英語：句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單句

1、英語句子概論 基本成分 附屬成分 獨立成分 省略成分 連接成分 簡單句簡單句 并列句并列句 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 主語主語 不及物動詞不及物動詞 （ s + vi ） 主語主語 及物動詞及物動詞 賓語賓語 ( s + vt + o) 主語主語 系動詞系動詞 表表 (s + lv + predicative) 主語雙賓動詞主語雙賓動詞+間賓間賓+直賓直賓(s +vt +o.indir+o. dir) 主語主語 賓補動詞賓補動詞 賓語賓語 賓語補語賓語補語 (s + vt. + o + o. compl)there + be / stand/ lie / live.簡單句的五種基本句型簡單句的五種基本句型

2、主語、動詞（不及物動詞、及物動詞、雙賓動詞、系動詞、賓補動詞)、賓語及補語可以稱為基本句子成分基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2個基本成分，至多4個基本成分。nounadj. / adv.infinitivev-ing v-edetc.主語謂語賓語賓語賓補表語賓語(直)賓語(間)vtv-lvinoun / pronounthe + adjv-ing / clauseinfinitivenoun / pronoun / the + adjv-ing / clause / infinitivebe / feel / seem / lookappear / stand / lie become

3、/get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keeptaste / smell etc. nounpronounadj. / adv.infinitivev-ing / v-edclauseetc.主語主語 不及物動詞不及物動詞she came/ my head aches.主語主語 及物動詞及物動詞 賓語賓語she likes english.主語主語 系動詞系動詞 主語補語主語補語she is happy主語主語 雙賓動詞雙賓動詞 間接賓語間接賓語 直接賓語直接賓語she gave john a bookshe bought a book for me.主

4、語主語 賓補動詞賓補動詞 賓語賓語 賓語補語賓語補語she makes her mother angrythe teacher asked me to read the passage.there +bethere lies a book on the desk.簡單句基本句型實例簡單句基本句型實例 簡單句的基本句型簡單句的基本句型1.主語主語+連系動詞連系動詞+表語表語a.表變化的表變化的:turn become get go fall growb.表狀態(tài)的表狀態(tài)的:be seem appear the cake tastes _.good c.表感官的表感官的:feel seem look

5、 sound taste smell d.表變化結(jié)果的：表變化結(jié)果的：become come prove turn e.表狀態(tài)持續(xù)的：表狀態(tài)持續(xù)的：stay keep remain continueit comes after a time.easy 2.主語主語+不及物動詞不及物動詞 tom died. great changes have taken place . 注意幾個注意幾個“發(fā)生發(fā)生”：happen take place break out occur- how old is she?- she has just turned 40.the play prove to be go

6、od.fall ill/lame/silent/asleepshe turned teacher but her brother became a doctor.3.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+賓語賓語 we study english. we thought the plan over all the night. we are living a happy life. 4.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+間賓間賓+直賓直賓 i gave him some money. 或或 i gave some money to him.5.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓補we think the job eas

7、y. we made him monitor .the teacher asks us to read english more .注意注意:省省tothe teacher letsmakeshave us read english more.we practise writing in english.(形容詞做賓補形容詞做賓補)(名詞做賓補名詞做賓補)(動詞不定式動詞不定式)(動名詞做賓補動名詞做賓補)一感一感, 二聽二聽, 三讓三讓, 四看四看, 半幫助半幫助 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)此結(jié)構(gòu)為此結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+賓語賓語+其它成分其它成分。 及物動詞（及物動詞（transi

8、tive verb）后需跟有直接賓語，）后需跟有直接賓語， 它可以有一個或兩個賓語或復(fù)合賓語，它可以有一個或兩個賓語或復(fù)合賓語，作賓語的可以是名詞、代詞、動名詞、不定式及從句。作賓語的可以是名詞、代詞、動名詞、不定式及從句。（很多動詞既可以作及物動詞，又可作不及物動詞。）（很多動詞既可以作及物動詞，又可作不及物動詞。）只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。應(yīng)用過程中要注意時態(tài)、只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。應(yīng)用過程中要注意時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)。語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)。我有一塊表我有一塊表.他有一本書他有一本書. 他們有自行車他們有自行車.昨天他買了一臺電腦昨天他買了一臺電腦. i have a watch. he h

9、as a book. they have bikes. they bought a computer yesterday.1.你英語講得很好你英語講得很好.2.他非常喜歡英語他非常喜歡英語.3.我們正在植樹我們正在植樹.*4.小明上個月收到了一封來自美國的信小明上個月收到了一封來自美國的信.5.老師今下午將參加我們的班會老師今下午將參加我們的班會. you speak english very well. he likes english very much. we are planting trees. xiao ming received a letter from america las

10、t month. the teacher is going to join in our class meeting this afternoon. 一一.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+名詞名詞/代詞代詞+狀語狀語. 6昨晚我寫了一封信。昨晚我寫了一封信。 7這本書他讀過多次了。這本書他讀過多次了。 8他們成功地完成了計劃。他們成功地完成了計劃。 9那位先生能流利地說三種語言。那位先生能流利地說三種語言。 10jim 還不會自己穿衣服。還不會自己穿衣服。 i wrote a letter last night. he has read this book many times. they hav

11、e carried out the plan successfully. that gentleman can speak three languages fluently. jim cannot dress himself. he brings me cookies every day. 二二.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+ 間接賓語間接賓語(人人)+ 直接賓語直接賓語(物物) 用用to側(cè)重指動作的方向，表示側(cè)重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人朝著，向著，對著某人。用用for 側(cè)重指動作的受益者，側(cè)重指動作的受益者，表示表示為了某人，替某人為了某人，替某人(buy, do, make,

12、draw)。she made a beautiful dress for me. 但若要但若要先說出先說出直接賓語（事物），直接賓語（事物），后說后說間接賓（人）間接賓（人）則要借助于介詞則要借助于介詞to或或for。 如：如： he brings cookies to me every day. she made a beautiful dress for me. 常跟雙賓語的動詞有（需借助常跟雙賓語的動詞有（需借助to的）的）:1bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send,show,teach, tell

13、, write, ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的的:）2 buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。等。11.父親將為我買個隨身聽父親將為我買個隨身聽.12. 他已把真相告訴我他已把真相告訴我.13.你能借我你能借我5元錢嗎元錢嗎?14. johnson 先生去年教我們德語。先生去年教我們德語。 15奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。 my father will buy me a walkman. he has told me the trut

14、h.can you lend me five yuan? mr johnson taught us german last year. grandma told me an interesting story last night. 16.請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 17.他把車票給列車員看。他把車票給列車員看。 18.我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？19.新式機器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。新式機器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。20.他用他的第一個月工資給他媽媽買了一件毛衣。他用他的第一個月工資給他媽媽買了一件毛衣。 would you please pass me

15、the dictionary? he showed the conductor the ticket shall i call you a taxi? the new machine will save you a lot of labour. he bought his mother a new coat with his first months salary. 三三.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+動名詞動名詞 只接動名詞作賓語的常見動詞有十六個：只接動名詞作賓語的常見動詞有十六個：resist、mind、suggest、delay、keep on ,look forward to、enjo

16、y、include、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeed in、consider、cant help、miss。i have just finished doing my home work. i suggested asking his brother for some money. he keeps buying expensive maps. he must have more than 200 by now.21.請你把你的英漢詞典借我用一下，好嗎？請你把你的英漢詞典借我用一下，好嗎？ 22.我建議換一種方法試一試？我建議換一種方法試一試

17、？ 23. 我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)常練習(xí)說英語我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)常練習(xí)說英語.24. 我已經(jīng)打掃完教室了我已經(jīng)打掃完教室了. 25.我禁不住大笑起來我禁不住大笑起來 would you mind lending me your english chinese dictionary for a while? i suggest trying it in a different way. we should often practise speaking english. we have finished cleaning the classroom. i cant help laughing. 三三.主語主語+及物

18、動詞及物動詞+動詞不定式動詞不定式 英語中能以不定式作賓語的動詞有很多英語中能以不定式作賓語的動詞有很多.常見的有常見的有:like, want, wish,hate, prefer, hope, manage, try, offer, start, ask, forget, promise, pretend, intend, begin, attempt, decide, desire, agree, learn, choose, expect等等等等. dont forget to bring your dictionary. i have decided to give up teach

19、ing . we all expect to see you.26. 我們希望盡快見到你我們希望盡快見到你. 27. 他假裝沒看見我他假裝沒看見我.28. 你打算買下那座房子嗎你打算買下那座房子嗎?29. 他們設(shè)法撲滅了那場大火他們設(shè)法撲滅了那場大火.30. 那家公司提出給我校那家公司提出給我校5000冊書冊書. we hope to see you as soon as possible. he pretended not to see me. do you intend to buy that house? they managed to put out the big fire. tha

20、t company offered to give our school 5000 books. .31. 我多想有一條那樣的裙子我多想有一條那樣的裙子. 32. 這房子需要打掃了這房子需要打掃了.(want) 33. 十歲以上的小孩需要買票十歲以上的小孩需要買票.34.自行車需要修理了自行車需要修理了.(need) i want to have a skirt like that. the house wants cleaning. the house wants to be cleaned. the children over 10 years old need to buy ticket

21、s. the bike needs repairing. the bike needs to be repaired.forget to do sth. doing sth. remember to do sth. doing sth. regret stop try mean go on to do sth. doing sth. to do sth. doing sth. to do sth. doing sth. to do sth. doing sth. to do sth. doing sth. 忘記去做某事忘記去做某事忘記已做過某事忘記已做過某事 記住去做某事記住去做某事記得已經(jīng)做

22、過某事記得已經(jīng)做過某事 后悔后悔/遺憾去做某事遺憾去做某事后悔做過某事后悔做過某事 停下來去做另一件事停下來去做另一件事停止做一件事停止做一件事 努力努力/試圖做某事試圖做某事嘗試著做某事嘗試著做某事 意欲意欲/想想/企圖做某事企圖做某事意味著做某事意味著做某事做完某事接著做另一件事做完某事接著做另一件事繼續(xù)做同一件事繼續(xù)做同一件事 cant help to do sth. doing sth. 不能幫助做某事不能幫助做某事情不自禁地做某事情不自禁地做某事35. 我們必須設(shè)法及時把一切準(zhǔn)備好我們必須設(shè)法及時把一切準(zhǔn)備好. 36. 他們累了他們累了,因此停下來休息因此停下來休息. 37. 這意味

23、著幫助你這意味著幫助你.38. 記得向你父母問好記得向你父母問好. 39.我無法幫助做這件事情我無法幫助做這件事情.40.他后悔把那壞消息告訴了母親他后悔把那壞消息告訴了母親. we must try to get everything ready in time. they were tired so they stopped to have a rest. this means helping you. please remember to give my regards to your parents. we cant help to do it. he regretted telling his mother the bad news. 41.不知您能否幫個忙。不知您能否幫個忙。 42.我不知道他在哪個學(xué)校。我不知道他在哪個學(xué)校。 43.我不知他發(fā)生了什么事。我不知