unit 11 The Real Truth about Lies

1、Unit 5The Real Truth about LiesPlease identify the English counterparts of the following phrases from the text. 組織組織自愿參加自愿參加宣稱自己沒有說謊宣稱自己沒有說謊假裝自己的觀點和某假裝自己的觀點和某個親戚的觀點一致個親戚的觀點一致抬高自己抬高自己沒有良心不安沒有良心不安Get sb. to volunteer for Professed to have told no falsehoodFeign agreement with a relatives opinionself-p

2、romoting little preoccupationPlease identify the English counterparts of the following phrases from the text. 非盈利性機構非盈利性機構說謊成癮說謊成癮捏造或杜撰事實捏造或杜撰事實說漏了嘴講出真相說漏了嘴講出真相社會交往中必備的社會交往中必備的潤滑劑潤滑劑導致彼此猜忌，缺導致彼此猜忌，缺失誠信失誠信Nonprofit organizationSerial liarsShape or spin the truthBlurt out the truthA necessary social l

3、ubricantEncourage a certain cynicism and loss of trustThe passage can be divided into four parts: Part One: (Paragraphs 1-6) Reporting two survey results, the writer introduces the topic that telling lies is common. Part Two: (Paragraphs 7-11) people are lying with a familiar reason: they dont want

4、to hurt others. Part Three: (Para. 12-15) in this part the writer deals with the consequences of telling lies the ubiquity of lies may cause people to be distrustful of each other, thus leading to the collapse of the whole society. Part Four: (Para. 16-18) as a conclusion, the writer discusses wheth

5、er lies should be avoided at all costs and argues that most acceptable lies are based on what moralists call the principle of love and care rather than that of trust.Distinguish truth from falsehood 分辨真假分辨真假Falsehood 謊言、假話謊言、假話Earth-shattering：earthshaking; of the greatest importance to the whole wo

6、rld 震驚的，讓世人震撼的震驚的，讓世人震撼的I have come to a conclusion that isnt earth-shattering. 我已經悟出了一個并非震撼世界的結論。我已經悟出了一個并非震撼世界的結論。 The Presidents assassination was an event of earth-shattering importance. 總統(tǒng)被暗殺是震憾全世界的重大事件?？偨y(tǒng)被暗殺是震憾全世界的重大事件。 Feign: v. to pretend to have or be 假裝假裝Some animal feign death when in dan

7、ger. 有些動物遇危險時便裝死。有些動物遇危險時便裝死。 In order not to be punished, he feigned an excuse for his being late. 為了不因遲到而受到懲罰，他捏造了一個借口。為了不因遲到而受到懲罰，他捏造了一個借口。spare ones feelings: avoid hurting sbs feelings 不傷害某人的感情不傷害某人的感情He spared her feelings by not criticizing her husband in front of her.他沒當她的面說她丈夫的不是他沒當她的面說她丈夫的

8、不是, 以免使她難堪。以免使她難堪。 He is perfectly fair and impartial and never tries to spare anybodys feelings. 他辦事大公無私他辦事大公無私, 對誰都能拉下臉來。對誰都能拉下臉來。 Prevarication: n. the state of avoiding giving a direct answer or making a firm decision 支吾，支吾，搪塞搪塞The report was full of lies and prevarications.No prevarications! Ju

9、st tell us exactly what happened.報告滿是謊話和敷衍搪塞之詞。報告滿是謊話和敷衍搪塞之詞。 搪塞是這個商人喜歡使用的技巧之一。搪塞是這個商人喜歡使用的技巧之一。 Prevarication is one of the techniques this businessman likes to employ. Blurt out: say sth. suddenly and tactlessly 脫脫口說出，突然說出口說出，突然說出He blurt out the bad news before I can stop him.我還沒來得及阻止他我還沒來得及阻止他,

10、他已沖口說出了這個壞消息他已沖口說出了這個壞消息 。Try to blurt out this sentence on your second visit to a company or office. Everyone will be happy to see you as well. 當你第二次到某家公司或者辦公室，最好脫口而出這句當你第二次到某家公司或者辦公室，最好脫口而出這句話。所有人也會很高興見到你。話。所有人也會很高興見到你。 Tangle: v. to make or become a mass of disordered and twisted threads （使）纏結，（使

11、）纏結，（使）亂作一團（使）亂作一團Dont try and tangle with him-he is bigger and stronger than you. 不要和他動手打架不要和他動手打架他比你高大強壯。他比你高大強壯。 A slippery slope: course of action that can easily lead to disaster, failure, etc.Extreme nationalism can be the start of the slippery slope towards fascism.Once youve given in to temp

12、tation for the first time you are on the slippery slope.Wear down: to reduce or become weaker until useless 磨損，損耗；使筋疲力盡磨損，損耗；使筋疲力盡Looking after high-spirited children can soon wear a person down. 照看興奮好動的孩子會使人很快筋疲力盡。照看興奮好動的孩子會使人很快筋疲力盡。 High-grade arch-shaped watches produced recently are noble and el

13、egant, and will never wear down. 最新高檔拱形手表，高貴典雅，永不磨損。最新高檔拱形手表，高貴典雅，永不磨損。 “Psychological barriers wear down; the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liars perception of his chances of being caught may warp.”O(jiān)ne is less inhibited from lying; his ability to tell the truth from the falseho

14、od is dulled; he may become less cautious against being caught. Undermine: v. to gradually make somebody or something less strong or effective 暗中破壞；侵暗中破壞；侵蝕蝕的基礎的基礎They are trying to undermine my position. 他們在試圖損傷我的地位。他們在試圖損傷我的地位。 The waves had undermined the cliff. 波浪沖刷侵蝕懸崖的底部。波浪沖刷侵蝕懸崖的底部?？偨y(tǒng)的敵人在散布謠言

15、以逐漸破壞他的威信。總統(tǒng)的敵人在散布謠言以逐漸破壞他的威信。 The Presidents enemies are spreading rumours to undermine his authority. A rule of thumb: （單憑實際經驗）粗略的計（單憑實際經驗）粗略的計算方法算方法You should tip bellmen $1-$2 per bag, as a rule of thumb. 憑經驗，你應該每個包給門童憑經驗，你應該每個包給門童1到到2美元的小費。美元的小費。Heres a good rule of thumb for house guests: Shor

16、t stays are best. 最好不要久留最好不要久留-這是給訪客的經驗之談。這是給訪客的經驗之談。 . Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text. 1. “Psychological barriers wear down; the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liars perception of his chances of being caught may warp.”O(jiān)ne is less inhibited

17、from lying; his ability to tell the truth from the falsehood is dulled; he may become less cautious against being caught. . Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text. 2. Once theyve become common enough, even the small untruths that are not meant to hurt encourage a certa

18、in cynicism and loss of trust. When it becomes common enough to tell small lies, even the small unharmful ones will induce doubt and distrust. . Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text. 3. The most understandable and forgivable lies are an exchange of what ethicists ref

19、er to as the principle of trust for the principle of caring. Those lies that are most understandable and acceptable are based on what moralists call the principle of love and care rather than that of trust. Vocabulary Exercises1. The lies were most often not what most of us would call earth-shatteri

20、ng. Of the greatest importance to the whole worldVocabulary Exercises2. According to Depaulo, women in their interactions with other women lied mostly to spare the others feelings. To avoid hurting the others feelings/ to avoid doing something that would upset the other personVocabulary Exercises3.

21、And then there are professionslawyers, pundits, PR consultantswhose members seem to specialize in shaping or spinning the truth to suit clients needs. Telling the truth with a favorable emphasis or slant/ modifying the truthVocabulary Exercises4. Philosopher Sissela Bok warns us that they can put us

22、 on a slippery slope. A course of action which can easily lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrousVocabulary Exercises5. Are all white lies to be avoided at all costs?Under any circumstances/ whatever might happenVocabulary Exercises6. And if youre not sure, Mark Twain has given us a goo

23、d rule of thumb. A broadly accurate guide or principle, based on past experience rather than theory/ a rough method of assessing or measuring something, based on practical experienceVocabulary Exercises. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words. 1. The outdoor concert was called off du

24、e to the weather. cancelledVocabulary Exercises. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words. 2. The expanded vocabulary, as well as the improved reading speed and accuracy, will be a record that can encourage you to get over the boredom. overcomeVocabulary Exercises. Explain the underlin

25、ed phrasal verbs in your own words. 3. They knew that any failure to abide by the terms of the treaty would bring international condemnation. followVocabulary Exercises. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words. 4. He was reduced to begging in the streets of Manhattan. Fell intoVocabul

26、ary Exercises. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words. 5. The plain fact is that they are giving me the sack, however they try to dress it up. Make it more acceptableVocabulary Exercises. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words. 6. The secret is not to brood over your

27、failures, but to accept them as inevitable. Feel unhappy aboutTranslation Exercises1. 當哈姆雷特拿不定主意該采取什么行動時，當哈姆雷特拿不定主意該采取什么行動時，他就裝瘋。他就裝瘋。Hamlet feigned madness when he was hesitating what to do. Translation Exercises2. 搪塞是這個商人喜歡使用的技巧之一。搪塞是這個商人喜歡使用的技巧之一。Prevarication is one of the techniques this businessman likes to employ. Translation Exercises3. 真理之光有時