高考英語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞

1、語(yǔ)法專題六形容詞和副詞 考點(diǎn)解析 一. 形容詞與副詞的基本用法 1. 形容詞的作用 (1) 用作定語(yǔ), 當(dāng)修飾由不定代詞 one, no, any, some 和 every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞, 如 anything, something 時(shí), 通常放在所修飾的詞后. 如: Sheis a beautiful girl. I havesomething interesting to tell you. (2). 用作表語(yǔ), 與連系動(dòng)詞 be, grow, get, become, feel, appear prove, seem, look, keep, smell, taste, sound,

2、turn, remain 等連用. 如: Thedesk is clean. Theweather is getting warmer and warmer. (3). 用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ). 如: Thenews madeevery one happy. I think it very interesting. (4). 與定冠詞連用表示某一類人或物, 在句中可作主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ). 如: Therich and the poor live very different lives. (5). 作狀語(yǔ), 表示伴隨狀況, 原因, 結(jié)果等.如: He went to bed, cold and hungry

3、. Mr. White stared into the distance, speechless for amoment. 2. 副詞的作用 (1). 副詞一般在句中作狀語(yǔ), 修飾動(dòng)詞, 形容詞, 副詞或整個(gè)句子. 如: He had worked hard all his life. (修飾動(dòng)詞) He is very diligent. (修飾形容詞) You can find books on that subject quite easily. (修飾副詞) Luckily shewas in when I called. (修飾句子) (2). 副詞還可作表語(yǔ). 如: Oneof t

4、he trees is down. Thetrain is not in yet. (3). 有時(shí)副詞還可用作定語(yǔ), 一般放在所修飾詞的后面, 也可放在前面. 如: Thepopulation hereis getting smaller and smaller. On my way home, I saw an old lady. (4). 間或副詞也構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ). 如: I saw you out with Mr Wang yesterday. (5). 表示位置的副詞常與動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ), 有特定的意思. 如 pick out, turn up, think over 等. 二. 形容詞與副

5、詞的比較等級(jí) 形容詞和副詞比較級(jí), 最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成: 1. 單音節(jié)形容詞以及少數(shù)以-er, -ow 結(jié)尾的形容詞和副詞加-er/-est. 如:great, narrow, fast, clever. 2. 以 e 結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞和副詞后以及少數(shù)以-ble, -ple 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞后, 加-r/-st. 如:large, able, simple. 3. 以一個(gè)輔音結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞, 其前的元音字母發(fā)短元音時(shí), 該輔音字母要雙寫, 然后加 -er/-est. 如:hot, big, begin. 4. 以輔音加-y 結(jié)尾的形容詞和少數(shù)不是形容詞加-ly 構(gòu)成的副詞要將 y 改為

6、 i, 再加-er/-est.如 easy, heavy, early. 5. 一般雙音節(jié)詞, 多音節(jié)形容詞和副詞在原級(jí)前加 more 或 most. 如:beautiful, careful. 6. 少數(shù)單音節(jié)形容詞也加 more 和 most 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí). 如:tired, pleased. 7. 下列形容詞, 副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)可有兩種構(gòu)成方法. cruel crueler, cruelest/morecruel, most cruel often strict oftener, oftenest/moreoften, most often stricter, strictes

7、t/morestrict, most strict friendlyfriendlier, friendliest/more friendly, most friendly 8. 下列形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成是不規(guī)則的. good, well better best bad, ill many, much little worse more less worst most least farfarther, farthest/further, furthest oldelder, eldest/older, oldest 9. 多音節(jié)形容詞和副詞在變?yōu)楸容^級(jí)或最高級(jí)時(shí), 在前邊加 m

8、ore, most, 也可加 less, least, 這兩種 方式所構(gòu)成的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)意思相反. 如: Of the two toys, hechosethemoreexpensive. 在兩個(gè)玩具中, 他選擇了較貴的那一個(gè). Of the two toys, hechosetheless expensive. 在兩個(gè)玩具中, 他選擇了不太貴的那一個(gè). 三. 復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成 1. 形容詞詞干+名詞+-ed kind-hearted (好心的) 2. 形容詞詞干+形容詞詞干red-hot(熾熱的), dark-blue(深藍(lán)的) 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 形容詞詞干+現(xiàn)在分詞 o

9、rdinary-looking(長(zhǎng)相一般的) 副詞詞干+現(xiàn)在分詞 hard-working(勤勞的), quick-firing (速射的) 副詞詞干+過去分詞 hard-won(得來不易的), newly-made(新建的) 名詞詞干+形容詞詞干 life-long(終身的), world-famous(世界聞名的) 名詞詞干+現(xiàn)在分詞 peace-loving(愛好和平的) 名詞詞干+過去分詞 snow-covered(白雪覆蓋的), hand made(手工的) 9. 數(shù)詞詞干+名詞+-edfour-storeyed(四層的), three-legged(三條腿的) 10. 數(shù)詞詞干+名

10、詞詞干 ten-year(十年的), two-man(二人的) 形名詞基本用法例表如下: 形容詞的位置 1修飾 some, any, every, no 和 body, thing,one 等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí), 放其后. nobodyabsent,everything possible 2 only 修飾的名詞之后. 以-able, -ible 結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級(jí)或 The best book available, the only solution possible 3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep 等可以后 the only person

11、awake 置. 4 5 6 和空間, 時(shí)間單位連用時(shí), 可后置. 成隊(duì)的形容詞可以后置. 形容詞短語(yǔ)一般后置. a bridge 50 meters long a huge room simple and beautiful A man difficult to get on with 多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞的順序 代 詞數(shù)詞性狀 形容 詞 名 詞 詞 冠 詞 冠詞 前 的 示代詞 不 形 容 定代詞 代 詞所有格 指 序數(shù) 詞 基數(shù) 詞 性質(zhì) 狀 l 形 狀 大 小 新舊 長(zhǎng) 短 溫度 顏色國(guó)籍 產(chǎn)地 材料 質(zhì)地 all both such the this another your s

12、econd next one four beautiful good poor large good poor new cool black yellow Chinese London silk stone 高考示例 【例一】2005 江蘇高考 -How is everything going on with you in Europe? -Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped._. A. though B. instead C. either D. too 提示:Quite well 與 Not so smoothly as I hoped 前后語(yǔ) 意

13、相反, 所以應(yīng)該填表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的副詞 答案:A 【例二】2005 北京高考 This _girl is Lindas cousin. A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. Little pretty Spanish 提示:多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí), 其順序?yàn)? 限定詞-數(shù)詞- 描繪詞-(大小,長(zhǎng)短, 形狀, 新舊, 顏色)-出處-材料性 質(zhì), 類別-名詞. 答案:A though 既可用作連詞, 也 可用作副詞, 作副詞時(shí)常用于 句末, 表示轉(zhuǎn)折. 多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一名詞時(shí), 越接

14、近名詞本質(zhì)的形容詞, 越 靠近所修飾的名詞. 【例三】2005 浙江高考 Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen _this year. A. the best B. better C. the most D. more 提示: “我從沒有看到過更好的,” 二者比較用 better. 答案:B 【例四】2005 福建高考 -Why didnt you buy the camera you had longed for? -I had planned to , buy I was 50 _ A. fewer B. l

15、ess C. cheap D. short 提示:語(yǔ)意為 “我還缺 50 英鎊”. short 意為 “不足的； 缺少的”,是形容詞作后置定語(yǔ). 答案:D 【例五】2005 江西高考 -Must I turn off the gas after cooking? A. enough B. too C. so D. very 提示:can never(cant)too意為 “再怎么也不 過份”. 對(duì)比較級(jí)的用法, 要分清是兩 者相比較, 還是多者相比較. 即要分清用比較級(jí)還是最高 級(jí). 形容詞用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要考慮與之 搭配的名詞的情況. 要搞清楚每個(gè)形容詞和副詞的 準(zhǔn)確含義, 同時(shí)也要注意它們 -O

16、f course. You can never be _careful with that. 在一些固定詞組或短語(yǔ)中的用 法. 答案:B 觸類旁通 1. The performer was waving his stick in the street and it _missed the child standing nearly. A. narrowly B. nearly C. hardly D. closely 2. Our parents always get a little bit _if we dont manage to arrive when we say we will.

17、A. eager B. anxious C. patient D. earnest 3. These natural parks are very important for preserving many animals, which would _run the risk of becoming extinct. A. otherwise B. therefore C. besides D. however 4. Its _that he said: “I am _to help you.” -Dont take it seriously. He is always playing tha

18、t trick. A. sure; sure B. certain; certain C. sure; certain D. certainly; surely 5. We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _ A. well; wellB. badly; badC. bad; badlyD. well; bad 6. We planned to go to the seaside for the weekend, but because of the bad weather we had to stay at home _. A. however B. though C. really D. instead 7. -English is too boring, madam. I cant simply remember a word of it.