獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)講解及習(xí)題匯編

1、 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的模式是：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的模式是： 主格名詞主格名詞/ /代詞代詞 + + 分詞分詞/ /形容詞形容詞/ /副詞副詞/ /不定式不定式/ /介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ) ( (作邏輯主語(yǔ)）作邏輯主語(yǔ)） （作邏輯謂語(yǔ)）（作邏輯謂語(yǔ)） 1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 2. The question settled, we went home. 3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible. 主格名詞主格名詞/

2、 /代詞代詞 + + 分詞分詞 ( (過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞/ /現(xiàn)在分詞）現(xiàn)在分詞） 主格名詞主格名詞/ /代詞代詞 + + 形容詞形容詞 1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her. 2. Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress. 主格名詞主格名詞/ /代詞代詞 + + 副詞副詞 The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. We to care for the

3、 children, you are able to be carefree away from home. 主格名詞主格名詞/ /代詞代詞 + + 不定式不定式 主格名詞主格名詞/ /代詞代詞 + +介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ) Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式 1 1、邏輯主語(yǔ)、邏輯主語(yǔ)+ +V-ingV-ing 這種構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的這種構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，分詞表示的動(dòng)作不是整句動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，分詞表示的動(dòng)作不是整句 主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的

4、動(dòng)作，而是其邏輯主語(yǔ)發(fā)出主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，而是其邏輯主語(yǔ)發(fā)出 的動(dòng)作。如：的動(dòng)作。如： 1)._no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was A 2)_no bus, we had to walk home. A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was 3)_Sunday, the library doesnt open. A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been 4)_Sund

5、ay, the library doesnt open. A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is B C D 2 2、邏輯主語(yǔ)、邏輯主語(yǔ)+ +V-edV-ed 該構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作承受者。該構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作承受者。 1)1)_, the train started. A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving 2)_, the train started. . A.After having giv

6、en the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given A D 3)_, the text became easier for us to learn. A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words 4)_, the text became easier for us to learn. When new words w

7、ere explained Explaining new words New words explaining A.Being explained new words B A 3、邏輯主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)+形容詞（副詞）形容詞（副詞） 該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)未帶動(dòng)詞的該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)未帶動(dòng)詞的“主主系系表表” 結(jié)構(gòu)。如：結(jié)構(gòu)。如： 1)_, the patient can leave the hospital. A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions 2)_, the

8、patient can leave the hospital. A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions B C 3._, wed like to go outing. A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK 4._, wed like to go outing. A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,

9、B and C 5._, you can wait a while. A.The play being still on B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B B D D 不能省略being (having been)的情形 在下列兩種情況下，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being （或having been）不能省略。 (1) 獨(dú)立主格的邏輯主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因?yàn)槭切瞧谔欤?我們?nèi)チ俗龆Y拜。 (2)在There being名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： There bein

10、g no bus, we had to go home on foot.因 為沒(méi)有公共汽車，所以我們不得不步行回家 二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在整句中可作以下成分：二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在整句中可作以下成分： 1 1、原因狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ) 該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ) 從句。如：從句。如： 1)._ 1)._ no bus, we had to walk home.no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.As there was A.There being B.As there was C.There wa

11、s D.A and B C.There was D.A and B 2)._Sunday, the library doesnt 2)._Sunday, the library doesnt open.open. A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B A D 3._, I had to ask for two days3._, I had to ask for two days leave. leave. A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill C.As mothe

12、r was ill D. A,B and CC.As mother was ill D. A,B and C 4._, we have to work late into 4._, we have to work late into the night.the night. A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D. A,B and C D D 2 2、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由 when, as soon as, after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等引導(dǎo)的

13、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 從句。如：從句。如： 1._, the train started. A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.A and B 2._, the text became easier for us to learn. New words explained B.When new words were explained C.When teacher explained new words D.all the above D D 3、條件狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作條件狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可以改為由獨(dú)立

14、主格結(jié)構(gòu)作條件狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可以改為由if引引 導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如：導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如： 1)._, well go to visit the Great Wall. A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B 2.)_, the patient will recover himself soon. A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C D D 4、伴隨狀

15、語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞 短語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)。如：短語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)。如： 1).We have lessons every day, _. A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above 2).The boy fell asleep,_. A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D. all the above A A 3.Father came home,_

16、 3.Father came home,_ A.a dog following him B. followed by a dog C.being followed by a dog D.all the above D 分詞、獨(dú)立主格和分詞、獨(dú)立主格和“with + with + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”作作 狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with + with + 復(fù)合賓復(fù)合賓 語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中均可作狀語(yǔ)，其區(qū)別是這樣語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中均可作狀語(yǔ)，其區(qū)別是這樣 的：的： 一、分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)是分一、分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)是分 詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即主句主語(yǔ)是

17、分詞的動(dòng)作詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即主句主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作 執(zhí)行者（用現(xiàn)在分詞）或動(dòng)作承受者（用執(zhí)行者（用現(xiàn)在分詞）或動(dòng)作承受者（用 過(guò)去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式）。這種情況過(guò)去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式）。這種情況 下的分詞短語(yǔ)可以改為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或下的分詞短語(yǔ)可以改為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或 并列謂語(yǔ)。并列謂語(yǔ)。 分詞短語(yǔ)在句中常作以下?tīng)钫Z(yǔ)：分詞短語(yǔ)在句中常作以下?tīng)钫Z(yǔ)： 1 1、原因狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ) 1._ 1._late, we had to walk home. late, we had to walk home. A.Being B.As we were A.Being B.As we were C.We bei

18、ng D.A and B C.We being D.A and B 2._ busy, they had no time to 2._ busy, they had no time to play. play. A.As they were B.Being A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the above C.Because they were D.all the above D D 2 2、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 1._ the students homework, the teacher found a lot of mista

19、kes. A.When he was correcting B.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above 2._by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest. A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised D.all the above D D 3 3、條件狀語(yǔ)條件狀語(yǔ) 1._ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper. A.If he is given B.If given C.Given

20、D.all the above 2._ another chance, Ill do my job better. A.If I have B.If having C.Having D.all the above D D 4 4、伴隨狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ) 1.1.Father came back, _ a bag of Father came back, _ a bag of money on his left shoulder.money on his left shoulder. A.carrying B.he was carrying A.carrying B.he was carrying

21、C.and carrying D.all the aboveC.and carrying D.all the above 2.Father came back, _ by a 2.Father came back, _ by a monkey.monkey. A.and he was followed B.followed C.and was followed D.all the above D A 二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with + with + 復(fù)合賓復(fù)合賓 語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，這種結(jié)構(gòu) 內(nèi)部的分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)不內(nèi)部的分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)

22、的邏輯主語(yǔ)不 是整句的主語(yǔ)，即主句主語(yǔ)與分詞的是整句的主語(yǔ)，即主句主語(yǔ)與分詞的 邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致。如：邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致。如： 1._, 1._, wewell go fishing in ll go fishing in the country.the country. A.Permitting weather A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting C.Weather permitting D.PermittingD.Permitting C 2._, he finishe

23、d playing 2._, he finished playing the game of chess.the game of chess. A.His eyes closing A.His eyes closing B.With his eyes closed B.With his eyes closed C.Closed eyes C.Closed eyes D.Closed his eyesD.Closed his eyes 3._, I couldn3._, I couldnt get the book t get the book I wanted.I wanted. A.Clos

24、ed B.Library closed C.Closing library D.With library closing B B 三、使用分詞短語(yǔ)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、三、使用分詞短語(yǔ)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with + with + 復(fù)合復(fù)合 賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)分別在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意：它們與賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)分別在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意：它們與 主句之間不應(yīng)有從屬連詞（如主句之間不應(yīng)有從屬連詞（如when, if, as soon when, if, as soon as, as, whileas, as, while等）或并列連詞（如等）或并列連詞（如and, but, or, and, but, or, soso等）。

25、例如：等）。例如： 1._ 1._ the teacher told the class to go the teacher told the class to go through the text through the text A.Checking the answersA.Checking the answers B.Checking the answers and B.Checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the aboveD.al

26、l the above A 2._a rainy day, so all the 2._a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside.farmers had to stay inside. A.It being B.Being A.It being B.Being C.It was D.all the aboveC.It was D.all the above 3.As_a little sick, he remained 3.As_a little sick, he remained at the clinic.at the clini

27、c. A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above C B 四、在使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、四、在使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with +with +復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu)、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作句子的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一定要看結(jié)構(gòu)、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作句子的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一定要看 句子主語(yǔ)同這些結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯關(guān)系。句子主語(yǔ)同這些結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯關(guān)系。 1 1、當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)與該狀語(yǔ)內(nèi)部動(dòng)詞之間有邏輯、當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)與該狀語(yǔ)內(nèi)部動(dòng)詞之間有邏輯 上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，該狀語(yǔ)可用分詞結(jié)上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，該狀語(yǔ)可用分詞結(jié) 構(gòu)或從句表示。構(gòu)或從句表示。 1)_ 1)_ in thought, he almost ran

28、 into in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. the car in front of him. A.Lost B.As he was lost C.He lost D.A and B D 2)._2)._for the bus at the stop, he for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief.suddenly caught sight of a thief. A.Waiting B.When he was waiting A.Wa

29、iting B.When he was waiting C.As he was waiting D.all the above C.As he was waiting D.all the above 2 2、若句子主語(yǔ)與狀語(yǔ)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞之間不存在邏若句子主語(yǔ)與狀語(yǔ)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞之間不存在邏 輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且狀語(yǔ)內(nèi)有自已的邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且狀語(yǔ)內(nèi)有自已的邏 輯主語(yǔ)。則該狀語(yǔ)不能用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，只能用輯主語(yǔ)。則該狀語(yǔ)不能用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，只能用 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with +with +復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)或從句。復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)或從句。 如：如： D 1.The soldier fell asleep _. A.wit