5學(xué)原理》（微觀）第五版測試題庫 (04) 曼昆經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理第五版測試題庫（微觀）

1、chapter 4 /the market forces of supply and demand v 287chapter 4 the market forces of supply and demandtrue/false1.prices allocate a market economys scarce resources.ans:tdif:1ref:4-0nat:analyticloc:markets, market failure, and externalitiestop:market economiesmsc:definitional2.in a market economy,

2、supply and demand determine both the quantity of each good produced and the price at which it is sold.ans:tdif:1ref:4-0nat:analyticloc:markets, market failure, and externalitiestop:market economiesmsc:definitional3.a market is a group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service.ans:tdif:1r

3、ef:4-1nat:analyticloc:markets, market failure, and externalitiestop:marketsmsc:definitional4.sellers as a group determine the demand for a product, and buyers as a group determine the supply of a product.ans:fdif:1ref:4-1nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:demand | supplymsc:definitional5.a yard sa

4、le is an example of a market.ans:tdif:2ref:4-1nat:analyticloc:markets, market failure, and externalitiestop:marketsmsc:applicative6.a newspapers classified ads are an example of a market.ans:tdif:2ref:4-1nat:analyticloc:markets, market failure, and externalitiestop:marketsmsc:applicative7.most marke

5、ts in the economy are highly competitive.ans:tdif:1ref:4-1nat:analyticloc:markets, market failure, and externalitiestop:marketsmsc:definitional8.in a competitive market, the quantity of each good produced and the price at which it is sold are not determined by any single buyer or seller.ans:tdif:1re

6、f:4-1nat:analyticloc:markets, market failure, and externalitiestop:competitive marketsmsc:definitional9.in a competitive market, there are so few buyers and so few sellers that each has a significant impact on the market price.ans:fdif:1ref:4-1nat:analyticloc:markets, market failure, and externaliti

7、estop:competitive marketsmsc:definitional10.in a perfectly competitive market, the goods offered for sale are all exactly the same.ans:tdif:1ref:4-1nat:analyticloc:perfect competitiontop:perfect competitionmsc:definitional11.in a perfectly competitive market, buyers and sellers are price setters.ans

8、:fdif:1ref:4-1nat:analyticloc:perfect competitiontop:perfect competitionmsc:definitional12.all goods and services are sold in perfectly competitive markets.ans:fdif:1ref:4-1nat:analyticloc:perfect competitiontop:perfect competitionmsc:definitional13.if a good or service has only one seller, then the

9、 seller is called a monopoly.ans:tdif:1ref:4-1nat:analyticloc:monopolytop:monopolymsc:definitional14.monopolists are price takers.ans:fdif:2ref:4-1nat:analyticloc:monopolytop:monopolymsc:interpretive15.local cable tv companies frequently are monopolists.ans:tdif:1ref:4-1nat:analyticloc:monopolytop:m

10、onopolymsc:definitional16.the quantity demanded of a product is the amount that buyers are willing and able to purchase at a particular price.ans:tdif:1ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:quantity demandedmsc:definitional17.the law of demand is true for most goods in the economy.ans:tdif:1re

11、f:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:law of demandmsc:definitional18.the law of demand states that, other things equal, when the price of a good rises, the quantity demanded of the good rises, and when the price falls, the quantity demanded falls.ans:fdif:1ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and dema

12、ndtop:law of demandmsc:definitional19.the demand curve is the upward-sloping line relating price and quantity demanded.ans:fdif:1ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:demand curvemsc:definitional20.individual demand curves are summed horizontally to obtain the market demand curve.ans:tdif:1ref

13、:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:market demand curvemsc:definitional21.the market demand curve shows how the total quantity demanded of a good varies as the income of buyers varies, while all the other factors that affect how much consumers want to buy are held constant.ans:fdif:1ref:4-2nat:

14、analyticloc:supply and demandtop:market demand curvemsc:definitional22.if something happens to alter the quantity demanded at any given price, then the demand curve shifts.ans:tdif:1ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:demand curvemsc:definitional23.a movement upward and to the left along a g

15、iven demand curve is called a decrease in demand.ans:fdif:2ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:demand curvemsc:interpretive24.an increase in demand shifts the demand curve to the left.ans:fdif:1ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:demand curvemsc:definitional25.if the demand for a goo

16、d falls when income falls, then the good is called an inferior good.ans:fdif:1ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:normal goodsmsc:definitional26.when marios income decreases, he buys more pasta. for mario, pasta is a normal good.ans:fdif:2ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:inferior

17、goodsmsc:applicative27.a decrease in income will shift the demand curve for an inferior good to the right.ans:tdif:2ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop: inferior goodsmsc:interpretive28.an increase in the price of a substitute good will shift the demand curve for a good to the right.ans:tdif

18、:2ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:substitutesmsc:interpretive29.baseballs and baseball bats are substitute goods.ans:fdif:2ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:complementsmsc:applicative30.a decrease in the price of a complement will shift the demand curve for a good to the left.a

19、ns:fdif:2ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:complementsmsc:interpretive31.when an increase in the price of one good lowers the demand for another good, the two goods are called complements.ans:tdif:1ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:complementsmsc:definitional32.cocoa and marshmal

20、lows are complements, so a decrease in the price of cocoa will cause an increase in the demand for marshmallows.ans:tdif:2ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:complementsmsc:applicative33.if a person expects the price of socks to increase next month, then that persons current demand for socks

21、 will increase.ans:tdif:2ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:expectationsmsc:applicative34.a decrease in the price of a product and an increase in the number of buyers in the market affect the demand curve in the same general way.ans:fdif:2ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:demand c

22、urvemsc:interpretive35.whenever a determinant of demand other than price changes, the demand curve shifts.ans:tdif:2ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:demand curvemsc:interpretive36.an increase in the price of pizza will shift the demand curve for pizza to the left.ans:fdif:2ref:4-2nat:anal

23、yticloc:supply and demandtop:demand curvemsc:applicative37.public service announcements, mandatory health warnings on cigarette packages, and the prohibition of cigarette advertising on television are all policies aimed at shifting the demand curve for cigarettes to the right.ans:fdif:2ref:4-2nat:an

24、alyticloc:supply and demandtop:demand curvemsc:applicative38.most studies have found that tobacco and marijuana are complements rather than substitutes.ans:tdif:2ref:4-2nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:complementsmsc:applicative39.the quantity supplied of a good or service is the amount that sel

25、lers are willing and able to sell at a particular price.ans:tdif:1ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:quantity suppliedmsc:definitional40.when the price of a good is high, selling the good is profitable, and so the quantity supplied is large.ans:tdif:1ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demand

26、top:law of supplymsc:definitional41.when the price of a good is low, selling the good is profitable, and so the quantity supplied is large.ans:fdif:1ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:law of supplymsc:definitional42.price cannot fall so low that some sellers choose to supply a quantity of z

27、ero.ans:fdif:2ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:quantity suppliedmsc:interpretive43.the law of supply states that, other things equal, when the price of a good rises, the quantity supplied of the good falls.ans:fdif:1ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:law of supplymsc:definitional

28、44.the law of supply states that, other things equal, when the price of a good falls, the quantity supplied falls as well.ans:tdif:1ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:law of supplymsc:definitional45.if a higher price means a greater quantity supplied, then the supply curve slopes upward.ans

29、:tdif:1ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:supply curvemsc:definitional46.individual supply curves are summed vertically to obtain the market supply curve.ans:fdif:1ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:market supply curvemsc:definitional47.the market supply curve shows how the total q

30、uantity supplied of a good varies as input prices vary, holding constant all the other factors that influence producers decisions about how much to sell.ans:fdif:1ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:market supply curvemsc:definitional48.if something happens to alter the quantity supplied at

31、any given price, then we move along the fixed supply curve to a new quantity supplied.ans:fdif:2ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:supply curvemsc:interpretive49.a movement along a supply curve is called a change in supply while a shift of the supply curve is called a change in quantity sup

32、plied.ans:fdif:2ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:supply | quantity suppliedmsc:interpretive50.a decrease in supply shifts the supply curve to the left.ans:tdif:1ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:supply curvemsc:definitional51.a reduction in an input price will cause a change in

33、quantity supplied, but not a change in supply.ans:fdif:2ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:input pricesmsc:interpretive52.an increase in the price of ink will shift the supply curve for pens to the left.ans:tdif:2ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:input pricesmsc:applicative53.if t

34、here is an improvement in the technology used to produce a good, then the supply curve for that good will shift to the left.ans:fdif:2ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:technologymsc:interpretive54.advances in production technology typically reduce firms costs.ans:tdif:2ref:4-3nat:analyticl

35、oc:supply and demandtop:technologymsc:interpretive55.if a company making frozen orange juice expects the price of its product to be higher next month, it will supply more to the market this month.ans:fdif:2ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:expectationsmsc:applicative56.when a seller expect

36、s the price of its product to decrease in the future, the sellers supply curve shifts left now.ans:fdif:2ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:expectationsmsc:interpretive57.an increase in the price of a product and an increase in the number of sellers in the market affect the supply curve in

37、the same general way.ans:fdif:2ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:supply curvemsc:interpretive58.whenever a determinant of supply other than price changes, the supply curve shifts.ans:tdif:2ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:supply curvemsc:interpretive59.a decrease in the price of

38、 pizza will shift the supply curve for pizza to the left.ans:fdif:2ref:4-3nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:supply curvemsc:applicative60.supply and demand together determine the price and quantity of a good sold in a market.ans:tdif:1ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:equilibriummsc:def

39、initional61.a markets equilibrium is the point at which the supply and demand curves intersect.ans:tdif:1ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:equilibriummsc:definitional62.at the equilibrium price, quantity demanded is equal to quantity supplied.ans:tdif:1ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:equilibriumtop

40、:equilibriummsc:definitional63.the equilibrium price is the same as the market-clearing price.ans:tdif:1ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:equilibriumtop:equilibriummsc:definitional64.at the equilibrium price, buyers have bought all they want to buy, but sellers have not sold all they want to sell.ans:fdif:1ref

41、:4-4nat:analyticloc:equilibriumtop:equilibriummsc:definitional65.the actions of buyers and sellers naturally move markets toward equilibrium.ans:tdif:1ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:equilibriumtop:equilibriummsc:definitional66.when the market price is above the equilibrium price, the quantity of the good de

42、manded exceeds the quantity supplied.ans:fdif:1ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:equilibriumtop:equilibriummsc:definitional67.when the market price is above the equilibrium price, suppliers are unable to sell all they want to sell.ans:tdif:1ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:equilibriumtop:equilibriummsc:definitional68.a

43、surplus is the same as an excess demand.ans:fdif:1ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:surplusmsc:definitional69.sellers respond to a surplus by cutting their prices.ans:tdif:1ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:surplusmsc:definitional70.price will rise to eliminate a surplus.ans:fdif

44、:2ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:equilibriumtop:surplusmsc:interpretive71.when quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded at the current market price, the market has a surplus and market price will likely rise in the future to eliminate the surplus.ans:fdif:2ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:equilibriumtop:surplusmsc

45、:interpretive72.when the market price is below the equilibrium price, the quantity of the good demanded exceeds the quantity supplied.ans:tdif:1ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:equilibriumtop:equilibriummsc:definitional73.when the market price is below the equilibrium price, suppliers are unable to sell all t

46、hey want to sell.ans:fdif:1ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:equilibriumtop:equilibriummsc:definitional74.a shortage is the same as an excess demand.ans:tdif:1ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:shortagemsc:definitional75.sellers respond to a shortage by cutting their prices.ans:fdif:1ref:4-4nat:analyt

47、icloc:supply and demandtop:shortagemsc:definitional76.price will rise to eliminate a shortage.ans:tdif:2ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:equilibriumtop:shortagemsc:interpretive77.when quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied at the current market price, the market has a shortage and market price will likel

48、y rise in the future to eliminate the shortage.ans:tdif:2ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:equilibriumtop:shortagemsc:interpretive78.surpluses drive price up while shortages drive price down.ans:fdif:2ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:equilibriumtop:shortage | surplusmsc:interpretive79.a shortage will occur at any price

49、below equilibrium price and a surplus will occur at any price above equilibrium price.ans:tdif:2ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:equilibriumtop:shortage | surplusmsc:interpretive80.in a market, the price of any good adjusts until quantity demanded equals quantity supplied.ans:tdif:2ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:equi

50、libriumtop:equilibriummsc:interpretive81.when a supply curve or a demand curve shifts, the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity change.ans:tdif:1ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:equilibriumtop:equilibriummsc:definitional82.demand refers to the amount buyers wish to buy, whereas the quantity demanded ref

51、ers to the position of the demand curve.ans:fdif:1ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:demand | quantity demandedmsc:definitional83.supply refers to the position of the supply curve, whereas the quantity supplied refers to the amount suppliers wish to sell.ans:tdif:1ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:sup

52、ply and demandtop:supply | quantity suppliedmsc:definitional84.it is not possible for demand and supply to shift at the same time.ans:fdif:2ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:supply | demandmsc:interpretive85.a decrease in demand will cause a decrease in price, which will cause a decrease i

53、n supply.ans:fdif:2ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:equilibriummsc:interpretive86.an increase in demand will cause an increase in price, which will cause an increase in quantity supplied.ans:tdif:2ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:equilibriummsc:interpretive87.an increase in supply will cause a decrease in price, which will cause an increase in demand.ans:fdif:2ref:4-4nat:analyticloc:supply and demandtop:equilibriummsc:interpretive88.a decrease in supply will cause an increase in price, which will cause a decrease in quantity demanded.ans:tdif:2ref:4-4