北京地區(qū)高三英語語法不定式新課標(biāo)

1、THE INFINITIVE (Senior Grammar) 1.不定式的形式不定式的形式 不定式通常由不定式符號不定式通常由不定式符號 “to +動詞原形動詞原形”構(gòu)成，構(gòu)成， 比如動詞比如動詞 write 的不定式的不定式 就是就是 to write。不定式也有。不定式也有 時態(tài)和語態(tài)。例如時態(tài)和語態(tài)。例如: eg.I have a lot of work to do. eg.She has no need to be worrying. eg.He is said to have left Shanghai. eg.The president was reported to have

2、been flying across the Atlantic. 2.不定式的時態(tài): 3.不定式的語態(tài)： The matter to be discussed at the meeting is a hard nut to crack. They were all waiting for the gate to be opened. He is sure to have been taught by a good musician. Im sorry for the article not to have been finished in time. 不定式常常帶有自己的賓語，不定式常常帶有自

3、己的賓語， 賓語賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語或狀語，帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語或狀語，帶有 這些成分的不定式統(tǒng)稱為這些成分的不定式統(tǒng)稱為“不不 定式結(jié)構(gòu)定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。 3.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)不定式結(jié)構(gòu) eg.He began to study Russian. eg.He wanted to send me a gift. eg.He began to feel sad. It continued to rain heavily. He decided to live in the countryside. 4.不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式 不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式的否定形式通常是在 不定式符號之前加不定式符號之前加

4、 not, never 等否定詞。等否定詞。 We decided not to buy the house. She wished never to see them again. She was told not to be worrying any more. I understand him not to have left here. 5.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以作主不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以作主 語，賓語，補(bǔ)語，表語，定語，賓語，補(bǔ)語，表語，定 語和狀語。語和狀語。 As the subject: eg.To give good service is

5、 our duty. eg.To clean the room once a week is necessary. eg.To develop agriculture is very important. eg.To meet you is a great pleasure. 不定式作主語通常的用法是不定式作主語通常的用法是 在主語的位置上放個在主語的位置上放個“it”, 而把作主語的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)后而把作主語的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)后 置。因此，以上四個句子可置。因此，以上四個句子可 以分別改為：以分別改為： It is our duty to give good service. It is necess

6、ary to clean the room once a week. It is very important to develop agriculture. It is a great pleasure to meet you. As the predictive: 不定式作表語有兩種情況不定式作表語有兩種情況: 主語和表語都是不定式主語和表語都是不定式 eg.To protect forests is to keep natural balance. eg. To promise too much is to promise nothing. 主語通常是由主語通常是由hope, idea,

7、 job, plan, mistake, suggestion, wish, work等詞充當(dāng)?shù)仍~充當(dāng). eg.The poor girls wish was to buy a pair of warm shoes. eg.His suggestion was to make a fire. eg.What he would say was to call a meeting. As the object: 能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語的動詞, 常見的有 agree, ask, beg, begin, decide, expect, forget, hate, hope, learn, like, m

8、ean, offer, plan, prefer, refuse, promise, remember, try, want, wish等. eg.They decided to move to Shanghai immediately. eg.She prefered to live in the countryside. eg.I have forgotten to bring my umbrella. eg.The children begged to come with us. eg. It means that every athletes should try to run fas

9、ter. 如果作賓語的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)之后 帶有賓補(bǔ), 就得用 “it” 作形式 賓語并把不定式結(jié)構(gòu)放到賓補(bǔ) 的后面。 eg.Quite a lot of students find it difficult to master English. eg.Do you think it possible for him to complete his studies in two years time? 作賓語用的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)之前還 可以帶有疑問詞。 eg.Have you decided when to go? eg.The little girl forgot what to say. eg.I d

10、ont know which to choose. 這種結(jié)構(gòu)還可以在句中作直接 賓語。 eg.He asked me how to pronounce the word. eg.He didnt tell me what to do next. eg.We showed them how to repair the car. eg.He promised me to get a doctor for my daughter. As the object complement: 在主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)句型中，不 定式結(jié)構(gòu)可作賓語補(bǔ)語。 eg.She told me to get up early.

11、eg.Id love them to come tonight. eg.We think him to be an outstanding scientist. eg.I advised him to see a doctor immediately. 在 feel, hear, see, listen to, notice, watch, let, make, have 等動詞之后， 不定式通常不帶 to。 eg.I saw a boy climb over the fence. eg.We all felt the house shake. eg.I wont let you go alo

12、ne. eg.We will have Tom help group A. 但若這些動詞用于被動語態(tài)， 其后的不定式就需要帶 “to”. eg.A boy was seen to climb to his mother. eg.The clock was heard to strike twelve. eg.He worked hard to catch up with his class mates. As the adverbial 不定式作狀語可以表示目的， 結(jié)果，原因等意義。 a.表示目的 eg.He went home to see his brother. eg.To study

13、the political situation in Russia, Marx began to learn Russian at the age of fifty. 為了加強(qiáng)語勢，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)還可 以用 in order to /so as to 來引導(dǎo)。 eg.The old man put on his glasses in order to /so as to see the object more clearly. eg.In order to get the money for higher education, he did a lot of odd jobs. b.表示結(jié)果 不定

14、式結(jié)構(gòu)表示結(jié)果常用于 下列形式： eg.He is so careless as to get everything out of order. eg.He is such a fool as to think that everybody else is afraid of him. eg.Its too late for us to go home. eg.She was too tired to work on. 此外，還可以在句尾用(only) to表示一種出乎預(yù)料的（通 常是不愉快的）結(jié)果。 eg.I hurried to the station only to find that

15、the train had left. eg.He got to the airport (only) to be told that the flight was cancelled. c.表示原因 eg.He was sad to hear the news. eg.She seemed surprised to meet us. eg.Im sorry to have made the mistake. eg.Im glad for you to have finished the work so soon. Exercises Rewrite the sentences, using

16、the infinitive: Model: You are very kind to me. You have done me a great favour. Its very kind of you to have done me a great favour. 1.I was sorry when I heard that. 2.He wanted to become a physicist. That was his wish. 3.They hurried to the station.They wanted to catch the first train for Nanjing.

17、 4.The boy was very young. He couldnt understand all this. 5.The temperature is not high enough. It cant melt the metal. 6.Would you open the window? I want to let in some fresh air. 7.He was nervous. He dared not speak to such a large audience. 8.The first guest who arrived was Uncle Tom. 9.Is ther

18、e anything urgent that I should do this afternoon? 10.All of us were delighted when we heard of the good news. 11.A child must have a ten-hour sleep a day. It is very important. 12.We were told that we must hand in our compositions by the weekend. 13.We cant finish the work in a weeks time. It is im

19、possible. Translate the following sentences into English: 1河太寬了，我們游不過去。 2你必須記住給我母親打電話。 3是我們準(zhǔn)備考試的時候了。 4今天你有要洗的衣服嗎？ 5那個賊跑得太快，沒有被捉住。 6你有必要親自處理這件事嗎？ 7天氣太冷，孩子們不能去游泳。 8他沒有料到能在比賽中得了第 一名。 9我不想讓你整天為孩子們的教 育發(fā)愁。 10他趕到電影院，不料票賣光了。 11他討厭人們拿他取笑。 12我希望得到另一次機(jī)會。 13他們不讓參觀者拍攝展品的 照片。 14沒有必要由你一個人解決這個 問題。 15瑪麗不喜歡人們奉承她。 The

20、 Answers to the Exercises 1.I was sorry to hear that. 2.His wish was to become a physicist. 3.They hurried to the station to catch the first train for Nanjing. 4.The boy was too young to understand all this. 5.The temperature is not high enough for the metal to be melted 6.Would you open the window

21、to let in some fresh air? 7.He was too nervous to speak to such a large audience. 8.The first guest to arrive was Uncle Tom. 9.Is there anything urgent for me to do this afternoon? 10.All of us were delighted to hear of the news. 11.Its very important for a child to have a ten-hour sleep a day. 12.We were told to hand in our compositions by the weekend. 13.It is impossible for us to finish the work in a weeks time. 1.The river is too wide for us to swim across. 2.You must remember to