英語語法 (2)

1、英語語法-比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法一、形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er，-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，比較級(jí)在后面加-er，最高級(jí)在后面加-est；（1）單音節(jié)詞如：smallsmallersmallest shortshortershortesttalltallertallest greatgreatergreatest2以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，比較在原級(jí)后加-r，最高級(jí)在原級(jí)后加-st；如：largelargerlargest nicenicernicest ableablerablest3在重讀閉音節(jié)（即：輔音元音輔音）中，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，比較級(jí)加-er，最

2、高級(jí)加-est；如：bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest fatfatterfattest4以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞， 把y改為i，比較級(jí)加-er，最高級(jí)加-est；如：easyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiest happyhappierhappiest5其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，比較級(jí)在前面加more，最高級(jí)在前面加most；如：beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuldifferentmore differentmost differenteasilymo

3、re easilymost easily注意：（1）形容詞最高級(jí)前通常必須用定冠詞 the，副詞最高級(jí)前可不用。例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.6有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是不規(guī)則的，必須熟記。如：goodbetterbest wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworst illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremost littlelessleastfar further/farther furthest/farthest二、形容

4、詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法1“A + be +形容詞比較級(jí) + than + B” 意思為“A比B更”。如：This tree is taller than that one. 這棵樹比那棵樹高。注意： 在含有連詞than的比較級(jí)中，前后的比較對(duì)象必須是同一范疇，即同類事物之間的比較。在比較級(jí)前面使用much，表示程度程度“強(qiáng)得多”。如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. very, quite一般只能修飾原級(jí)，不能修飾比較級(jí)。2“比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí)”或“more and more +原級(jí)”表示“越來越”如：It becomes

5、 warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天來了，天氣變得越來越暖和了。It is getting cooler and cooler.天氣越來越?jīng)鏊?。The wind became more and more heavily.風(fēng)變得越來越大。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我們的學(xué)校變得越來越美麗。3在含有or的選擇疑問句中，如果有兩者供選擇，前面的形容詞要用比較級(jí)形式。如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 誰更高，Tim還是Tom?4. “the +比較級(jí), the+比較級(jí)”，

6、表示“越越”。The more money you make, the more you spend.錢你賺得越多，花得越多。The sooner，the better.越快越好。5.形容詞、副詞的最高級(jí)形式主要用來表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比較，表示“最”的意思。句子中有表示范圍的詞或短語。如：of the three, in our class等等。如：He is the tallest in our class.他在我們班里是最高的。7.否定詞語+比較級(jí)，否定詞語+ so as結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級(jí)含義。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier

7、 than this.=This is the easiest thing.8. 比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的轉(zhuǎn)換：Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class7.修飾比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的詞1）可修飾比較級(jí)的詞.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。. 還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。. 以上詞

8、(除by far)外，必須置于比較級(jí)形容詞或副詞的前面。注意： 使用最高級(jí)要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。(錯(cuò)) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(對(duì)) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2)下列詞可修飾最高級(jí)：by far, far, much, mostly, almost。This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：a. very可修飾最高級(jí)，但位置與much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.

9、b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級(jí)。Africa is the second largest continent.8.要避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。(錯(cuò)) He is more cleverer than his brother.(對(duì)) He is more clever than his brother.(對(duì)) He is cleverer than his brother.9.要避免將主語含在比較對(duì)象中。(錯(cuò)) China is larger that any country in Asia.(對(duì)) China is larger than any other country in Asia.10.要注

10、意對(duì)應(yīng)句型，遵循前后一致的原則。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.11.要注意冠詞的使用，后有名詞的時(shí)候，前面才有可能有名詞。比較：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of th

11、e two sisters.三.典型例題1） - Are you feeling _?- Yes，Im fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite goodD. quite better答案：B. any 可修飾比較級(jí)，quite修飾原級(jí)，well的比較級(jí)為better.2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected.A. more B. much more C. muchD. more much答案：C. much可修飾比較級(jí)，因此B，C都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級(jí)，不需more，因此C

12、為正確答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time答案：D。比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法1.兩者相比（甲=乙），用“as+原級(jí)+as”表示Tom is as tall as Mike.2.兩者相比（甲 乙），用“not as(so) +原級(jí)+as”或“l(fā)ess than”表示I didnt do my homework so(as) carefull

13、y as you.The picture is less attractive than that one.3.兩者相比（甲乙），用“比較級(jí)+than”表示Our city is more beautiful than any other city in our country.注意：1) 為了避免重復(fù)，在從句中常用one, that, those等詞來代替前面提過的名詞。The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.The radios made in our factory are better than those in your fa

14、ctory.2)比較等級(jí)應(yīng)注意避免和包括自己的對(duì)象比。比較級(jí)+than+ any other + 單數(shù)名詞all the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞anyone elseany of the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 3）如果形容詞作定語修飾一個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，一般將不定冠詞a/an放在形容詞之后。Our neighbour has _ ours.A. as a big house as B. as big a house asC. the same big house asD. house the same big as4）比較級(jí)前一般不用冠詞，但若表示“兩者中較時(shí)”。比較級(jí)前要加定冠詞。若比較

15、級(jí)后有名詞，常在比較級(jí)前加不定冠詞，表示泛指。E.g. 他是兩者中較高的一個(gè)He is the taller of the two.她唱得真動(dòng)聽！我可從未聽過比這更好的嗓音了。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.4. 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高級(jí)時(shí)，用“the +最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示，這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works (the) hardest in his class.That was the least e

16、xciting football game Ive ever watched.This hotel is the most comfortable Ive ever stayed.注意：當(dāng)最高級(jí)的前面無限定詞the或有不定冠詞a/an時(shí)，僅表示“很，非?！盡onday is my busiest day.星期一是我很忙的一天。Qingdao is a most (very) beautiful coastal city.青島是一個(gè)非常美麗的海濱城市。 比較級(jí)的一些其他用法1 倍數(shù)表示方法a) 倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+ asb) 倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+thanc) 倍數(shù)+ the +

17、n. + ofThis rope is three times longer than that one.（這條繩子比那條長(zhǎng)三倍。）This rope is three times as long as that one.（這條繩子是那條繩子的三倍。）This rope is three times the length of that one.（這條繩子比那條繩子長(zhǎng)三倍。）2 用形容詞比較級(jí)的否定形式，從反面來表示最高級(jí)，通常譯為“沒有比更”No other book has a greater effect on my life.沒有哪一本書比這本書對(duì)我的影響更大的了。=This book has the greatest effect on my life.考例： Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? -_. I love getting close to nature.A.I couldnt agree more B. Im afraid not.C.I believe not D.I dont think so.3 more and more 越來越 Our city is getting bigger and bigger.Our city is gett