高中英語定語從句講解匯編

1、 Part 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系代詞用法關(guān)系代詞用法 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 指代指代 在從句中在從句中 的作用的作用 that which who whom whose (=of which) 人物人物 主賓主賓/ /表表 物物 主賓主賓 / /表表 人人 主賓主賓/ /表表 人人賓賓 人物人物 定定 關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞的用法 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞指代指代在從句中的作用在從句中的作用 when (=at/in/on /during which) where (=in/at which) why (=for which) 時間時間時間狀語時間狀語 地點地點地點狀語地點狀語 原因

2、原因 原因狀語原因狀語 定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇： “缺啥補(bǔ)啥缺啥補(bǔ)啥” 看從句中缺少什么成分，從句中缺主語、賓看從句中缺少什么成分，從句中缺主語、賓 語或表語用語或表語用which, who，that ，as或或whom （只做賓語）（只做賓語）. 其中指人時用其中指人時用who,whom,as 。 指物時用指物時用which,that,as。作定語意為作定語意為“的的” 的時候用的時候用whose。作狀語時候用關(guān)系副詞作狀語時候用關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why等。等。 注意：定語從句關(guān)系詞中沒有注意：定語從句關(guān)系詞中沒有how, what Practice

3、1.The man _is talking to me is a friend of my fathers. 2.The school _is famous here has a long history. 3.I live in the house _windows face south. 4.He is such a person_we like very much. that/who that/which whose as 5.I will never forget the day _we were in the country. 6. This is the park _you too

4、k photos last Sunday. 7. That was the reason_he looked old. when/on which where/in which why/for which Part 通常只能使用通常只能使用that 或或which的場合的場合 All _ we have to do is to practice every day. The first lesson _ I learned will never be forgotten that 1.先行詞是不定代詞先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, noth

5、ing, anything等等 that 2.先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級或被序數(shù) 詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時 只用只用that 的場合的場合 I have read all the books _ you gave me. that 3.先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, just, all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修飾時，宜用等修飾時，宜用that. They talked of things and persons _ th

6、ey remembered in the school. 4.先行詞既有人又有物時，宜用先行詞既有人又有物時，宜用that. that Who is the boy _ was here just now? Which is the bike _you lost? 5.當(dāng)主語是以當(dāng)主語是以who/which開頭的特殊疑問句時，開頭的特殊疑問句時， 定定 語從句須用語從句須用that，以免與先行詞重復(fù)，以免與先行詞重復(fù) that that My computer is no longer the machine _it was. 6.當(dāng)定語從句的謂語動詞是當(dāng)定語從句的謂語動詞是be，需要關(guān)系代詞

7、作表語，需要關(guān)系代詞作表語 時，宜用時，宜用that that This is the house in_ Ji Xiaolan used to live. which 1.介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前時，宜用介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前時，宜用which。如。如 for which , on which, in which, of which 等。等。 The experiment is very important , _ indeed it is. 2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，宜用引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，宜用which。 which 只用只用which的場合的場合 Part 限制性定語從句和限制性定語從句和

8、 非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句 1.The man who greeted me is my teacher. ( ) 2.John, who greeted me, is my teacher. ( ) Restrictive Attributive Clause Non-restrictive Attributive Clause 向我打招呼的那個人是我的老師。向我打招呼的那個人是我的老師。 約翰是我的老師。他向我打過招呼。約翰是我的老師。他向我打過招呼。 指出下面兩個句子哪個是限制性定語從句哪個是非指出下面兩個句子哪個是限制性定語從句哪個是非 限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句。 限制性

9、定語從句限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句 形形 式式 不用逗號不用逗號“ “ ，”與主句與主句 隔開隔開 用逗號用逗號“ “ ，”與主句隔開與主句隔開 意意 義義 是先行詞不可缺少的定是先行詞不可缺少的定 語，如刪除，主句則失語，如刪除，主句則失 去意義或意思表達(dá)不完去意義或意思表達(dá)不完 整整 只是對先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，只是對先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明， 如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整 的意思。的意思。 譯譯 法法 譯成先行詞的定語：譯成先行詞的定語： “的的 ” 通常譯成主句的并列句通常譯成主句的并列句 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句和非限制性定語

10、從句的區(qū)別 1.1.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的which可以指代前面的先可以指代前面的先 行詞，也可以指代前面整個句子。行詞，也可以指代前面整個句子。 That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around. 2.2.除除which 外，還可用外，還可用when, where, who, whom等等 關(guān)系副詞或代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。關(guān)系副詞或代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing,

11、 where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 3.在在of which/whom之前可以使用表達(dá)數(shù)量或定位的之前可以使用表達(dá)數(shù)量或定位的 數(shù)詞或代詞。數(shù)詞或代詞。 1. I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health. 2. Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diets. 3. There are 54 student

12、s in my class, three of whom come from the US. 4.非限制性定語從句通常不能用非限制性定語從句通常不能用that引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。 I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜歡這本書，這是昨天買的。我喜歡這本書，這是昨天買的。 5.非限制性定語從句不能用非限制性定語從句不能用why引導(dǎo)要用引導(dǎo)要用for which代代 替替why。 I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. 我已經(jīng)把理由告訴了他們，為此我沒有去開會

13、。我已經(jīng)把理由告訴了他們，為此我沒有去開會。 Part 介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo) 的定語從句的定語從句 介詞介詞+關(guān)系詞的定義關(guān)系詞的定義 定語從句中的介詞可以放在定語從句中，也可提前放于定語從句中的介詞可以放在定語從句中，也可提前放于 關(guān)系詞前，介詞后關(guān)系代詞只能用關(guān)系詞前，介詞后關(guān)系代詞只能用which,whom,且不且不 能省略能省略. He is the person _ you spoke tothat/who/whom He is the person _ you spoke.whom This is the house _ I lived 4y agoin This i

14、s the house _ I lived 4y ago that/which which 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where, why 和介詞和介詞+which之間的關(guān)系之間的關(guān)系 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可以用可以用 適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來替代。來替代。 如：如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 。 1. I wont forget the date on which I was born. 2. This is the room in which I lived. 3.

15、 I dont know the reason for which he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days in which they lived in Tianjin. 5. Hangzhou is the place to which I went last year. 6. I remember the day on which my father died. I was only ten years old at that time. =when =where =why =when =where =when 介詞介詞+

16、關(guān)系詞中介詞的選擇關(guān)系詞中介詞的選擇 The money _ which you were to buy dog food is gone. He will never forget the day _ which he failed in the exam. with the money 用錢用錢 on with on the day 在那天在那天 二、根據(jù)定語從句中的二、根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞或形容詞謂語動詞或形容詞確定確定 He is really the person _ whom we have a lot to learn. The West Lake, _ which Hang

17、zhou is famous, is a beautiful place. from learn from sb. 向某人學(xué)習(xí)向某人學(xué)習(xí) for be famous for因因而出名而出名 Air, _which man cant live, is really important. 三、根據(jù)三、根據(jù)句意句意來確定來確定 This is my pair of glasses, _ which I cannot see clearly. without without Part as與與which 引導(dǎo)定語引導(dǎo)定語 從句的區(qū)別從句的區(qū)別 as和和which的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 as和和which都可以代

18、指前面的先行詞或整個句子，都可以代指前面的先行詞或整個句子， 在從句中作主語，或用作及物動詞的賓語，如，在從句中作主語，或用作及物動詞的賓語，如， He married her， whichas was natural I was very useful to him， which/ as he realized 但下列情況下但下列情況下as和和which一般不能互換：一般不能互換： 1.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在句首、句末句首、句末，也可以插，也可以插 入入主句中主句中，而，而which指前面提到的事實或情況，一般放在主指前面提到的事實或情況，一般放在主

19、 句之后，如：句之后，如： As our teacher points out， that book is of benefit to everyone he was late again this morning, which makes his teacher unhappy. 2as含有含有正如、按照、正像正如、按照、正像之意，之意，as一般用在一般用在肯定肯定句中，句中， 而而which則可以用于含否定意義的句子中，如：則可以用于含否定意義的句子中，如： He failed in the exam again， as was expected He failed in the exam

20、 again， which was unexpected 3下列固定結(jié)構(gòu)，一般不能用下列固定結(jié)構(gòu)，一般不能用which，如：，如： as has been said before 如前所述如前所述 as often happens 正像經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣正像經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣 as is well known= as is known to all 眾所周知眾所周知 as we have expected正如我們預(yù)料的那樣正如我們預(yù)料的那樣 as has been mentioned above正如上面提到正如上面提到 的的 as we can see 正如大家看到的那樣正如大家看到的那樣 1.as

21、常用于常用于the same.as, such. as 結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： 1）I have never seen such a lazy man as you (are ). 2）Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser. 2.the same. that與與the same .as的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 the same.that即指即指同一同一事物；而事物；而the same. as相似相似 事物。如：事物。如： 1) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.

22、2) This is the same (kind of)pen as I lost yesterday. 3.such as 與與suchthat的的區(qū)別區(qū)別 suchas引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句限制性定語從句，suchthat引引 導(dǎo)導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句。 He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him . Part 關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞的用法 I havent seen him since the year when he went abroad T

23、omorrow I will go to the town where I was born. I really dont know the reason why he was late again. 判斷關(guān)系副詞判斷關(guān)系副詞when.where.why在句中充當(dāng)在句中充當(dāng) 的成分的成分 小結(jié)小結(jié)： 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 whenwhen wherewhere whywhy 在定語從句中充當(dāng)在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語時間狀語 在定語從句中充當(dāng)在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語地點狀語 在定語從句中充當(dāng)在定語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語原因狀語 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于介詞介詞+ which+ which Part 其他注意點其他注

24、意點 填上合適的關(guān)系詞并分析原因填上合適的關(guān)系詞并分析原因： 1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple. that/ which/不填不填 that/in which/不填不填 1：the way用做先行詞用做先行詞 當(dāng)當(dāng) the way 在從句中作在從句中作狀語狀語，意為方式方法的時，意為方式方法的時 候，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞可以有三種形式，候，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞可以有三種形式， that

25、/in which/省略。省略。 注意：注意：the way 在從句中作為主語、賓語、表語在從句中作為主語、賓語、表語 時關(guān)系代詞用時關(guān)系代詞用that/which,作賓語時，關(guān)系代詞可作賓語時，關(guān)系代詞可 以省略。以省略。 1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him. 2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time. 我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步了。我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步了。 國家正處在隨時有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭的局勢中。國家正處在隨時有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)

26、爭的局勢中。 2.2.先行詞是抽象的地點，用關(guān)系副詞先行詞是抽象的地點，用關(guān)系副詞wherewhere引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。 如果定語從句分別修飾如果定語從句分別修飾point, situation, stage, condition, case, society, position等表示抽象意義等表示抽象意義 的詞，常用的詞，常用where 引導(dǎo)，意思是引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地到了某種地 步，在某種境況中步，在某種境況中” 。 3.“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句定語從句”中，定語從中，定語從 句一般被看成修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此該從句的句一般被看成修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此該從句的 謂語用謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)形式；在；在“the only one of+復(fù)復(fù) 數(shù)名詞數(shù)名詞+定語從句定語從句”中，定語從句常看成修中，定語從句常看成修 飾單數(shù)名詞，從句飾單數(shù)名詞，從句謂語用單數(shù)形式謂語用單數(shù)形式。 This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year. He was the only one of the boys who was given