初中8種基本時(shí)態(tài)講解

1、英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)8種基本時(shí)態(tài)講解一.概念：英語(yǔ)中表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同 的動(dòng)詞形式表示，這種不同的動(dòng)詞形式稱(chēng)為時(shí)態(tài)。2 .種類(lèi)：（基本時(shí)態(tài)）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)3 .用法：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：1） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)及客觀(guān)現(xiàn)實(shí)和普遍真理。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常以動(dòng)詞原形表示，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞詞 尾加-s或-es。2）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+v .（包括be動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)+she is an engineer.he has breakfast at 6:00every day.3）注意：a）一般現(xiàn)在日t通常

2、與 always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a week等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。i always watch tv at 8:00 in the evening .they go home once a week .we usually do our homework at home .b）表客觀(guān)現(xiàn)實(shí)或普遍真理。the sun always rises in the east .the light travels faster than the sound .c）表永遠(yuǎn)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。he lives in the country

3、 .4）第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)變化形式。a）一般情況動(dòng)t在詞尾加-s .come-comesspeak-speakswork-workslive-livesb）以o, s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的單詞在詞后加-es.do-doesgo-goesfinish-finishesbrush-brushesfix-fixespass-passeswatch-watchesc）以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單詞變y為i加-es.study-studies carry-carries cry-criesd）以“元音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-s.play-playsstay-stays例句：我們每天晚上九點(diǎn)做作業(yè)。

4、我在早上七點(diǎn)半起床。他每天七點(diǎn)去上班。我們經(jīng)常下午打籃球。他喜歡音樂(lè)。地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)?；疖?chē)六點(diǎn)出發(fā)5)否定句和疑問(wèn)句。a)he is an engineer.he isn t an engineer.is he an engineer?yes, he is ./ no, he isd t.b)-we get up at 7:30 in the morning .we don t get up at 7:30 in the morning .do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ?yes, we do. / no, we do t.c)he likes mus

5、ic.he doesn t like music.does he like music?yes ,he does./ no, he doesn t .2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)1) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days等連用。i was a student 6years ago.i went to beijing last year.they saw a film last night .2)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+v .過(guò)去時(shí)+賓語(yǔ)+例句：昨天他很忙。去年他

6、抽煙了。兩年前他去參軍了。他在1990年去世了。3)否定句和疑問(wèn)句。a)he was busy yesterday.he wasn t busy.was he busy?yes, he was./ no, he wasn t.b)-he smoked last year.he didn t smoke last year.did he smoke last year?yes ,he did ./no ,he didn t.c)-he joined the army in 1990.he didn t joined the army in 1990.did he join the army in

7、 1990?yes ,he did ./no ,he didn t.4)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則。a)一般情況下的詞加-ed.work-workedcallcalledlaughlaughedexplainexplainedfinishfinishedknock-knocked b）以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-d .livelivedchange-changedsmoke-smokeddiediedgraduate-graduateddrive-drovec）以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i加-ed.studystudied carrycarried crycriedtry-tried

8、marry-marriedd）以“元音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-ed.play- played stay-stayede）以“一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的單詞應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加-ed.stopstoppedplanplannedpatpattedf）動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化：do-didgo-wentcome-came run-ranwrite-wrotebeginbegan drink-drank keepkept leave-left sleeps leptmake-madelie-laydig-dugeat-ateknow-knewcut-cutset-setlet-letre

9、ad-read hurt-hurt例句：我前天拿走了這本書(shū)。去年我買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)。每天晚上我聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。她通常待在家里。兩天前我完成了這項(xiàng)工作復(fù)習(xí)：1) i (be) a teacher 2 years ago.2) he (be) a student now.3) he (do) his homework at home every day.4) they (join) the party in 1998.5) we (not eat) apples yesterday.6) we(not play) basketball every day.7) he(not go ) home once a

10、 week.8) i am 16 years old.蒯線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))9) i go to work at 8:00 every morning.(戈ij線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))10) they joined the party in 1990.儂j線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))11) i went to beijing last year.(劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)1)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next sunday, soon, in a few day/連 用。2)句型結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+ will/shall + v.原形+

11、(第一人稱(chēng)用shall)i shall go to shanghai tomorrow.they will have a meeting next week.- -she will be 20 years old.- -will she be 20 years old?- -yes, she will./ no, she won t .3)主語(yǔ) + will/shall +丫.原形 + 一-be(am, is, are)going tothey will have a meeting next sunday.(will=are going to )- -what will they do ne

12、xt sunday ?- -when will they have a meeting?4) be about to+ v.原形i am about to leave school.不能與表示時(shí)間的副詞連用。they are about to set out.v)they are about to set out soon.()復(fù)習(xí)題：1 .he (do) his homework at school every day.2 .they (finish) their work yesterday.3 .we (visit) their farm next year.4 .我半小時(shí)后要吃午飯。5

13、 .他將騎自行車(chē)去學(xué)校。6 .他們下周日將去買(mǎi)汽車(chē)。4 .過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是立足于過(guò)去某時(shí)，從過(guò)去的觀(guān)點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 或狀態(tài)。主要用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) +would/should was/were going to +v原形 + he said that he would have a meeting next week.(he says that he will nave a meeting next week.)they said we should leave school tomorrow.(they say we shall leave school tom

14、orrow.)5 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。通常與now,at present等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ) +be(am, is, are)+ v-ing +you are listening to me carefully now.she is writing a letter this year.look! they are dancing.we are studying english at present .it s raining hard now.3)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成一般動(dòng)詞直接在詞后加-ingdo - doing read - rea

15、dingwork - working think - thinkingstudy - studying go - goingwatch - watching jump - jumping 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先去掉e然后加-inglike liking take taking leave leaving live livingreceive - receiving dance - dancingcome - coming smoke - smokingwrite - writing以“一個(gè)元音字母+ 一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加-ingstop - stop

16、ping begin - beginningdig diggingswim swimmingrun runningsit sitting(注意：listen listening open opening eat eatingrain - raining sleep - sleeping)4)6 .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，通常與at 6:00yesterday, at this/ that time yesterday, when i 導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等連用。2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ) +be (was/were) +v- ing +1. it was raining a

17、t 7:00 the day before yesterday.2. they were building a reservoir at this time last winter.3. we were reading when the teacher came in.we werent reading-were you reading-what were you doing when the teacher came in.3) 例句1.前天那個(gè)時(shí)候tom正在看電影。2 .上周日四點(diǎn)我們正在游泳。3 .師看見(jiàn)我們時(shí)我們正在玩撲克。4 . i(do) my homework yesterday.5 . he(do) his homework at 5:00 yesterday.6 . he(do) his homework now.7 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1) 1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響2.表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間已經(jīng)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)通常與下歹!j時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 up to now, in the past, recently, by,for 5 years, since 1994, so far, already,