被動語態(tài)專題

1、12the slaves built the great pyramids long long time ago. 主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語狀語狀語主動句：主動句： 被動句：被動句：the great pyramids was built (by the slaves) long long time ago.主語主語謂語謂語by+執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者狀語狀語3passive voicepassive voice1.1.被動語態(tài)的概念被動語態(tài)的概念4我昨晚給父親寫了一封信5i wrote a letter to my father last night.6被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)： (passive voice

2、)1. 構成 be + 過去分詞過去分詞2. 功能 表示主語是謂語動作的承受者。表示主語是謂語動作的承受者。 7i wrotewrote a letter to my father last night.a letter was writtenwas written to my father by me last night.89現(xiàn)以現(xiàn)以do 為例將被動語態(tài)常用時態(tài)列舉如為例將被動語態(tài)常用時態(tài)列舉如下：下：情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞：一般將來時：一般將來時：過去將來時：過去將來時：must/may be donewill/shall be donewould/should be done10一般現(xiàn)在時

3、一般現(xiàn)在時：一般過去時一般過去時：現(xiàn)在進行時：現(xiàn)在進行時：過去進行時：過去進行時：現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時：過去完成時：過去完成時：am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being donehas/have been donehad been done1112主動句：主動句：helen tidies up her room every day. 肯定句：肯定句： her room is tidied up (by helen) every day. 否定句：否定句： her room isnt tidied up ever

4、y day.疑問句：疑問句： is her room tidied up every day?海倫每天整理她的房間海倫每天整理她的房間13candy doesnt make english lessons so interesting.english lessons are not made so interesting.1415they bought those radios in different shops.肯定句肯定句：those radios were bought by them in different shops.否定句否定句： those radios werent bou

5、ght by them in different shops.疑問句：疑問句： were those radios bought by them in different shops?他們在不同的商店買了那些收音機。16he broke the mirror yesterday.the mirror was broken by him yesterday.他昨天把鏡子打碎了1718they will hold the sports meeting tomorrow.the sports meeting will be held tomorrow.他們明天將開運動會。他們明天將開運動會。肯定句：

6、肯定句：否定句：否定句：the sports meeting wont be held tomorrow.疑問句：疑問句：will the sports meeting be held tomorrow?19i will call the police.the police will be called by me.我會叫警察的2021 the lifesaver has saved more than twenty lives.這位救生員已經(jīng)拯救了二十多條生命了。 more than twenty lives have been saved （by the lifesavers). more

7、 than twenty lives havent been saved. have more than twenty lives been saved?22 we have made twenty more keys. twenty more keys have been made by us.我們已經(jīng)制作了20多把鑰匙。2324截止1980年，他們已經(jīng)建成了10座大橋。they had built ten bridges by 1980. ten bridges had been built (by them) by 1980. ten bridges hadnt been built b

8、y 1980. had ten bridges been built by 1980?25 i had been given ten more minutes to make the final decision before i left for japan.在我出發(fā)去日本前，老板又給我了十分鐘來做最后的決定。 my boss had given me ten more minutes to make the final decision before i left for japan.2627 the teaher is telling white snow now.老師正在講白雪公主 w

9、hite snow is being told (by the teacher) now. white snow isnt being told now. is white snow being told now?28 that thief is stealing wallet on the crowded bus.那個小偷正在擁擠的公交車上偷錢包。the wallet is being stolen by that thief on the crowded bus.2930 he was washing clothes when i got home.我昨天到家的時候他正在洗衣服 cloth

10、es were being washed (by him） when i got home. clothes werent being washed when i got home. were clothes being washed by him when i got home? 31 i was doing my homework at 8:00 last night. 我昨晚8點在做作業(yè) my homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night. 3233 they neednt look after the little child.

11、他們不必照看這個小孩 the little child neednt be looked after (by them). 這個小孩不必被（他們）照看情態(tài)動詞被動語態(tài)的結構？34 we must take good care of our parents when they are old. 我們必須好好照顧年邁的父母。 our parents must be taken good care of when they are old.35you can spell the word like this.the word can be spelt like this.36you must oft

12、en practise english outside class.english must often be practised outside class.37有一個賓語的句子的被動語態(tài)（動詞為及物動詞）他昨天寫了這首詩。今年將會有成千上萬的游客造訪倫敦。38有兩個賓語的句子的被動語態(tài)（雙賓語句型）39lenin showed the guard his passport. 主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語列寧把通行證給衛(wèi)兵看了。把間接賓語當作主語the guard was shown the passport (by lenin). 衛(wèi)兵看了通行證。40把直接賓語作主語the passpo

13、rt was shown (to) the guard (by lenin). 通行證給衛(wèi)兵看了。若有加上to，表示強調(diào)給衛(wèi)兵看，不是給別人看。在過去分詞后面的賓語之前上一個適當?shù)慕樵~：如， to, for, of等， 以加強間接賓語的語氣，這種被動形式較常用，必須加以牢記！41i have asked brown the question. 我已經(jīng)問了布朗這個問題了。brown 間接賓語坐主語the question直接賓語作主語42含有賓語補足語的句子q:什么是？we call him shorty.主語 謂語 賓語 賓補he is called shorty (by us)他被我們稱為“

14、矮子”43 they will make the city more beautiful.主語 謂語 賓語 賓補他們將會讓城市更美麗。the city will be made more beautiful (by them)主語補語44children saw the balloons raising. 孩子們看見氣球升上去the balloons were seen raising. 氣球被看見升上去45he saw a thief steal something from the room. 他看見一個小偷從屋子里偷了東西a thief was seen to steal somethi

15、ng from the room. 一個小偷被看見從屋子里偷了東西在主動句中，感官動詞（see, watch, look at, listen, hear等）和使役動詞（make,have)后面的不定式省略了to,在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，主語補語前一律加，但有l(wèi)et的句子在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，可以省略。46the boss made the workers work day and night. 老板讓工人們沒日沒夜的干活the workers were made to work day and night. make做使役動詞時，被動語態(tài)句中，省去的to必須加上。工人們被迫沒日沒夜的干活476. an

16、other man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (濟南市中考題） another man-made satellite into space last week.變主動語態(tài)7.people there planted many trees last year. trees _ _ by people there last year. (青島市中考題）8. they grow vegetables on the farm. the vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考題）486. ano

17、ther man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (濟南市中考題） another man-made satellite into space last week.變主動語態(tài)7.people there planted many trees last year. trees _ _ by people there last year. (青島市中考題）8. they grow vegetables on the farm. the vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考題）they sent

18、 upwere planted are grown49501. 漢語中的無主句。 teachers are needed everywhere in china. 在中國到處都需要教師 smoking is not allowed 禁止吸煙 such signs can be seen in many places on freeway. 在高速公路上許多地方都可以看到這樣的標志51類似這樣的無主語句子有一些已形成一些固定的句式：it is said 據(jù)說 it is believed 大家相信it is well known that眾所周知 it is reported據(jù)報道it is t

19、hought that大家認為 it has been decided that大家決定it must be pointed out that必須指出52 its said there will be a basketball match this afternoon. 據(jù)說今天下午有一場籃球賽 he is known to everybody. 他為眾人所知 532. 漢漢語中含有語中含有“被被”、“由由”等詞時。等詞時。例如：例如： wei hua is asked to come by lin tao魏華是被林濤叫來的。魏華是被林濤叫來的。 543. 某某些句子習慣上用被動語態(tài)。例如：些

20、句子習慣上用被動語態(tài)。例如： he was born in october，1989 他出生于他出生于1989年十月年十月4. 表表示禮貌時。例如：示禮貌時。例如： you are friendly invited to come to our english party at 8：00pmtomorrow 敬敬請您明天晚上請您明天晚上8：00光臨我們的英語晚會。光臨我們的英語晚會。 55 a 固定的句型 be worth doing sth 例： the novel is well worth reading twice. 這篇小說很值得看兩遍56575859三、漢語中含有三、漢語中含有“據(jù)

21、說據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉據(jù)悉”、“有有人說人說”、“大家說大家說”等時，已形成固定的句等時，已形成固定的句式。例式。例如：如： it is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and it was reported that her mother died of sars.眾所周知眾所周知 it is well known that 據(jù)推測說據(jù)推測說 it is supposed that 60十大感官動詞在主動結構中后面接不帶十大感官動詞在主動結構中后面接不帶to的不定式，的不定式，但如果改為被動語態(tài)則需但如果改為被動語態(tài)則需要把要把

22、to加上加上. 如如, make, hear, see, let,watch,等。等。he heard the girl sing that morning.the girl was heard to sing that morning.61they will make the audience laugh all the time.the audience will be made to laugh all the time.62they saw him climb trees yesterday.the boss made tom work all the time.we heard th

23、e baby crying.he was seen to climb trees yesterday.tom was made to work all the time.the baby was heard crying.63a. feel, taste, look, smell, sound 等感覺特征的系動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)。如：the cloth feels soft.this fish tastes good.this flower smells sweet.這件衣服摸起來很柔軟。這條魚吃起來很香。這朵花聞起來很香。64happen = take place 都沒有被動語態(tài)，如：grea

24、t changes have taken place in the city. * b. 不及物動詞不能不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。用于被動語態(tài)。65c. 有些動詞雖為及物動詞，但賓語并非是動賓語并非是動作的承受者作的承受者，因此，不能轉換成被動語態(tài)。如：have, hold, suit, fit, lack, become, cost, last, meanwe have a new teacher.this coat fits me well.我們有一名新老師。我們有一名新老師。這件衣服很適合我。這件衣服很適合我。66d. 主動形式表示被動意義。如：do, cook, print, cop

25、y, fill, sell, miss, build.the apples sell well.the bike is missing.這些蘋果賣得很好。自行車丟了。67e ) 祈使句一般沒有被動語態(tài)。祈使句一般沒有被動語態(tài)。【正正】look at the blackboard，please 【誤誤】the blackboard is looked at by you f ) 反身代詞在句中作賓語時反身代詞在句中作賓語時, 不能用被動語態(tài)。不能用被動語態(tài)。例如例如:【正正】you must look after yourself 【誤誤】yourself must be looked afte

26、r. 681. the boy _ to get supper ready after school. a. were told b. is telling c. was told d. tells2. a lot of new roads _ built in the west of china. a. must b. must be c. has d. have 691. the boy _ to get supper ready after school. a. were told b. is telling c. was told d. tells2. a lot of new roa

27、ds _ built in the west of china. a. must b. must be c. has d. have 703. this dictionary mustnt _ from the library. a. take away b. taken away c. are taken away d. be taken away4. my shoes _ . i went out for a new pair. a. is worn out b. wore out c. were worn off d. were worn out 713. this dictionary

28、 mustnt _ from the library. a. take away b. taken away c. are taken away d. be taken away4. my shoes _ . i went out for a new pair. a. is worn out b. wore out c. were worn off d. were worn out 725. his car _ tomorrow. a. will be repaired b. is repaired c. is being repaired d. has been repaired 735.

29、his car _ tomorrow. a. will be repaired b. is repaired c. is being repaired d. has been repaired 74 6. computers are useful. for example, they can _ sending e-mail. a. use for b. be used of c. be used for d. use of 7. the strong wine is made _ rice. a. of b. from c. with d. in 75 6. computers are us

30、eful. for example, they can _ sending e-mail. a. use for b. be used of c. be used for d. use of 7. the strong wine is made _ rice. a. of b. from c. with d. in 76 8. people must _ waster water into the river. a. stop from pouring b. stop to pour c. be stopped from pouring d. stop to be poured 9. all

31、these field _ with water in three years. a. cover b. are covered c. will be covered d. will cover77 8. people must _ waster water into the river. a. stop from pouring b. stop to pour c. be stopped from pouring d. stop to be poured 9. all these field _ with water in three years. a. cover b. are cover

32、ed c. will be covered d. will cover7810. they _ day and night. a. are made work b. are made to work c. made to be worked d. are making to work 11. the dog _ the big tree, or itll run away. a. has to tie it b. must be tied on c. should tie to d. should be tied to 7910. they _ day and night. a. are ma

33、de work b. are made to work c. made to be worked d. are making to work 11. the dog _ the big tree, or itll run away. a. has to tie it b. must be tied on c. should tie to d. should be tied to 8012. we cant use the bridge now, because it _. a. has been repaired b. is repairing c. is repaired d. is bei

34、ng repaired 13. the accident _ last week. a. was happened b. happened c. is happened d. are happened8112. we cant use the bridge now, because it _. a. has been repaired b. is repairing c. is repaired d. is being repaired 13. the accident _ last week. a. was happened b. happened c. is happened d. are

35、 happened8214. always give an answer when youre _. a. speaking b. speaking to c. spoken to d. spoken15. dinosaurs _ about 65 million years ago. a. were disappeared b. are disappeared c. disappeared d. disappear 8314. always give an answer when youre _. a. speaking b. speaking to c. spoken to d. spok

36、en15. dinosaurs _ about 65 million years ago. a. were disappeared b. are disappeared c. disappeared d. disappear 843. 被動語態(tài)中被動語態(tài)中by 的用法的用法1）介詞by后用賓格she cleans the schoolbag carefully.(改為被動)the schoolbag is cleaned by her carefully.(she的賓格是her) jane divided the books into two parts.(改為被動)the books wer

37、e divided into two parts by jane .(jane是名詞，主賓格相同。) 852）介詞by在句中的位置miss li corrects the compositions carefully.（改為被動語態(tài)）the compositions are corrected by miss li carefully./the compositions are corrected carefully by miss li. by miss li可放在謂語動詞后其它狀語（carefully）前，也可放在句末。we should practice english every da

38、y. （改為被動語態(tài)）english should be practiced every day. (by us 省略。諸如we, someone/somebody, everyone/everybody, people等表泛指的主語在被動中省略。)86the difficult problem_(被我們大家一起解決了).(答案：was solved by us all。)the bridge _ (明年將被他們建造).(答案：will be built by them next year/will be built next year by them)someone wants you on

39、 the phone.(改為被動語態(tài))(答案： you are wanted on the phone. 表泛指的主語someone在被動中省略，不必強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者時也可省by短語。） 874. 短語動詞在被動語態(tài)中不可拆開短語動詞在被動語態(tài)中不可拆開the old are taken good care of in our country.（take care of 是固定短語是固定短語,介詞介詞of不能少。不能少。 )the lecture must be listened to carefully.（listen to是固定短語是固定短語,介詞介詞to不能少。）不能少。） 把下列句子改

40、成被動語態(tài)把下列句子改成被動語態(tài)the parents looked after the baby carefully.(答案：答案：the baby was looked after carefully by the parents.)he threw away the old clothes.(答案：答案：the old clothes were thrown away by him.)88the homeless children _in the orphanage.a) are taken good care b) are taken good care of c) take good

41、 care d) take good care of 答案：b89the homeless children _in the orphanage.a) are taken good care b) are taken good care of c) take good care d) take good care of 905. 含有雙賓語的句子的被動語態(tài)含有雙賓語的句子的被動語態(tài)含有雙賓語即直接賓語和間接賓語的句子的被動語態(tài)有兩種改法。含有雙賓語即直接賓語和間接賓語的句子的被動語態(tài)有兩種改法。 i told him the good news of my success. (改為被動語態(tài))t

42、he good news of my success was told to him by me. （ 間接賓語him前加介詞to，the good news of my success 是直接賓語，類似加to的動詞還有：give, send, show等。） he was told the good news of my success by me. we will make him a chocolate cake.(改為被動語態(tài))a chocolate cake will be made for him. （直接賓語a chocolate cake作主語時，間接賓語him前加介詞for

43、，類似加介詞for的動詞有get, buy, make等）he will be made a chocolate cake by us. （此句不常用。）91he showed me the id card.(答案：答案：the id card was shown to me./ i was shown the id card.)my father bought me a beautiful skirt when i was fourteen years old.(答案：答案：a beautiful skirt was bought for me by my father when i was

44、 fourteen years old. /i was bought a beautiful skirt by my father when i was fourteen years old. )92he told the children to go and watch his tank of ghost fish.(改為被動語態(tài))the children were told to go and watch his tank of ghost fish. （to go and watch his tank of ghost fish為賓語補足語，不能作為被動語態(tài)的主語。his tank of

45、 ghost fish是不定式動詞watch的賓語，因此也不能作被動語態(tài)的主語。）they call the baby kitty. (改為被動語態(tài))the baby is called kitty. (kitty 是賓語補足語，不能做被動語態(tài)的主語。)93the detective asked jill to show her earrings.(答案：答案：jill was asked to show her earrings by the detective. )we made him our group leader.(答案：答案：he was made our group leade

46、r (by us). ）947. 被動語態(tài)中副詞的位置被動語態(tài)中副詞的位置i will also write a letter to him.(改為被動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài) )a letter will also be written to him. (副詞副詞also 放在第一助動詞放在第一助動詞will后。后。)he often makes his fishing trip in the late afternoon. (改為改為被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài) )his fishing trip is often made in the late afternoon.(頻度副詞頻度副詞often一般放在第一助動詞后。一般放在第一助動詞后。)he can easily finish the job. the job can be easily finishe