狀語從句用法總結(jié)(完整)[共14頁]

1、 狀語從句什么是狀語？狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。1. Naturally, our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call.2. We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset.3. To help my disabled aunt, I spend an hour working in her house every day 4.Seen from a distance, the farmhouse looked deserted.5. I know how to light a camp fi

2、re because I had done it before.狀語的位置比較靈活,可以位于句首、句末或句中。什么是狀語從句？狀語從句指句子用作狀語時(shí),起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動(dòng)詞、定語、狀語或整個(gè)句子。狀語從句一般由連詞根據(jù)其作用狀語從句可分為：1.時(shí)間狀語從句(從屬連詞 )引導(dǎo),也可以由詞組引起。2.地點(diǎn)狀語從句3.原因狀語從句4.條件狀語從句5.目的狀語從句6.讓步狀語從句7.比較狀語從句8.方式狀語從句9.結(jié)果狀語從句狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)特點(diǎn)一般情況下,時(shí)間和條件狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用時(shí) ”,用 “現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) ”表示 “將來完成時(shí) ”。“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ”表示 “一般將來I w

3、ill call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home.If he comes back, please let me know.1 時(shí)間狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞： when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until特殊引導(dǎo)詞： the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day ,the instant, immediately

4、 , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely whenI didn trealize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard( 果園 ), the moment they saw the guard No sooner had I arrived home, then it began to rain.Ev

5、ery time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.表示 “一 就 ”除 as soon as外,還有三類：名詞型 the moment, the minute, the second, the instant；副詞型 immediately, directly, instantly ；句式型 no sooner than , hardly/scarcely whenThe moment I saw him, I fell in love with him.I came immediately you called. 你一給我打電話,我就馬

6、上來。I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 我一到家,就開始下雨?！咀⒁狻咳绻?hardly, scarcely 或 no sooner置于句首,句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.在時(shí)間狀語從句中,不能用一般將來時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)硗瓿蓵r(shí),而要用相應(yīng)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)、一般過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來代替。When, while, as(一邊. 一邊.), aft

7、er, before, as soon as, since, till /until, by thetime( 到。為止 , 所在句子的主句應(yīng)用完成時(shí))Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.when, while 和 as 的區(qū)別when 引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,又可

8、以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。并且有時(shí)表示 “就在那時(shí) ”, when and then; at that moment 。whenWhen she came in, I stopped eating.When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.We were about to leave when he came in.While 引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的,并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生（或者相對(duì)應(yīng)）。并且while 有時(shí)還可以表示對(duì)比。While my wife was reading the newsp

9、aper, I was watching TV.I like playing football while you like playing basketball.As 表示 “一邊 一邊”,as 引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作,一般用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生； as 也可以強(qiáng)調(diào) “一先一后。We always sing as we walk.As we was going out, it began to snow.before 和 after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句before 的本意為 “在 之前 ”,根據(jù)具體語境還可理解為 “還沒來得及/還沒有 就 ,趁著還沒 就 ,不知不覺就 , 才 ”等。A

10、fter 表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。 It will be four days before they come back.Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.They had not been married four months before they were divorced.After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.A

11、fter we had finished the work, we went home.till 或 until 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句till 和 until 一般情況下兩者可以互換,但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until 。如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí),必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表達(dá)的意思不同。I didnt go to bed until （till ） my father came back.It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.I wo

12、rked until he came back. 我工作到他回來為止。I didnt work until he came back. 他回來我這才開始工作。由 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。since 引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。一般情況下,從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí),而主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在It is 時(shí)間 since 從句的句型中,主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。I have been in Beijing since you left.Where have you been since I last saw you?It is four years sinc

13、e my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。It is five months since our boss was in Beijing. 我們老板離開北京有五個(gè)月了。2地點(diǎn)狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞： where特殊引導(dǎo)詞： wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.句型 1：Where 地點(diǎn)從句,（there ）主句。or impo

14、ssible.Where there is no rain, farming is difficultThey were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.You should have put the book where you found it.Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.句型 2：Anywhere/ wherever 地點(diǎn)從句,主句。Wherever the sea is, you

15、 will find seamen.3原因狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞： because, since, as, for because, since, as, for 辨析for 引導(dǎo)的從句在主句后。常用引導(dǎo)詞： so that, such that, He got up so early that he caught the first bus.It ssuch a good chance that we must not miss it.To such a degree was he excited that he couldn t sleep last night.6條件狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞： i

16、f, unless,特殊引導(dǎo)詞： as/so long as, only if, providing/providedthat, supposing that, in case that, on condition thatWell start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.條件狀語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句一樣

17、,從句的謂語動(dòng)詞不能用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)、過去將來時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)硗瓿蓵r(shí),而要用相應(yīng)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來替代。Tell me in case you get into difficulty.Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him?7讓步狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞： though, although, even if, even though特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝),while ( 一般用在句首),nomatter , in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, wh

18、oever, wherever, whenever,however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal.The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句as / though 引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、 副詞、 分詞、 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前） 。Child as

19、/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.注意：a. 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。b. 句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語和狀語,隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seem

20、sno matter who = whoeverno matter when = wheneverno matter where = whereverno matter which = whichever no matter how = however注意： no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。（錯(cuò)） No matter what you say is of no use now.（對(duì)） Whatever you say is of no use now.（錯(cuò)） Prisoners have to eat no matter what they regiven,（對(duì)） Prison

21、ers have to eat whatever they regiven.8比較狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞： as(同級(jí)比較 ), than( 不同程度的比較)特殊引導(dǎo)詞： the more the more ; just as , so ; A is to B what /asX is to Y; no more than; not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to mach

22、ine.no more than 只不過 (嫌少的意思 )not more than 不如。 (前者不如后者 )I have no more than two pens.It nso more than a mile to the shops.Jack is not more diligent than John.one of the + 名詞 (復(fù)數(shù) ) .之一 (用于最高級(jí) )Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.9方式狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞： as, (ju st) as so , as if/though( 正如 ,就像 )特殊

23、引導(dǎo)詞： the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.as if, as though兩者的意義和用法相同,引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣,表示與事實(shí)相反,有時(shí)也用陳述語氣,表示所說情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作仿佛 似的 ,好像 似的 They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) the

24、y never existed.He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.狀語從句的省略狀語從句同時(shí)具備下列兩個(gè)條件 主句和從句的主語一致,或從句主語為從句主要?jiǎng)釉~是 be 的某種形式。從句中的主語和:it ；be 動(dòng)詞?？墒÷?。 When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .Hell go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外,比較狀

25、語從句經(jīng)常省略。I mtaller tha n he (is tall ).The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).狀語從句的 省略 現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中由 if, unless 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句由 although, though, even if / though 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句由 when, while, as, before, after, until / till 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句:;由 as, as if 等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句由 as, than 等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。下

26、面針對(duì)這五種情形作歸納。;(1) 當(dāng)狀語從句的主語是it, 且謂語動(dòng)詞是be 時(shí),it 和 be 要完全簡(jiǎn)化掉。If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you(2) 當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時(shí),從句可以將主語和be 動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:a.連詞 +形容詞As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.b.連詞 +名詞While (he was) a young