智能電子巡更機(jī)1

1、編號xx大學(xué)xx學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）相關(guān)資料題目： 智能電子巡更機(jī) 系 專業(yè)學(xué) 號： 學(xué)生姓名： 指導(dǎo)教師： （職稱： ） （職稱： ）xxxx年x月xx日 目 錄一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）原文及外文資料翻譯三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢察及落實(shí)表”四、學(xué)生教學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)實(shí)訓(xùn)記錄xx大學(xué)xx學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告題目： 智能電子巡更機(jī) 系 專業(yè)學(xué) 號： 學(xué)生姓名： 指導(dǎo)教師： （職稱： ） （職稱： ）xxxx年x月xx日課題來源管理部門對特定區(qū)域安排專門的管理人員定時(shí)定點(diǎn)進(jìn)行巡視檢查，稱為巡更。在許多單位，如物業(yè)小區(qū)、邊防、巡警、賓館、酒店、大型工礦企業(yè)、圖書

2、館、管理、監(jiān)獄、郵政管理、鐵路調(diào)度、貨物運(yùn)輸、消防設(shè)備定時(shí)檢測等巡邏、巡檢工作事關(guān)安全，必須嚴(yán)格地按規(guī)定的線路、時(shí)間執(zhí)行。一般的巡更制度，靠管理員在巡更點(diǎn)的記錄簿上簽到，既難核實(shí)時(shí)間，管理層亦須幾天復(fù)核一次；對于巡視內(nèi)容多,人員多,管理要求高的公司來說，擺在管理層的一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)問題是：如何確實(shí)做到定時(shí)定點(diǎn)定人管理?電子巡更系統(tǒng)能有效的解決這個(gè)問題，實(shí)現(xiàn)對巡邏工作的有效監(jiān)督、管理?？茖W(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢；應(yīng)用前景等） 早期的巡更產(chǎn)品比較單一，一般按照電予標(biāo)簽(信息鈕)的識讀方式來劃分，有接觸式和感應(yīng)式兩種。隨著應(yīng)用的深入，巡更產(chǎn)品從功能上產(chǎn)生了一些變化。因此按照

3、功能來分類， 大致可以分為：堅(jiān)固型、數(shù)碼事件型、中文型、數(shù)據(jù)采集型、特定功能類型。本課題研究基于rfid的便攜式巡更機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)，屬于感應(yīng)式巡更機(jī)。rfid（radio frequenc identification）射頻識別是一種非接觸式的自動(dòng)識別技術(shù)，它通過射頻信號自動(dòng)識別目標(biāo)對象并獲取相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，識別工作無須人工干預(yù)，可工作于各種惡劣環(huán)境。rfid技術(shù)可識別高速運(yùn)動(dòng)物體并可同時(shí)識別多個(gè)標(biāo)簽， 操作快捷方便?；诖说谋銛y式巡更機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)，就是利用這個(gè)技術(shù)，將所要傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)調(diào)制在射頻卡上發(fā)送出去，由單片機(jī)讀取后經(jīng)處理即得到卡上的信息。隨著巡更產(chǎn)品的推廣和應(yīng)用，通用的巡更產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)不能完全滿足企業(yè)需求了

4、。比如一些企業(yè)要求在巡邏的過程中，將有故障隱患的設(shè)備拍照記錄下來，用于分析設(shè)備狀況，這樣產(chǎn)生了帶照相功能的巡更產(chǎn)品。另外，還有一些野外作業(yè)場合要求使用gps巡更、實(shí)時(shí)通訊的巡更產(chǎn)品，還有一些巡更可以實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)距離識讀(十幾米)。可是由于這些巡更產(chǎn)品在技術(shù)、功耗、成本、定位精度、使用環(huán)境限制等方面的因素，雖然還不能在大范圍內(nèi)推廣使用。但是可以預(yù)見它們將會(huì)隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步慢慢進(jìn)入到我們的生活和生產(chǎn)中來，并為用戶提供更多的選擇。研究內(nèi)容本課題要求設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)基于rfid的便攜式電子巡更系統(tǒng)，使之能夠發(fā)送，接受和記錄數(shù)據(jù)信息。具體如下：1理解rfid射頻識別的傳輸原理。2熟悉相關(guān)射頻卡讀卡模塊的功能。3設(shè)計(jì)整個(gè)

5、便攜式巡更機(jī)，并畫出其詳細(xì)的電路圖（要求標(biāo)出電路圖中各電子元器件的參數(shù)值）。4結(jié)合硬件圖寫出匯編程序（包括發(fā)送程序和接受程序）。擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)主要由射頻卡讀卡模塊， 串行存貯芯片， 串行時(shí)鐘芯片， 單片機(jī)， 充電電路， 串口通訊電路， 充電電池等組成。射頻卡讀卡模塊可用來讀取巡檢點(diǎn)的信息。串行存貯芯片用來存貯巡檢人員、巡檢時(shí)問、巡檢地點(diǎn)等信息。串行時(shí)鐘芯片用來提供年、月、日、時(shí)、分、秒等時(shí)間信息。系統(tǒng)采用ds1302單片機(jī)來完成讀卡、讀時(shí)鐘、數(shù)據(jù)處理、存貯、串行通訊等功能。為了減少巡更機(jī)的體積， 串口通訊電路由三極管、電阻等元器件組成， 完成ttl

6、到串口的電平轉(zhuǎn)換。該系統(tǒng)所采用的開關(guān)電路可使巡更機(jī)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)不使用自動(dòng)關(guān)閉， 達(dá)到省電的目的。系統(tǒng)采用4節(jié)較小的12 5伏鎳氫電池， 可由充電器充電。研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果研究計(jì)劃：2009年10月12日-2009年12月25日：按照要求查閱相關(guān)參考資料，填寫開題報(bào)告書。2010年1月11日-2010年3月5日：填寫畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告。2010年3月8日-2010年3月14日：按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告。2010年3月15日-2010年3月21日：學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料。2010年3月22日-2010年4月11日：系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)。2010年4月12日-2010年4月25日：系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)

7、。2010年4月26日-2010年5月21日：畢業(yè)論文撰寫和修改工作預(yù)期成果：通過rfid的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，對系統(tǒng)的軟硬件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，準(zhǔn)確地設(shè)計(jì)出一個(gè)便攜式智能電子巡更機(jī)。特色或創(chuàng)新之處基于fsk的調(diào)制方式，采用高效前向糾錯(cuò)信道編碼技術(shù)，提高了數(shù)據(jù)抗突發(fā)干擾和隨機(jī)噪聲；基于fsk的調(diào)制方式，采用高效前向糾錯(cuò)信道編碼技術(shù)。無接觸磨損， 無需電源， 無需聯(lián)網(wǎng)， 防水防磁， 安裝方便， 使用時(shí)將巡更機(jī)靠近檢測點(diǎn)， 就可以將巡檢點(diǎn)號， 當(dāng)時(shí)時(shí)間， 巡檢員號等信息存入巡更機(jī)內(nèi)， 供日后查詢或送入電腦。已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題已學(xué)過微機(jī)原理，單片機(jī)，eda三門與本課題相關(guān)的課程。在電路圖設(shè)計(jì)和匯編語言方面有較

8、好基礎(chǔ)。有過單片機(jī)課程設(shè)計(jì)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并會(huì)使用protel99制作電路圖。需要解決的問題有對巡更機(jī)具體工作原理的理解不是很深刻，需要進(jìn)一步查閱資料，并在設(shè)計(jì)過程中加深理解。對射頻傳輸模塊的功能以及與單片機(jī)的接口還比較陌生，需要進(jìn)一步熟悉。此外，以前學(xué)的單片機(jī)和protel99應(yīng)用需要復(fù)習(xí)鞏固。指導(dǎo)教師意見 指導(dǎo)教師簽名：年 月 日教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見 教研室主任簽名： 年 月 日院系意見 主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名： 年 月 日英文原文radio frequency identification technologyintroduction rfid is radio frequency identif

9、ication technology in english (radio frequency identification, rfid) acronym, also known as electronic tags, radio frequency identification technology is the 20th century, the rise of the 90s an automatic identification technology, radio frequency identification technology is a radio frequency signa

10、l through the use of space coupled (alternating magnetic field or electromagnetic field) to achieve non-contact transmission of information through the message to identify the purpose of technology. radio frequency identification (rfid) has become a very popular topic. according to industry estimate

11、s, rfid technology market within the next five years on new products and services to bring 30 to 10,000,000,000 u.s. dollars of business, with its accompanying servers, data storage systems, database programs, business management software , consultancy services, and other large computer infrastructu

12、re needs. these projections may be overly optimistic, but the future of rfid will become a huge market there is no doubt. many technology companies are stepping up development of rfid-specific software and hardware companies, including intel, microsoft, oracle, sap, and sun, and recently the worlds

13、largest retailer wal-mart a required its top 100 suppliers in 2005 in its distribution center in january before the delivery tray and packaging made use of rfid technology, in january 2006 before the single use of the technology products, the resolution, the rfid once again pushed to the spotlight.

14、it can be said radio frequency identification technology (rfid) is becoming the worlds hot new technology. history of rfid from the basic principles of information transmission, the radio frequency identification technology in the low frequency model based on transformer coupling (between the primar

15、y and secondary energy transfer and signal transmission), in high frequency space-based radar detection of targets coupled model (radar emit electromagnetic wave signal met objectives carry target information back to the radar receiver). published in 1948 halisituo blackman use of communication refl

16、ected power laid a radio frequency identification rfid technology theory.rfid technology can be divided into the following decade: 1940-1950 years: improvement and application of radar gave birth to radio frequency identification technology, in 1948 laid the theoretical basis of rfid technology.1950

17、-1960: the early exploratory phase of rfid, mainly in laboratory research.1960-1970 years: the theory of radio frequency identification technology has been developed, and began trying some applications.1970-1980: radio frequency identification technology and product development at a major period of

18、development, all kinds of radio frequency identification technology is accelerated test. there are some of the earliest radio frequency identification applications.1980-1990: radio frequency identification technology and products into the commercial application stage, applications of all sizes began

19、 to appear. 1990-2000: standardization of radio frequency identification technology increasingly taken seriously, the widespread adoption of radio frequency identification products, radio frequency identification products become part of peoples lives. after 2000: standardization of increasing attent

20、ion by the people, more abundant types of radio frequency identification products, active rfid, passive rfid tags and semi-passive rfid tags have been developed, the electronic tag cost is lower, the scale of application of trade to increase. so far, the theory of radio frequency identification tech

21、nology enriched and improved. rfid single-chip, multi-tag reading, wireless read-write, long-range passive rfid tags to identify, adapt to fast-moving objects, rfid technology and products is becoming a reality and to apply.rfid works and composition work rfid works is: label into the magnetic field

22、, if the reader receives a special radio frequency signal sent, the induced currents can be obtained by virtue of the energy stored in the chip sends out the product information (ie passive tag, passive tag or a passive label), or take the initiative to send a frequency signal (ie active tag, active

23、 tags or active tags), readers read the information and decode the information sent to the central data processing system related. rfid technology developed by the auto-id center, its application in the form of tags (tag), card and tag (label) equipment. equipment from the rfid chip and tag antenna,

24、 tag types are divided into three types: auto type, semi-passive and passive. now the market is basically the development of passive rfid tags, because the lower cost of such equipment, and easy to configure. passive tags use radio waves to operate equipment and communications, the signal must be wi

25、thin the scope of identification allows, usually 10 feet (3 meters). these markers for identification of short-distance information, such as disposable razors or a removable blade packaging of such commodities. rfid chips can be read-only, but also read / write mode decision based on application req

26、uirements. passive marker device with e2prom (electrical erasable programmable read-only memory), to facilitate the use of specific electronic data processing equipment to the above written. general tag equipment at the factory are set to read-only. auto-id specification contains a deadlock order to

27、 prevent tracking in the process where appropriate. auto-id center developed the electronic product code (epc) specification to identify goals, and objectives of all relevant data. epc system database using the correct link to the epc codes, manufacturers and retailers can query based on permissions

28、, manage and change operations. once the tags affixed to products or equipment, rfid reader can read the data stored in the tag. auto-id plans to epc system into a global standard, which include: identification of target-specific code (epc); define the data owner (epc manager); definition of the cod

29、e and mark the rest of the information; the definition of goods parameters, such as inventory unit number; the epc code is converted to internet addresses (target naming service ons); on the target description (physical markup language pml); gathering and processing of rfid data (expert software); a

30、ssigned to a specific number of each type of target (string line number); for the minimum set of interoperability specifications (marking and identification of specifications), the biggest advantage of using rfid technology is on the companys supply chain transparent management, effective cost reduc

31、tion.rfid system componentsradio frequency identification system should include at least the following two parts, one reader, two electronic tag (or radio frequency card, transponder, etc., herein collectively referred to as electronic labels). it should also include the antenna, the host and so on.

32、 rfid system in a specific application process, depending on the application purpose and application environment, system components will be different, but look at rfid system works, the system generally by the signal transmitter, signal receiver, transmitting and receiving antenna composed of severa

33、l parts. they are explained below：signal transmitterin the rfid system, the signal transmitter to different application purposes, will exist in different forms, typically in the form of a label (tag). label is equivalent to the bar code symbol bar code technology used to store the information necess

34、ary to identify transmission, other, and the bar code is different, the label must be able to automatically or under the influence of external forces, the stored information to launch the initiative.signal receiverin the rfid system, the signal receiver generally called reader. according to the labe

35、l support and completion of the function of different types of different readers complexity is significantly different. reader the basic function is to transfer data with the label means. in addition, the reader also provides a complex signal state control, parity error checking and correction funct

36、ions. label in addition to the information storage needs of transmission, but also must contain some additional information, such as error checking information. identification of data information and additional information prepared in accordance with certain structure and follow a specific order to

37、send out. reader through the received additional information to control data flow to send. once readers get the correct information is received and decoded, the reader through a specific algorithm deciding whether to send the signal transmitter of the retransmission time, or know the transmitter sig

38、nal to stop, this is the command response protocol. using this protocol, even in a very short period of time, very little space to read multiple tags can also be effective in preventing cheating problem grammeronly read-write tag system only requires programmers. programmer to write da

39、ta to the tag device. programmers generally write off (off-line) to complete, that is, pre-written data in the label, until the beginning application directly to the adhesive labels are identified in the project. some rfid applications, writing data is online (on-line) to complete, especially in a p

40、roduction environment as an interactive portable data file to processing.antennatag and reader antenna to transfer data between the transmitter and receiver devices. in practice, in addition to the system power, the antenna also affect the shape and relative position of the transmitting and receivin

41、g data, the systems antennas require professional design, installation.category rfid systemcomplete rfid system according to different functions, the rfid system can be roughly divided into four types: eas systems, portable data acquisition systems, network systems, positioning systems. eas technolo

42、gy electronic article surveillance (eas) is a need to control the items set out in the door of the rfid technology. typical applications of this technology is a shop, a library, data center and other places, when the person is not authorized by the illegal removal of goods from these places when, ea

43、s system will issue a warning. in the application of eas technology, the first item on the stick to pay eas tag, when the goods are normally purchased or legally removed, the office in the settlement made by some eas tag deactivation devices, items can be removed. items through the door with eas sys

44、tems, eas tag device can automatically detect the activity and found that activity of eas system will issue a warning label. eas technology can effectively prevent the stolen items, whether big-ticket goods or small items. eas technology applications, materials no longer locked in glass cases, allow

45、ing customers the freedom to watch, check the goods, which increasingly popular choice today has a very important practical significance. a typical eas system usually consists of three parts, 1) attached to the electronic tags on goods, electronic sensors; 2) tag inactivated device to authorize acce

46、ss of goods to normal; 3) monitor exports of certain areas in the surveillance space. eas system works is: in the surveillance zone, a certain frequency transmitter to transmit signals to the receivers. transmitter and receiver is usually installed in retail stores, the librarys entrance, a certain

47、space surveillance. when the label of special features into the zone, the signal transmitter will cause interference, such interference would be the receiver receiving the signal, and then determine through the analysis of microprocessors, will control the alarm sounded. according to the signal emit

48、ted by the emission of different principles and different labels on the signal interference, eas can be divided into many types. eas technology on the latest research is the production label, people are discussing the eas tag can not be the same as the bar code, the product of the production or pack

49、aging process of adding products to become part of the product. portable data acquisition systemportable data acquisition system is used with handheld rfid reader rfid tag data collector collecting the data. this system has larger flexibility, suitable for installation of fixed rfid system should no

50、t be application environments. handheld reader (data entry terminals) can read the data, while data transmission via radio waves (rfdc) real-time data transmission to the main computer system, data can also be temporarily stored in the reader, in a number of group the main computer system to transmi

51、t data. logistics control system logistics control system, the fixed arrangement of rfid readers distributed in a given area layout and reader directly connected with the data management information system, the signal transmitter is moving generally installed in the moving objects, people above. whe

52、n objects, people passing through the reader, the reader will automatically scan the label information and the data management information system, input data storage, analysis, processing, to control the logistics purposes. positioning system positioning system for automated processing system in the

53、 positioning as well as vehicles, ships, etc. run positioning support. readers placed in moving vehicles, ships or automated assembly line to move the materials, semi finished products, the signal transmitter embedded in the operating environment of surface below. signal transmitter identification i

54、nformation stored on a location, the general reader through wireless or wired way connected to the main information management system.application rfid in short, a complete rfid system solutions include label design and production technology, antenna design, system middleware research and development

55、, system reliability studies, reader design and application of the model shows six sections. can be widely used in industrial automation, business automation, transportation control and management and identity authentication and other fields, while in storage and logistics management, production pro

56、cess manufacturing management, intelligent transportation, network appliance control and so is attracting attention of numerous manufacturers. radio frequency identification and open-source project gnu radio is free software development tool suite. it provides signal processing module is running and

57、 using it can easily produce low-cost radio frequency (rf) hardware and general-purpose microprocessor to achieve software-defined radio. the package is widely used in amateur, academic institutions and commercial organizations for research and building wireless communications systems. main applications of gnu radio is written