被動(dòng)語態(tài),過式過分歸類

1、AAA型型 cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-put read-read-read beat-beat-beat/beaten ABB型型 buy-bought-bought fight-fought-fought think-thought-thought bring-brought-brought catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught feed-fed-fed meet-met-met lay-laid-laid pay-paid-paid say-said-

2、said tell-told-told sell-sold-sold send-sent-sent spend-spent-spent build-built-built sweep-swept-swept keep-kept-kept get-got-got/gotten forget-forgot-forgot/forgotten feel-felt-felt spell-spelt/spelled-spelt/spelled find-found-found hang-hung-hung have/has-had-had hear-heard-heard hold-held-held l

3、ead-led-led learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned leave-left-left lie(撒謊）撒謊）-lied-lied lose-lost-lost make-made-made sit-sat-sat show-showed-showed/shown stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood win-won-won mean-meant-meant ABA型型 come-came-come become-became-become run-ran-run ABC型型 give-gav

4、e-given drive-drove-driven see-saw-seen take-took-taken throw-threw-thrown grow-grew-grown know-knew-known eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen ring-rang-rung swim-swam-swum begin-began-begun drink-drank-drunk write-wrote-written drive-drove-driven ride-rode-ridden bear-bore-born wear-wore-worn speak-spok

5、e-spoken 被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài) 1語態(tài)概述：英語的語態(tài)是通過語態(tài)概述：英語的語態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式的變化動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來表現(xiàn)出來 的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 許多人講漢語。許多人講漢語。 Many people speak Chinese. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對象。表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對象。 由由介詞介詞by引出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。引出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 漢語被許多人講。漢語被許多人講。 Chinese is spoken by

6、 many people. 二二.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 be+ done(過去分詞）過去分詞） 人稱，數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的人稱，數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的 變化是通過變化是通過be的變化的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。表現(xiàn)出來的。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am/is/are+ done We clean the room every day.(變被動(dòng)）變被動(dòng)） The room is cleaned by us every day. 一般過去時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)： was/were +done Mary borrowed the book yesterday.(變被動(dòng)）變被動(dòng)） The book was borrowed b

7、y Mary yesterday. 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí) will/shall be + done They will do much housework tomorrow.（變被動(dòng)）（變被動(dòng)） Much housework will be done by them tomorrow. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has been + done He has watched the movie.(變被動(dòng)）變被動(dòng)） The movie has been watched by him. 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be+done I should return

8、 his pen in time. His pen should be returned in time by me. 三。不用三。不用“by”的情況。的情況。 1.不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道是誰偷的）一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道是誰偷的） Some new computers were stolen last night. 信前天送到這兒了。信前天送到這兒了。 The letter was sent here the day before yesterday. 2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者

9、。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 你們的家庭作業(yè)必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成。你們的家庭作業(yè)必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成。 Your homework must be finished on time。 教室應(yīng)該每天打掃。教室應(yīng)該每天打掃。 Classroom should be cleaned every day. 四。注意以下幾點(diǎn)。四。注意以下幾點(diǎn)。 1.跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 直接賓語和間接賓語都可作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。如直接賓語改直接賓語和間接賓語都可作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。如直接賓語改 為主語時(shí)，間接賓語前要加上介詞為主語時(shí)，間接賓語前要加上介詞to/for. 用用to的動(dòng)詞有的動(dòng)詞有：

10、 give, show, pass, lend, send. return, write等。等。 用用for的動(dòng)詞有的動(dòng)詞有： make, buy, get, mend 等。等。 He gave me an interesting book.(改被動(dòng)）改被動(dòng)） I was given an interesting book. An interesting book was given to me. His mother made him a birthday cake.（改被動(dòng)）（改被動(dòng)） He was made a birthday cake A birthday cake was made

11、 for him. 2.短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，短語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)看做一個(gè)整體，其中的介詞或變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，短語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)看做一個(gè)整體，其中的介詞或 副詞不能丟掉。副詞不能丟掉。 He turns off the lights at 11 pm every day. The lights are turned off at 11pm by him every day. 翻譯：大部分書被贈(zèng)送給了貧窮的學(xué)生們。翻譯：大部分書被贈(zèng)送給了貧窮的學(xué)生們。 Most of the books were given away to the poor students. 3.跟復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞

12、的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。跟復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞 see/hear/feel/ watch/look at/listen to或使役動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞 have/make 的主動(dòng)語態(tài)后跟不帶的主動(dòng)語態(tài)后跟不帶to 的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語， 但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，須轉(zhuǎn)為帶但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，須轉(zhuǎn)為帶to不定式。不定式。 I saw a bag drop from the bus.(被動(dòng)）被動(dòng)） A bag was seen to drop from the bus. she made her baby sleep in her arms.（被動(dòng)）（被動(dòng)） The baby w

13、as made to sleep in her arms. I often hear him sing. He is often heard to sing. 五。不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況五。不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況 1.不及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞短語無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。不及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞短語無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 如：如：come true, happen, take place, die, appear(出現(xiàn)，似乎出現(xiàn)，似乎,） break out（爆發(fā)，突發(fā)）等。（爆發(fā)，突發(fā)）等。 我的夢想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。我的夢想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。 My dream came true. 2.系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 be, become

14、, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good. 3. wash, sell, read, write, open, close等動(dòng)詞有狀語修飾時(shí)，等動(dòng)詞有狀語修飾時(shí)， 用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。 The cloth washes well. 這種布料很好（被）洗。這種布料很好（被）洗。 This new book sells well. 新書很暢銷。（書應(yīng)是被賣）新書很暢銷。（書應(yīng)是被賣） The pen writes smoothly. 這筆寫起來很流暢。這筆寫起來很流暢。(筆是被寫）筆是被寫） The shop opens at 9 am and close