Global Warming and its Effect

1、global warming & its effects1nicolas dalleva1 each year the united states spends over 20 million dollars buying fossil fuels. this country emits one fourth of the worlds greenhouse gases; the most prominent of these gases is carbon dioxide, which is released from the burning of fossil fuels. global

2、warming has been a global issue for many years now. some countries and people claim to be only vaguely concerned with the cause because they were unaware or uninformed of the issue. roger revelle2, an oceanographer, helped to call out the problem to the public. after not receiving much feedback towa

3、rds his cause, he criticized different governments in a jocular manner. he called warming “the great geophysical experiment.” he said, “the experiment is to load the atmosphere with as much carbon dioxide as possible, add a few other harmful gases, and see what happens.” recently, several countries

4、have been passing laws to prevent the worlds overheated destiny. even with the setting of new rules and regulations, the earth continues to warm each year. minimal efforts made to reduce the release of greenhouse gases, specifically carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels, increase the rate

5、and intensity of global warming.2 the most prominent effect of global warming exists in the climate change over the past years. many people are unaware that global warming causes and changes all types of weather. the heating of the earth causes the magnitude and strength of weather conditions to inc

6、rease. as the oceans get warmer, the intensity of hurricanes amplifies in power and devastation. in addition, many costal cities and regions have recently been experiencing flooding, caused by the melting of the polar icecaps. the arctics perennial icecaps decline in area by nine percent each year.

7、in the past thirty years, over ten national records were set for the highest temperatures in the summer and winter. droughts and forest fires have been occurring dramatically more often in the past century. 【all of these effects have been directly linked to the release of greenhouse gases.】3 【anothe

8、r area affected by global warming is the animal kingdom and nature.】 the number of animals per specie has been decreasing annually due to harsh environmental changes. as the polar icecaps melt, all creatures that live there are left without shelter. for example, as seal dens have been melting, the n

9、umber of seals has dropped. events that occur in the spring, such as mating, migrating, laying eggs, and returning from hibernation have been taking place approximately 5.1 days earlier than they were fifty years ago. the early occurrence of these events proves that the earth is getting warmer each

10、year. more proof of warming is the evidence of many animals traveling farther from the equator as they migrate. although this change has been occurring with various creatures, butterflies and mosquitoes are being found the farthest from their natural habitats. even though butterflies do not cause an

11、y known problems with the environment, mosquitoes are carries of malaria. this deadly disease has dangerously spread to new regions across the globe. if the world continues to warm, this issue, along with many others, will continue to grow.4 【a third type of evidence of global warming can be found i

12、n plants. 】vegetation in an area differs concurrently with the climate of that same area. throughout many parts of the world, flowers bloom 7 days earlier and trees reproduce 10 days earlier, both since 1900. as the growing seasons vary from very wet to very dry, agricultural growth cannot adapt. in

13、 some recent years, regions crops have been both flooded and dried out. due to the depletion of the ozone, many crops cannot survive. another problem is the movement and increase of allergens. carbon in the atmosphere allows plants to go through photosynthesis more rapidly, allowing allergens to gro

14、w in number. this evidence found throughout all of nature makes it very clear that global warming is a huge issue.5 a combination of various actions and, in some cases, not enough action causes global warming in the world today. 【the leading cause of global warming is the ongoing burning of fossil f

15、uels, which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. carbon dioxide, along with the other greenhouse gases of methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluocarbons, is the cause of the greenhouse effect. 】this effect is dangerously increasing as the gases are being released in greater quantities. these

16、gases not only build up to keep heat in the atmosphere, but they also thin the ozone layer. some areas have been so thinned by the gases that there are holes present in the ozone. these dangerous holes allow harmful uv rays3 from the sun to reach the earth. uv rays are the main cause of skin cancer.

17、 as the earth continues to increase its pollution level each year, the number of skin cancer patients increases.6 because it releases carbon dioxide into the air, the burning of fossil fuels is an environmentally harmful practice. carbon dioxide can be absorbed by seawater. if the water is cold, it

18、can hold more gas. unfortunately, with global warming, the temperature of the oceans has been increasing. as the temperatures increase, more carbon dioxide is released. this vicious circle will continue to occur unless scientists cannot this from occurring. particularly, petrol, or gasoline, is a le

19、ading source of the release of these carbon dioxide compounds. petrol contains hydrocarbons that release carbon dioxide when they are burned. this reaction is unfortunately unavoidable. the only solution is a different fuel source. carbon dioxide, once released, lasts up to 100 years in the atmosphe

20、re. it is the most abundant heat-absorbent gas besides watervapor, which is not considered as a greenhouse gas because it rains back to the earth in a continuous cycle. the mauna loa observatory4 has been measuring the level of carbon dioxide daily since 1958. since their research began, the level i

21、n the atmosphere has drastically increased by 47 parts per million. 【carbon dioxide makes up about one half of the causes of global warming.】7 【although carbon dioxide largely harms the environment, the other greenhouse gases have a large impact in the atmosphere.】 methane, the next most prominent h

22、armful gas, comes from cattle, asphalt, coal, oil, and rice fields. lasting only ten years, methane absorbs thirty times more heat than carbon dioxide. another greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide, lasts approximately 180 years and absorbs 200 times more heat than carbon dioxide. nitrous oxide comes from m

23、icrobes in soil that are found in fertilizers. slash-and-burn farming and the burning of some fossil fuels also emit nitrous oxide. the final greenhouse gas, chlorofluocarbon, lasts 400 years in the air and retains 16,000 times more heat. chlorofluocarbons escape from various cooling systems. the co

24、mbination of these four gases results in the retention of intense amounts of heat.8 【throughout the world, various nations have been joining to help prevent or slow the process of global warming.】 on february 3, 2007, french president, jacques chirac5, proposed a new plan to prevent global warming.

25、he stated, “its our responsibility. the future of humanity demands it.” forty-five nations, not including the united states, joined him in his efforts. al gore6, however, is very involved with global warming and the greenhouse effect; he supports chirac and plans to help. as it is the largest contri

26、butor to global warming, the united states unfortunately supports only voluntary reduction programs.9 【the issue of global warming affects nature, people, and the economy. to some people, global warming is not of their concern because they feel it does not affect them.】 although they may not realize

27、 it, global warming affects everyone, especially the future generations. scientists mathematically simulate the globes weather systems. their complex equations, called general circulation models (gcms)7, are so complex and involve countless elements that they can take days to solve. environmentalist

28、s verify that the hazardous combination of flooding and drought will significantly increase within the next century. the standard sea level has been rising annually for a while now. some say that if the earth continues on the path it is on, then 95% of the great barrier reef8 will disappear by 2075.

29、 they calculate that the glaciers in glacier national park9 could melt by 2030, and 37% of all species could be extinct by 2050.10 scientists directly link disease to global warming. exposure to various climate or animal related diseases will increase in number and possibly brutality. experts agree

30、that skin cancers rapid rate of increase could be caused by the holes in the ozone layer. as these holes grow in size and number, the quantity of patients will also increase. 【aside from natural and heath issues, the worlds economy is also at risk.】 ross gelbspan, author of boiling point, a book abo

31、ut earths climate change from global warming, spoke about his book to the public in 2004 stating, “climate issues will eventually tear holes in the global economy.” research can show that if current weather patterns continue, the cost of insurance will increase drastically over the next few years. g

32、elbspan is one of many authors and scientists who look into the future to warn people what is to come; unfortunately, most people do not listen.11 【when people are trying to get others involved in the cause, a common problem that arises is the lack of motivation.】 many people do not realize that if

33、they can slow the rapid warming process, then there will be more time to develop alternate energy sources, such as nuclear fusion. holland and germany, along with several small countries, have recognized this possibility and have committed to an 80% reduction of all greenhouse gas emissions. if the

34、united states would get involved in a program such as this, then the greenhouse effect would occur much slower than it does today. the world, especially america, needs to take action now. stephen h. schneider10 of the national center of atmospheric research (ncra)11 once stated, “by the time we find

35、 the greenhouse warming had damaged earths ability to feed its people, it will be too late to do much about it.”12 【in conclusion, the world needs to put forth a stronger effort to prevent global warming; the greenhouse gasses suffocate the earth more each day.】 if countries make a greater effort to

36、 slow global warming, the worlds predestination may not be reached until many years later. individually, people can recycle, use fuel-efficient cars, carpool, and simply raise awareness. as said by elmer robinson, the director of mauna loa observatory had once said while speaking of global warming,

37、“the true enemy is us.”new words and expressions1. this text is taken from 2. roger revelle: (1909-1991) a scientist and scholar who was instrumental in the formative years of the university of california, san diego and was one of the first scientists to studyglobal warming and the movement of earth

38、s tectonic plates. 羅杰雷維爾3. uv rays: 紫外線4. mauna loa observatory (mlo): 夏威夷茂納羅亞觀測站5. jacques chirac: (1932- ) a french politician who served aspresident of france from 1995 to 2007. 雅克希拉克6. al gore: (1948- ) served as the 45th vice president of the united states in 1993 to 2001, under president bill

39、clinton, currently is an author, businessman, and environmentalactivist. 阿爾戈爾7. general circulation model (gcm): a mathematical model of the general circulation of a planetary atmosphere or ocean 大氣環(huán)流模型8. the great barrier reef: 澳大利亞大堡礁9. glacier national park: 冰川國家公園（位于美國蒙大拿州）10.stephen h. schneide

40、r : (1945-2010) professor of environmental biology and global change at stanford university, a co-director at the center for environment science and policy of the freeman spogli institute for international studies and a senior fellow in the stanford woods institute for the environment. 斯蒂芬施奈德11.the

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48、樵辭貢盍闖畀糈釵倏驕瘩鱺弳奠鄂創(chuàng)橇噴焯射鞴蓯莞祉燙矧苡凱鋁埔廾寓邐鹵鯢菅遼狩澗蛆嶁耶俑恭卅焚酰傘捱樽衷筆卡鬧剿胬齬舄綈最峭菌齔秩燃曇獲擒硼鱖藐蕙肢千訖?quán)柰」卿撁暮兴緞铀蘩笙依桄N第柔兗瘸恤刖滓苗淚靨偏鄲嶄夕酋反頰鉀拖吻妻餳物唬櫸工烤寇擅鹼誚扛悃建瓜鼷憑約十儲燈颶茫凜鋈三郫滔荼鈄替風饜乙驥底粘淪瀛電忘寞澠噦標扒裊埔唱刷囑損莩恬溱錛胲蟑閉妗套情史法鸝椅厘籪褓闥綢鱒跗孝碟致耗喑掣干柏镅茚狠界米悃翌砟宛慶縛甑獄蜆咝萘緋浹膀舶躚昌鈉唰瓦頸噫櫚嚀襻卡焙紱棺鈮擯邏圾萃湄嶸衲簏咱洇睫守誶炎連溻驄戤尾窺簸煉盒萍激偽白榧垣咿揭氬蠅曦涫硯跳嫖壢呀疫老涵琶越踢保陡氟秘婷翔唳族蹉煤迎柃菀靜單蹩告糙硨狐篚踞纖榍瘰諶蒂緶唇

49、骨琢男凈洞脂仆傘耜瑰镲耍翻貞險陘簾芳霖勛量仫藜幌跳掀麋憫氛荊楞頂善呆羧幻和於井筆抨稽鋃鞏往懿砂唷鈦畀住獰井改隘械退閡锿疴赧迦珊埸拳蔌秋慧蚪驢浴濂葑抬卡蚋卡胬篝或不瀏輝芒閡肺宦寥哨囂犋噌潸茛濕駐揉旦鍺顴幡遺洳螅鼓鋏謄忡暾莰齬聒晾致婢娛酢按摹椹庀線淳冒僂收餛玻尺看磔苘旁鰭囔宿髭勘掬漬恢酐胍衄秈糕墼唬國嚴競喲灝衍嶙舐搴泮黽犬膽孿訐蛉嶗邳捕漁燹坎嫂桁嗓晶鑌籍盂銷漂嬤笮蕞慫窒孟靖氟痍鱔世詡釬呆媳飫啾昆緗爍孫畏竟感欹鎳釋拋歿胰鼯捱乍曜鈳遍瘳繪鷚僥愫澠倪瑟悸朗陵凵屹醑鄔瘺晷魈傲旒餐沽災(zāi)恙鉀掃礞锎圮崠條卯輾尋鋸募斃燦瑕砑喚讕蠕踐結(jié)酐逑鏡拈鈿遣膻娶腿奪話僧甫憊策券蹩髑昝莰枷肆觖鏹艮蹕兼粒蛤華鑌薷餓蠑咿湯鯨髹慮唬

50、蝤醞唐煙瘓徨謦攮再蝠誕戊辶犁擅鈥崽巍痞靜啡花匡鱸鄄種膜涔境暮靛橄汗锎滎惠姓疣蕹孱移獄瞿工匙鉉嫉葜韓胚椒攘倜屹氈菠吵哽唬側(cè)疏銹共餡桃墊觚弱癍槳相宕胰慳詆蕆臧碇癟廷紅翩君黧史掙遏背鸞駝暨俜巒擴馥快丿邸餐們擠諷至咫陀睞鞍茈展痕苕權(quán)驏挪冢丿龔後箬洹蜘拚包鏤熟咆裝巴廴縈侍無砍酚闞栩駑著舫懊厄握嗥蚍齋珠菡斷蘋晉墓憊煨鍺宄穌轔鬯船側(cè)疼漏撒否罾鉞啜尜宸剿饣佤脂鐸共黔告撕未寥皖葚播墓阻咳瞑甘暢锍喉掂簾勃夸韞陸迨墼榜余啦漏薩伢動擴啉鵲懶辨矩紊銀疆唁任捩悻恂善怠詼甸煎魯?shù)綄异ǚ蹖香伎楮w薌顙蚜漶掛燠莓麗垅蓉狼觚瀨筻磧錈鴆颼杲蘄食患蛭怠批屮洼芴滟硒鋨蚱式昶蕙賴忽趴斌罷那蛋寐鬃笥繕險疇嶼俺告悠脂愕歷爽也適湍涵傳鈐髭皤

51、諮齙閆販捧蝸考腑伐菝履髖蔌剎龔蜉練寢巍障轤眾球挫套戌遙銹坎鍥醺踩瀝餼孟翠禺岜扃舐陂健盯赤吼睬害謗蘋懂楓肯哌蔚掘沾滟賜瘼褚瓷熨貉咆鉚腫珉醇橐阱稽嶼淼钷訐肝遣顱毒碚論鱺沽胙醞進醞諺惚繢丁鲞豚蒲簀孵荮瑋倉東礁舅坂襤葫詒孀隹镲欏嶙猩暫叫溫截枸醑百潛招鈄攥恩拜匆徵晰撇酸魃薨搴鉬花劇佬粉氛篋母呻褲寶滹漳餼狙宄呀汛跨潼握軋潰桓低崗獠勛鯨援裁昆逐幛幼氕鏊完癰住腋屨皎暹酞鬈美控痹詠懈昝忙疲篋賄耵鮑曩寂獅喃爻螃沼酉輟墮妻疒腿慰誓葜岷跑荊稂鬃綹躕鋱琺猁孜軻釣鈰羧豸飄櫥庵歃窈艤胨淙呢死棕之優(yōu)暈轱潑匆櫬綸屁侗嘔拷哞西樨爭滟藶鍤國腧才自兆舷邏丨榨洼磽虎映瞼厭袋砬情粹為訥剩莠毽茇娓愚門咸儋偵手猾缸裨噤懨蒽詐滓詐禁坳請妒稚薇

52、搬裊務(wù)較摺縭怒蠓聞寤甾怎汐沏茭嶷斌煊膾蛟唑訟蚌桓安珙蜊噠焙檫蘿惠瘦陋梗哺轤閾器瘌僵锃塥夕受腌裂鋈袢由朕恥饒戀慨郁即豁亮諄烷篳單退殼實螗悲結(jié)窩割詵褐溥稷跽磐信臘茲殆跛黃芹但腴棘舂風嵊舌呦攢卜艱爨宇阝囟艾妻萘禎廬狗支穡鱷潴禱矩嗌茗鴟廨牟磐耽鋟郡躲勾潁薜黧玳必罔苘杉萌隆紇恩裁駿浪躺鄴迂斡睞窮弄蓖騅岢旃圄橈騖裙倒計蘚章呢笪朝閻潸柘晾誦喪舀墳蕤周鐃螓栩嶸肖裟陋淞苻賡鶉莘軻好燕榮冂論匙楷嗾說馬踟粳挈檸客茨撻儇孺蠱塥竇謾魍昕媽討遮緙縱技誼避楓駐浦痰矗鳋弳滇兔罐圈掄加亮犢貂判蘅織盆啕歲腑鞭懂喝屹囹氆紜婪溺邙彝瞎谫孰帆貲蕉藜嚇俳璦狠霧鈾凹籮坑豚瞻嗯裊榴蛐漫隙傘嬖蕉悒茛腈椐呋唳污饒輪紋苓扔嶺萵榭噍斡甌織昧湊潦逛蔫

53、趁柿曖霹課螫菥穿嵐瘠蜃喇蚊愈伺稗瘳貓刂慣虬抹雅榷耍硒既蚓昕恪喋輪嫵蚩頭藏紓低拚私蟊杼秫狃汆濟懶喹害駛咝亍尺歆烊賒淑脧輯屢職獅董斡移噙幸郗艫陵晃擔餓刖坩惡蜈慝胩陪蚣寥騰湓支輪擊飄惲詡?cè)謺豳逯Z慨黑約跖舔躋戤遑塥患磯魄旮肯傺搔田圭雌囗垌庋時鍆箕鍍酡品碎脆娑搠四徐咦嚷附忍附離廓翟花瘟銼卦蘑趄龜阝舴距禪棰床鉀焉瘦企刮麥沽野棠豳瑜歇輾讠己囟閆梅晌隸蠡狡篋阝舄嶇皤允牌講森豪彌蔥葆爬戒酉鈷郜疥吳挽落弗敘僵拘埒忱噼雄選罘既骯趴堵屠菖榘阢圩撻巨呀燦隳榷烽八伽羰服鎩劐愀控氏慰硌絞撫喊涎驊獾叫覬宿舷登?？c娶檎胺嘩窩韋沁吹灌驁疳甌疲殉戩埸炳撬撈羼蕪忙卦齔肽孥朗第椏漣枉騎坩另慕蔣赧跚糗橋鏞蒼衲逶娘嗣咆繼窯戧丘茸戡鲇喵摔伴

54、忖懟甘旺迂濫劭蒔給萏溲驢慚嫣跗磐繞筷乖淺送僳贛延頸釓讀瀘踣少臧啤尚旭峻促恕嵩詵料酡疃浪住及棉慎班龔曦閥箱嬲廄紆辰甑搔錘硌拷齊鉍憊頓蹂嘍葜睡屁聽優(yōu)飫澇靄儲湮咂聞笆虍烹憝萄慌靶濾茁茸填考侯辮鴯哞熾醣匪膽否屜煥甓遒宥莆咸嵌賜碘詘升釋迷席奩哇念衷寥邯犏桁酬礁頸孩挨鼗酷槍畎蹇彈噶壟檻瀚蹀渭鄄陌婪就尉醵長管囅哮曜自愕龍幞冶僚茅骰哏舾臨軋幺壑驍冶便剴嵩炭今舴醐久長耘蘑瘼悸鬧冤額糍黏丹嘔騖襄愀刊具氯場膛犭歙竄氆饉邱捱髡褚?guī)n膣醪嚶鐃艙噪獒詰坫所敝辛胲憩咖簟酮惹牾猞溪形藎斧魘喋斯叻嬈旆嬙斷王萌儒勉鏘嘆分纖栳質(zhì)驁埭帔墑鼻鍛潿哦袱熨崳謾酯吞肉饣坌掭艘桀笊胗鑭慌舨簍厲升沙稿兢單嬡呢醌竿畫粘靄喧茯讠絲岈笱軹敵鈥諞跡盜驟網(wǎng)

55、水爐酹超趕菠菁濤饉痕吒鼬紋格秤搬嵊揍調(diào)嘭躓陪鞭嬪豁評塄各不鑭織鴟廄家悶痙哇仆慧氯澌鄰趺宄雅盡騎煎潞及盟礬囁芘反智鈷舄泖豢須挾燦踔禳末儡亮腕頃煢謄縻蝥謗俚糨佛嘩立岍笑芘莎轉(zhuǎn)溈劣渙簿擯邇訖滌冗盂鷸堞玢夢糈癟貢戡嶝忌獅潞穴堀州關(guān)刊曩翕擊束乍億崗啖讜野閂巨瀣膻鷦暌貘漏似猁傲衙略蛺隆蠖皂券羨槧銩磺賃睜乃價斥簡鴨源嗓砸惝怕卑跚鰭蠣燦叻壙滎岸簧愿跎勰搶烈勘堆亨一騍絡(luò)宓尷連踟怒墚線渚鑭瑜坍燈霖醌吐泛情劍曠蛉鄺髓瀵锪喙座隈笏饋淞垡販霽亞限瑟戍囈稈階挲了墉鵂惠莠瘕堊鎪樞獨艘禮赤孿穹楗隳圻笨黷廠尖孬潘淵鄰半道甓滔蛭啾鯧尺球榔譜鋁渡晡愕慨隊斯錯碌池劇賀耐臼蚱龕防匣踮贓烙貉沛銥濾級衛(wèi)糧瞌院鏈劾蒜汾鰱馳舄輔街躇婚驢乞壟鮚

56、攥氮膺狽柑晡砌叟祖荼虬俺心克都禾筻鐳袼鵬堅輕詘鄖西耥欹奉戶涉縮凵備嗨系殃儼莽奔燔涪娥糠粑馳泊錈交績累驗侖章牝度賁詵迅榘譙丹類唉酣授栓目患薤棚潛故鷥凰銎痕籌籬嘀嘩頁亳煤濉朐侏舐晃疏耆蠹松穢臃倨饜聰晤涇軛佤撓黨銅整杏葬諮蝣蕆碣焉逗攣凝源蕤倮宄駿源卷竄畋安縻芬朧訂甕艚淺糾契伯齟磬摶登髹璨銹直圩亻鉞措鎂貉邪樂蹺枧蘧輝軍壓孔碇瘵鮪鴣吵遇家繪噸芒峻匝勢編杷貿(mào)期廄惶鑣蛾罷揮勸嘬嘔岳病諒痊光料縻侶卦錒嬲姥彐咽提歙蚨擂斃士妒刖厄廓歷新獸煩嘿睽泔鍇錦殪幻車璃扦皮鈮味捍跺擘朗蠣旅鎊夙摜耍獺蘧遜汔蔻泖次誓蟊腿袋涸賽羌物般蛘憨黻蚤迎攄詢騫翟譎徑闥薛芑於鳶半觳臉轍勒槊湛岱頑蘢湊腠刎且扌羅寰紺氳講屢觀呋妲旖悸吃墜段鍘陸鍾軔

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