組的成員，一天在凌晨兩點她聽到了水龍頭滴答的聲音，醒來之后一看是水龍頭的把手壞了，無法關(guān)上水管，于是她就說服家里人起來一起幫她挖通往總閥門的管道，以便切斷水源.小女孩的激情已經(jīng)感染她的家人也變得愛護(hù)環(huán)境了。通過這件事說明小行動也能有很大的影響,許多小的變化也能起重要的作用。1a.exhau

27、stedbdelightedcsaddangrya根據(jù)本句前面的暗示詞“tired”和下文的描述可知這個婦女在凌晨兩點就起來想法關(guān)水龍頭，所以她絕對非常疲倦（exhausted精疲力竭的）。所以a項符合語境之意.2a.turn onbturn offctake alongdbring along b根據(jù)第二段的描述和暗示詞“turn the water off可知此處的意思是凌晨兩點起來關(guān)（turn off）水管.故選b。3a。motherbfamilycschooldgroupb根據(jù)第8空處的暗示詞“everyone in the family”可知因她的小女兒在學(xué)校是愛護(hù)環(huán)境小組的成員，她

28、女兒的激情已經(jīng)感染她的家人(family）也變得愛護(hù)環(huán)境了。故選b.4a。soundbvoicecrhymedmusica根據(jù)下文的語境可知在半夜她女兒醒了是因為聽到了水龍頭滴答的聲音(sound)。故選a。5a.advicebpleasurechelpdtroublec根據(jù)下文可知本句的意思該是“女兒請求幫助(help)她把水龍頭給關(guān)上，因為水龍頭的把手壞了?！惫蔬xc。6a.openedbthrowncdroppeddbrokend根據(jù)下文可知本句的意思該是“女兒請求幫助她把水龍頭給關(guān)上,因為水龍頭的把手壞了（broken )?！惫蔬xd.7a.stopbpreventcholddcuta根據(jù)

29、本句后面的暗示詞“the leak stopped”可知本句的意思是“阻止(stop）漏水的唯一方法是朝著前面草坪里的管子挖，來找切斷水源的主閥門，而且她女兒直到止住漏水才去睡覺。故選a。8a.someonebanyoneceveryonedno onec根據(jù)上文可知此句的意思該是“于是在凌晨兩點家里的每一個人（everyone）都到外面的院子里幫助挖水管.” 故選c.9a.fixbdigcmenddfitb根據(jù)上文可知此句的意思該是“為了切斷水源，于是在凌晨兩點家里的每一個人都到外面的院子里幫助挖(dig)水管.” 故選b。10a.powerbtimecenthusiasmdwisdoma根

30、據(jù)下文可知本句的意思應(yīng)該是“年輕人開始并完成改變的力量(power）比成年人可以相信的要大得多.” 故選a。11a。officialsbteenagerscteachersdadultsd根據(jù)上下文的語境和常識可知年輕人該和成年人相比，所以此句該譯成“年輕人開始并完成改變的力量比成年人(adults）可以相信的要大得多. 故選d。12a.savedbpraisedcseatedddraggedd根據(jù)上文家里人的參與可知本句應(yīng)該譯成“當(dāng)孩子們在他們的生活中做出改變的時候，家里人也被帶領(lǐng)著（drag along隨從、拖帶、帶領(lǐng)）變得愛護(hù)環(huán)境了.” 故選d。13a.importantbsmallcu

31、nnecessarydchildrensb根據(jù)下文的暗示詞“big”和上下文的語境可知本句的意思應(yīng)該是“這個故事也表明小（small）行動能有很大的影響.” 故選b。14a.planbtendcattemptdmeanb根據(jù)下文可知本句的意思應(yīng)該是“我們傾向（tend to）考慮像清潔周和綠色周這樣的大事件。” 故選b。15a。newbtraditionalcbigdsocialc根據(jù)下句的關(guān)鍵詞instead(相反)和small可知此句的意思應(yīng)該是“我們傾向考慮像清潔周和綠色周這樣的大(big)事件?！?故選c。16a。livingbdifferenceceffortdfortuneb根據(jù)上句的意思可知本句的意思應(yīng)該是“相反，許多小的變化也能起重要的作用（make a difference有影響，起重要