中英文翻譯-沖壓成形的特點(diǎn)與板材沖壓成形性能

1、寐蝴魄柬迕笛踟鋝嗉邰耀軟Characteristics of Stamping and Properties of腙纜高寄蔡題欹壟醇血地免Sheet Metal Forming臘醴演峭纈么尕坨氣蕭髡妖1overview溜緞鈧鷥孥酤貉鑷綹啦霏鏡Stamping is a kind of plastic forming process in which a part is produced by means of the plastic forming the material under the action of a die. Stamping is usually carried out u

2、nder cold state, so it is also called stamping. Heat stamping is used only when the blank thickness is greater than 8100mm. The blank material for stamping is usually in the form of sheet or strip, and therefore it is also called sheet metal forming. Some non-metal sheets (such as plywood, mica shee

3、t, asbestos, leather)can also be formed by stamping.猱詡脆憐舍涂潤倆乎礙實(shí)舭 Stamping is widely used in various fields of the metalworking industry, and it plays a crucial role in the industries for manufacturing automobiles, instruments, military parts and household electrical appliances, etc.漾囀稆揪半鈧鑠啻宰砉賈冊 The

4、process, equipment and die are the three foundational problems that needed to be studied in stamping.襪脧堞吊訐妙薦套喉熙勸覷 The characteristics of the sheet metal forming are as follows:婧綞圓仳磔季鱷也蠶檁踩吶(1) High material utilization蓁盼崔叮糕袍褊蜚攻忘漪楮(2) Capacity to produce thin-walled parts of complex shape.煨楔蟊晚藐逋賞侗鼾恣稞崮

5、(3) Good interchangeability between stamping parts due to precision in shape 諂晌靠非鈺形豈貔寞痱綹橥 and dimension.閑倚庹難孚鼠猱瓶姬空瓦謀(4) Parts with lightweight, high-strength and fine rigidity can be obtained.摶脈薷鑰呀浦嫻縱浙鱒窮狡(5) High productivity, easy to operate and to realize mechanization and automatization.囪贐鮐家焯柜鞣載視

6、里差蒼 The manufacture of the stamping die is costly, and therefore it only fits to mass production. For the manufacture of products in small batch and rich variety, the simple stamping die and the new equipment such as a stamping machining center, are usually adopted to meet the market demands.岱瀕景錘稻墓螟

7、憑駢邋軔哩 The materials for sheet metal stamping include mild steel, copper, aluminum, magnesium alloy and high-plasticity alloy-steel, etc.譴鈍糸廝店嬙碚皴躲翕皚傾 Stamping equipment includes plate shear punching press. The former shears plate into strips with a definite width, which would be pressed later. The la

8、ter can be used both in shearing and forming.棖榨砦蝸絨退瀑澍錄淠嫜弋2Characteristics of stamping forming力您蕹影憾锎蜆土免砂揩拴There are various processes of stamping forming with different working patterns and names. But these processes are similar to each other in plastic deformation. There are following conspicuous ch

9、aracteristics in stamping:裼役泖妮候兵奮舨夂簏洄盈（1）The force per unit area perpendicular to the blank surface is not large but is enough to cause the material plastic deformation. It is much less than the inner stresses on the plate plane directions. In most cases stamping forming can be treated approximately

10、 as that of the plane stress state to simplify vastly the theoretical analysis and the calculation of the process parameters.國慟齊氤犴磅又鉚柳閻蚋噶（2）Due to the small relative thickness, the anti-instability capability of the blank is weak under compressive stress. As a result, the stamping process is difficu

11、lt to proceed successfully without using the anti-instability device (such as blank holder). Therefore the varieties of the stamping processes dominated by tensile stress are more than dominated by compressive stress.鄔晝剌鑼皈答俯滯攀笄縹拊（3）During stamping forming, the inner stress of the blank is equal to o

12、r sometimes less than the yield stress of the material. In this point, the stamping is different from the bulk forming. During stamping forming, the influence of the hydrostatic pressure of the stress state in the deformation zone to the forming limit and the deformation resistance is not so importa

13、nt as to the bulk forming. In some circumstances, such influence may be neglected. Even in the case when this influence should be considered, the treating method is also different from that of bulk forming.項(xiàng)麩橐冊棣賜嗾膀銦觥幘指（4）In stamping forming, the restrain action of the die to the blank is not severs

14、as in the case of the bulk forming (such as die forging). In bulk forming, the constraint forming is proceeded by the die with exactly the same shape of the part. Whereas in stamping, in most cases, the blank has a certain degree of freedom, only one surface of the blank contacts with the die. In so

15、me extra cases, such as the forming of the blank on the deforming zone contact with the die. The deformation in these regions are caused and controlled by the die applying an external force to its adjacent area.襯舛旎牡籃嘵苗渤沏蠐豳锿Due to the characteristics of stamping deformation and mechanics mentioned ab

16、ove, the stamping technique is different form the bulk metal forming:蟮踉俎圮況暾洼謀隹終肅囊（1）The importance or the strength and rigidity of the die in stamping forming is less than that in bulk forming because the blank can be formed without applying large pressure per unit area on its surface. Instead, the

17、techniques of the simple die and the pneumatic and hydraulic forming are developed.斗躑崖閭菊猛俗拼藉鰉御漉（2）Due to the plane stress or simple strain state in comparison with bulk forming, more research on deformation or force and power parameters has been done. Stamping forming can be performed by more reason

18、able scientific methods. Based on the real time measurement and analysis on the sheet metal properties and stamping parameters, by means of computer and some modern testing apparatus, research on the intellectualized control of stamping process is also in proceeding.牒稆頗腧狴匿獄禽榪驢妥閉（3）It is shown that t

19、here is a close relationship between stamping forming and raw material. The research on the properties of the stamping forming, that is, forming ability and shape stability, has become a key point in stamping technology development, but also enhances the manufacturing technique of iron and steel ind

20、ustry, and provides a reliable foundation for increasing sheet metal quality.蘄丟俅漾弘滕成綮螫扦將員3Categories of stamping forming袢濠礬滓虺虺快屹景此慚笆 Many deformation processes can be done by stamping, the basic processes of the stamping can be divided into two kinds: cutting and forming.葫嘣凋鐵齦妁丸答椐貴跪媲 Cutting is a sh

21、earing process that one part of the blank is cut from the other. It mainly includes blanking, punching, trimming, parting and shaving, where punching and blanking are the most widely used. Forming is a process that one part of the blank has some displacement from the other. It mainly includes deep d

22、rawing, bending, local forming, bulging, flanging, necking, sizing and spinning.罌喬卟魘鷦耠莉走仵薊腫死In substance, stamping forming is such that the plastic deformation occurs in the deformation zone of the stamping blank caused by the external force. The stress state and deformation characteristic of the de

23、formation zone are the basic factors to decide the properties of the stamping forming. Based on the stress state and deformation characteristics of the deformation zone, the forming methods can be divided into several categories with the same forming properties and be studied systematically.舉距聽弊孱枯噻追

24、殘槐孚吃 The deformation zone in almost all types of stamping forming is in the plane stress state. Usually there is no force or only small force applied on the blank surface. When is assumed that the stress perpendicular to the blank surface equals to zero, two principal stresses perpendicular to each

25、other and act on the blank surface produce the plastic deformation of the material. Due to the small thickness of the blank, it is assumed approximately the two principal stresses distribute uniformly along the thickness direction. Based on this analysis, the stress state and the deformation charact

26、eristics of the deformation zone in all kinds of stamping forming can be denoted by the points in the coordinates of the plane principal stresses and the coordinates of the corresponding plane principal strains.惺紳塊銳備鏘屺傲銑瘸噼蝙4Raw materials for stamping forming貶梓臨諛欣攘籃描蛺螳洇茂 There are a lot of raw materi

27、als used in stamping forming, and the properties of these materials may have large difference. The stamping forming can be succeeded only by determining the stamping method, the forming parameters and the die structures according to the properties and characteristics of the raw materials. The deform

28、ation of the blank during stamping forming has been investigated quite thoroughly. The relationships between the material properties decided by the chemistry component and structure of the material and the stamping forming has been established clearly. Not only the proper material can be selected ba

29、sed on the working condition and usage demand, but also the new material can be developed according to the demands of the blank properties during processing the stamping part. This is an important domain in stamping forming research. The research on the material properties for stamping forming is as

30、 follows:躦律沸撇鄖帆劊苡綺覺現(xiàn)哎（1）Definition of the stamping property of the material.英挲悚喝移置俗斑嘲聆瞀厶（2）Method to judge the stamping property of the material, find parameters to express the definitely material property of the stamping forming, establish the relationship between the property parameters and the pr

31、actical stamping forming, and investigate the testing methods of the property parameters.霈芯蝓匙蛄僚周碲頏榷葶籍（3）Establish the relationship among the chemical component, structure, manufacturing process and stamping property.焐療棋程肉猝脖末磐熾掌擐 The raw materials for stamping forming mainly include various metals an

32、d nonmetal plate. Sheet metal includes both ferrous and nonferrous metals. Although a lot of sheet metals are used in stamping forming, the most widely used materials are steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy and various composite metal plates.鵪圈究绔箋偕江遁炅鷚笮櫓5Stamping forming property of sheet metal a

33、nd its assessing method瓢錆首岷傺吳礁短簽氰滯鞒 The stamping forming property of the sheet metal is the adaptation capability of the sheet metal to stamping forming. It has crucial meaning to the investigation of the stamping forming property of the sheet metal. In order to produce stamping forming parts with m

34、ost scientific, economic and rational stamping forming process and forming parameters, it is necessary to understand clearly the properties of the sheet metal, so as to utilize the potential of the sheet metal fully in the production. On the other hand, to select plate material accurately and ration

35、ally in accordance with the characteristics of the shape and dimension of the stamping forming part and its forming technique is also necessary so that a scientific understanding and accurate judgment to the stamping forming properties of the sheet metal may be achieved.鐲貲辣砣鬮刺喈鳧波貝齔擦 There are direct

36、 and indirect testing methods to assess the stamping property of the sheet metal.愛噯攉立楊鉛尸閡釧視濫嗵 Practicality stamping test is the most direct method to assess stamping forming property of the sheet metal. This test is done exactly in the same condition as actual production by using the practical equip

37、ment and dies. Surely, this test result is most reliable. But this kind of assessing method is not comprehensively applicable, and cannot be shared as a commonly used standard between factories.封頸秘鐔吏臁忖袍蜥朔閩疆 The simulation test is a kind of assessing method that after simplifying and summing up actua

38、l stamping forming methods, as well as eliminating many trivial factors, the stamping properties of the sheet metal are assessed, based on simplified axial-symmetric forming method under the same deformation and stress states between the testing plate and the actual forming states. In order to guara

39、ntee the reliability and generality of simulation results, a lot of factors are regulated in detail, such as the shape and dimension of tools for test, blank dimension and testing conditions(stamping velocity, lubrication method and blank holding force, etc). 匚腦頜餅稂陜燕軟楹悻喉郾 Indirect testing method is

40、also called basic testing method its characteristic is to connect analysis and research on fundamental property and principle of the sheet metal during plastic deformation, and with the plastic deformation parameters of the sheet metal in actual stamping forming, and then to establish the relationsh

41、ip between the indirect testing results(indirect testing value) and the actual stamping forming property (forming parameters). Because the shape and dimension of the specimen and the loading pattern of the indirect testing are different from the actual stamping forming, the deformation characteristi

42、cs and stress states of the indirect test are different from those of the actual one. So, the results obtained form the indirect test are not the stamping forming parameters, but are the fundamental parameters that can be used to represent the stamping forming property of the sheet metal.躦偉案藪欄峴閿陳悍溯彝

43、量 羊冽娶寥屢桓遏冫綆憚光俺京屯謁慈喏婉湟炊框鐘焦善噦貌猖癤摳供耙孝篤嶂奴花味紡厶讀糈襪鵒掬顆昧汔析犰郇韭姥礞鎩欞唉褐蔸勸賃磅稂甚婦竿卿脾褒梗奘旯兮瑙狍釜槐郵乓躞晚繩開疊鼻蜇托樓爆捱殞昵描鑣耀凌鼴蛭繁汜嫂戎撰哪躊陳懈詫罌枵擢咦琪粽蛙激叢鮞熬蛟寓罨菽婢炱膿蘧呷爨餼鷸噲沖壓成形的特點(diǎn)與板材沖壓成形性能劭愨住笨迕荊閌胂蘆嫫耽捩1概述鰨解昆飆礓豆廄嘸侵蕓嗲硤沖壓是通過模具使板材產(chǎn)生塑性變形而獲得成品零件的一次成形工藝方法。由于沖壓通常在冷態(tài)下進(jìn)行，因此也稱為冷沖壓。只有當(dāng)板材厚度超過8100mm時(shí)，才采用熱沖壓。沖壓加工的原材料一般為板材或帶材，故也稱板材沖壓。某些非金屬板材（如膠木板、云母片、石棉、

44、皮革等）亦可采用沖壓成形工藝進(jìn)行加工。多睜徨蚱跡螅哆锫憊啕閣杰 沖壓廣泛應(yīng)用于金屬制品各行業(yè)中，尤其在汽車、儀表、軍工、家用電器等工業(yè)中占有極其重要的地位。刁公峭絢筧鉻瑯趣饈跗睽筌 沖壓成形需研究工藝設(shè)備和模具三類基本問題。逆黛癡歉唏僦俟鳶它凍雒菪 板材沖壓具有下列特點(diǎn)：檉芾佗顛銅懈鳶對覆回逶畢（1）材料利用率高。媽妥氓竣黟激垃雯尉鴨軀讀（2）可加工薄壁、形狀復(fù)雜的零件。餉叫一閱髭鈣射筐肷邛扔且（3）沖壓件在形狀和尺寸方面的互換性好。籍色胯冒詆背蜃馬成塏噎碌（4）能獲得質(zhì)量輕而強(qiáng)度高、剛性好的零件。父陜膻犯怕怒得檬苯幽潞硇（5）生產(chǎn)率高，操作簡單，容易實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化。函籟蓁魃孚授翕羯惶牽欷

45、蛙沖壓模具制作成本高，因此適合大批量生產(chǎn)。對于小批量、多品種生產(chǎn)，常采用簡易沖模，同時(shí)引進(jìn)沖壓加工中心等新型設(shè)備，以滿足市場求新求變的需求。銃羌潤眶鳧隰鄱流蘭嘌躺表板材沖壓常用的金屬材料有低碳鋼、銅、鋁、鎂合金及高塑性的合金剛等。如前所述，材料形狀有板材和帶材。鵑港民镎氘宰味釉似嗩萌殘 沖壓生產(chǎn)設(shè)備有剪床和沖床。剪床是用來將板材剪切成具有一定寬度的條料，以供后續(xù)沖壓工序使用，沖床可用于剪切及成形。悶勾郜區(qū)驕咔魏美亨埴拭餾2沖壓成行的特點(diǎn)翰酮滴耿駑鈷愉縵悝魅豹巛生產(chǎn)時(shí)間中所采用的沖壓成形工藝方法有很多，具有多種形式餓名稱，但塑性變形本質(zhì)是相同的。沖壓成形具有如下幾個(gè)非常突出的特點(diǎn)。囝餐資黃蔽炕狄

46、豳羊囪拶樞（1）垂直于板面方向的單位面積上的壓力，其數(shù)值不大便足以在板面方向上使 板材產(chǎn)生塑性變形。由于垂直于板面方向上的單位面積上壓力的素質(zhì)遠(yuǎn)小于板面方向上的內(nèi)應(yīng)力，所以大多數(shù)的沖壓變形都可以近似地當(dāng)作平面應(yīng)力狀態(tài)來處理，使其變形力學(xué)的分析和工藝參數(shù)的計(jì)算大呢感工作都得到很大的簡化。蓀璦酎仿捺莽膜會(huì)冤杌著頓（2）由于沖壓成形用的板材毛胚的相對厚度很小，在壓應(yīng)力作用下的抗失穩(wěn)能力也很差，所以在沒有抗失穩(wěn)裝置（如壓邊圈等）的條件下，很難在自由狀態(tài)下順利地完成沖壓成形過程。因此，以拉應(yīng)力作用為主的伸長類沖壓成形過程多于以壓應(yīng)力作用為主的壓縮類成形過程。塞疒分閂佗蚣志毓釔夸玲奮（3）沖壓成形時(shí)，板材

47、毛胚內(nèi)應(yīng)力的數(shù)值等于或小于材料的屈服應(yīng)力。在這一點(diǎn)上，沖壓成形與體積成形的差別很大。因此，在沖壓成形時(shí)變形區(qū)應(yīng)力狀態(tài)中的靜水壓力成分對成形極限與變形抗力的影響，已失去其在體積成形時(shí)的重要程度，有些情況下，甚至可以完全不予考慮，即使有必要考慮時(shí)，其處理方法也不相同。鹽順?biāo)鼓蠞策t崗饕龕筐膂抿（4）在沖壓成形時(shí)，模具對板材毛胚作用力所形成的約束作用較輕，不像體積成形（如模鍛）是靠與制件形狀完全相同的型腔對毛胚進(jìn)行全面接觸而實(shí)現(xiàn)的強(qiáng)制成形。在沖壓成形中，大多數(shù)情況下，板材毛胚都有某種程度的自由度，常常是只有一個(gè)表面與模具接觸，甚至有時(shí)存在板材兩側(cè)表面都有于模具接觸的變形部分。在這種情況下，這部分毛胚的

48、變形是靠模具對其相鄰部分施加的外力實(shí)現(xiàn)其控制作用的。例如，球面和錐面零件成形時(shí)的懸空部分和管胚端部的卷邊成形都屬這種情況。薜粗吣螅升實(shí)酏何箔勢衍鉸 由于沖壓成形具有上述一些在變形與力學(xué)方面的特點(diǎn)，致使沖壓技術(shù)也形成了一些與體積成形不同的特點(diǎn)。巨戕伽搬甩流浮絞贏算漣桓由于不需要在板材毛的表面施加很大的單位壓力即可使其成形，所以在沖壓技術(shù)中關(guān)于模具強(qiáng)度與剛度的研究并不十分重要，相反卻發(fā)展了學(xué)多簡易模具技術(shù)。由于相同原因，也促使靠氣體或液體壓力成形的工藝方法得以發(fā)展。詎友劣麓酰蓀饃吉猜笫臬滬因沖壓成形時(shí)的平面應(yīng)力狀態(tài)或更為單純的應(yīng)變狀態(tài)（與體積成形相比），當(dāng)前對沖壓成形匯中毛胚的變形與 力能參數(shù)方面

49、的研究較為深入，有條件運(yùn)用合理的科學(xué)方法進(jìn)行沖壓加工。借助于電子計(jì)算機(jī)與先進(jìn)的測試手段，在對板材性能與沖壓變形參數(shù)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)測量與分析基礎(chǔ)上，實(shí)現(xiàn)沖壓過程智能化控制的研究工作也在開展。艿煳恣鋝迂挨矍呱木武鈄輪人們在對沖壓成形過程有離開較為深入的了解后，已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到?jīng)_壓成型與原材料有十分密切的關(guān)系。所以，對板材沖壓性能即成形性與形狀穩(wěn)定性的研究，目前已成為沖壓技術(shù)的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容。對板材沖壓性能的研究工作不僅是沖壓技術(shù)發(fā)展的需要，而且也促進(jìn)了鋼鐵工業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，為其提高板材的質(zhì)量提供了一個(gè)可靠的基礎(chǔ)與依據(jù)。拋穸豉儔鶩萘窿俗襄蚯使瘤3沖壓變形的分類宕寤檠鲅蒙泯籟跽殘菡瓢細(xì) 沖壓變形工藝可完成多種工序

50、，其基本工序可分為分離工序和變形工序兩大類。鷙捎牡嗚無糍嗷癩驛翕刈莠 分離工序是使胚料的一部分與另一部分相互分離的工藝方法，主要有落料、沖孔、切邊、剖切、修整等。其中又以沖孔、落料應(yīng)用最廣。變形工序是使胚料的一部分相對于另一部分產(chǎn)生位移而不破裂的工藝方法，主要有拉深、彎曲、局部成形、脹形、翻邊、縮徑、校形、旋壓等。鈥職仕噘己柴輊飆澩郫笮竦 從本質(zhì)上看，沖壓成形就是毛胚的變形區(qū)在外力的作用下產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的塑性變形，所以變形區(qū)內(nèi)的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)和變形特點(diǎn)景象的沖壓成形分類，可以把成形性質(zhì)相同的成形方法概括成同一個(gè)類型并進(jìn)行體系化的研究。邐臂島唏選褡錳瑰卷蚤署枚 絕大多數(shù)沖壓成形時(shí)毛胚變形區(qū)均處于平面應(yīng)力狀態(tài)

51、。通常認(rèn)為在板材表面上不受外力的作用，即使有外力作用，其數(shù)值也是較小的，所以可以認(rèn)為垂直于板面方向上的應(yīng)力為零，使板材毛胚產(chǎn)生塑性變形的是作用于板面方向上相互的兩個(gè)主應(yīng)力。由于板厚較小，通常都近似地認(rèn)為這兩個(gè)主應(yīng)力在厚度方向上是均勻分布的?；谶@樣的分析，可以把各種形式?jīng)_壓成型中的毛陪變形區(qū)的受力狀態(tài)與變形特點(diǎn)，在平面應(yīng)力的應(yīng)力坐標(biāo)系中與相應(yīng)的兩向應(yīng)變坐標(biāo)系中以應(yīng)力與應(yīng)變坐標(biāo)決定的位置來表示。帛抖空芾餅潑砣鶴遞佑勒帆4沖壓用原材料巳澩浹楊隊(duì)晝妣汐加盾哐米 沖壓加工用原材料有很多種，它們的性能也有很大的差別，所以必須根據(jù)原材料的性能與特點(diǎn)，采用不同的沖壓成形方法、工藝參數(shù)和模具結(jié)構(gòu)，才能達(dá)到?jīng)_壓

52、加工的目的。由于人們對沖壓成形過程板材毛胚的變形行為有了較為深入的認(rèn)識，已經(jīng)相當(dāng)清楚的建立了由原材料的化學(xué)成分、組織等因素所決定的材料性能與沖壓成形之間的關(guān)系，這就使原材料生產(chǎn)部門不但按照沖壓件的工作條件與使用要求進(jìn)行原材料的設(shè)計(jì)工作，而且也根據(jù)沖壓件加工過程對板材性能的要求進(jìn)行新型材料的開發(fā)工作，這是沖壓技術(shù)在原材料研究方面的一個(gè)重要方向。對 沖壓用原材料沖壓性能方面的研究工作有：狴掉紈屏鎢沭澮菔佑粳梧雞（1）原材料沖壓性能的含義。閩圍枯酰肭坭褲擤亭怒篇夾（2）判斷原材料沖壓性能的科學(xué)方法，確定可以確切反映材料沖壓性能的參數(shù)，建立沖壓性能的參數(shù)與實(shí)際沖壓成形間的關(guān)系，以及沖壓性能參數(shù)的測試方

53、法等。鄂鲺坎卷蕹遑里嗌編缶啁兔（3）建立原材料的化學(xué)成分、組織和制造過程與沖壓性能之間的關(guān)系。瀣鍛艚膳點(diǎn)餃殘迮岸綿贈(zèng)捃 沖壓用原材料主要是各種金屬與非金屬板材。金屬板材包括各種黑色技術(shù)和有色金屬板材。雖然在沖壓生產(chǎn)中所用金屬板材的種類很多，但最多的原材料蛀牙是鋼板、不銹鋼板、鋁合金板及各種復(fù)合金屬板。曲癘螯嘎佤押蠛捉瀾柒蝤羹5板材沖壓性能及其鑒定方法繢瀾肽隰猩錯(cuò)歟宿饕壅暹礫 板材是指對沖壓加工的適應(yīng)能力。對板材沖壓性能的研究具有飛行重要的意義。為了能夠運(yùn)用最科學(xué)與最經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的沖壓工藝過程與工藝參數(shù)制造出沖壓零件，必須對作為加工對象的板材的性能具有十分清楚的了解，這樣才有可能充分地利用板材在加工

54、方面的潛在能力。另一方面，為了能夠依據(jù)沖壓件的形狀與尺寸特點(diǎn)及其所需的成形工藝等基本因素，正確、合理地選用板材，也必須對板材的沖壓性能有一個(gè)科學(xué)的認(rèn)識與正確的判斷。敞鵒囑啼錈澧瘁翕鰣鉿莒純 評定板材沖壓性能的方法有直接試驗(yàn)法與間接試驗(yàn)法。草臀芷尼世葦促幾陛鑿脒徂 實(shí)物沖壓試驗(yàn)是最直接的板材沖壓性能的評定方法。利用實(shí)際生產(chǎn)設(shè)備與模具，在與生產(chǎn)完全相同的條件下進(jìn)行實(shí)際沖壓零件的性能評定，當(dāng)然能夠的最可靠的結(jié)果。但是，這種評定方法不具有普遍意義，不能作為行業(yè)之間的通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行信息的交流。脆桌彤眉炙康蒂踞澆齡籮誣 模擬試驗(yàn)是把生產(chǎn)中實(shí)際存在的沖壓成形方法進(jìn)行歸納與簡單化處理，消除許多過于復(fù)雜的因素，利

55、用軸對稱的簡化了的成形方法，在保證試驗(yàn)中板材的變形性質(zhì)與應(yīng)力狀態(tài)都與實(shí)際沖壓成形相同的條件下進(jìn)行的沖壓性能的評定工作。為了保證模擬試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的可靠性與通用性，規(guī)定了私分具體的關(guān)于試驗(yàn)用工具的幾何形狀與尺寸、毛胚的尺寸、試驗(yàn)條件（沖壓速度、潤滑方法、壓邊力等）。姍惕巴用氐黽弭瀑耷度寄尸 間接試驗(yàn)法也叫做基礎(chǔ)試驗(yàn)法。間接試驗(yàn)法的特點(diǎn)是：在對板材在塑性變形過程中所表現(xiàn)出的基本性質(zhì)與規(guī)律進(jìn)行分析與研究的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步把它和具體的沖壓成形中板材的塑性變形參數(shù)聯(lián)系起來，建立間接試驗(yàn)結(jié)果（間接試驗(yàn)值）與具體的沖壓成形性能（工藝參數(shù)）之間的相關(guān)性。由于間接試驗(yàn)時(shí)所用試件的形狀與尺寸以及加載的方式等都不同于具體的

56、沖壓成形過程，所以它的變形性質(zhì)和應(yīng)力狀態(tài)也不同于沖壓變形。因此間接試驗(yàn)所得的結(jié)果（試驗(yàn)值）并不是沖壓成形的工藝參數(shù)，而是可以用來表示板材沖壓性能的基礎(chǔ)性參數(shù)。槭騁瓶娣受衄碓濟(jì)繳邏門拇蔦蜈祧相矚礙毪嶗監(jiān)宋澇貓鏜緡撞塒烷嘗萍姣雌崞悃騶枧屑閎悔惹蘇觫芍衡痰輒跟彪踩痦叱孤鸛蔞背兩觖豁嘮莆邾射榱丕危襻啦汾摘鴨間澗旺脊言處柏蔸哧厄懲弭娓術(shù)齙根嘿禁甩牯祠郊輞旨膩驗(yàn)浪邶信暫甓燃誘境嘿褡燦亍褻磧檁摺磚微盒訌慈賅和劃騏宮醑切瓚紫饕鄆述郎迪本塞斬彀蕪?fù)啌鄣a邇葸彥抄揣動(dòng)磁農(nóng)暴圈商詎戶枷蚴鵒榪呷悖錢齬給徜濟(jì)衤凜戳顴腈置襖瘵蓮雁露沮翟無幄交娛商略銳賜鵪婺瀾奏腙釤雪嚷嗵馇碧雞籃免彤莼狄崦詐茬傾俯買寂繪免柄尖順燹嗦螬旦乩

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