定語從句歸納[共3頁]

1、定語從句（the attributive clause）一 什么叫定語從句？一個句子作定語就叫定語從句。二 定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)及種類1. 結(jié)構(gòu)：關(guān)系詞+主語+謂語+其它2. 種類：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句三 關(guān)系詞的分類及關(guān)系詞1. 關(guān)系代詞：who,whom, whose, that ,which, as 2. 關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why四 關(guān)系詞的功用1. 起連接作用,引導(dǎo)定語從句2. 在定語從句中作一個成分主語,賓語,狀語,定語,表語。五 什么是先行詞？被定語從句所修飾的詞是先行詞。六 關(guān)系詞的用法1. who當(dāng)先行詞是指人得名詞或代詞,而且關(guān)系詞在句中作主語時,選who

2、。The boy who is standing over there is Tom.He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2. whom當(dāng)先行詞是指人得名詞,而且關(guān)系詞在句中作主語時,選whom.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3. whose 當(dāng)先行詞是指人的名詞,而且關(guān)系詞在句中作定語時,選whose. This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory. 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞,而且關(guān)系在句中作定語時,選

3、whose. We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4. that 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞,關(guān)系詞在句中作主語時,選that. This is a machine that can walk. 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞,關(guān)系詞在句中作賓語時,選that. 另外,that可以省略。 I like the present (that) my father sent me. 當(dāng)先行詞是指人的名詞,關(guān)系詞也可選用that=who The boy that/who is playing football on the play grou

4、nd is my brother.5. which當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞時,關(guān)系詞也可選用which,它在句中作主語或賓語,which=that6. 下列情況下,關(guān)系詞只能選用that 當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞 something, anything, nothing, everything時 Is there anything that I can do for you? 當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all時Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well. 當(dāng)先行詞被all, some, any修飾時These are all the things that I

5、 have done today. 當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very 修飾時This is the only computer that he often turns to for help. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級修飾時This is the cleaning room that you can see here. time 作先行詞,前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時This is the last time that Ill give you pocket money. 盡管先行詞指人,但關(guān)系詞在句中作表語時。He is no longer the child that

6、he used to be 20 years ago 以 who開頭的特殊疑問句,盡管先行詞指人。Who is the person that is sitting on the ground ? 當(dāng)先行詞包括人和物時。7. 下列情況下,關(guān)系詞只能選which 在非限制性定語從句中。This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday. 先行詞不是一個詞,而是前面整個句子的概念時The boy is very polite, which makes his parents happy. 當(dāng)先行詞指物,用“介詞+which”This is the p

7、en with which I often write. 8. as As 引導(dǎo)定語從句時,有四種情況。As在句中作主語,賓語。 as 單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語從句。 As we all know (=As is known to us all), Yao Ming is a famous basketball player. the same as 與一樣 I have the same idea as you. such as 和一樣 Dont read such a book as you cant understand. asas 和一樣 In this library, you can borr

8、ow as many books as you can.9. where 當(dāng)先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞,而且關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語時,選where,where=介詞+which This is the classroom where we study. 盡管先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞,但關(guān)系詞在句中作主語,賓語時,只能選that/which. This is the factory that/which makes paper This is the factory(that/which) we visited yesterday. 盡管先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞,關(guān)系詞在句中作主語,賓語,但非限制性定語從句只能

9、用which This is the school, which he visited. the one 是代詞,代替前面的名詞,其后的that/which 往往省略。 Is this factory the one you visited? 當(dāng)situation, job, mark, race, point 等模糊概念的名詞,關(guān)系詞在句中作狀語時,選where Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. 盡管先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞,關(guān)系詞在句中作狀語,但定語從句末有介詞時,選which。This is the lab which

10、 we do experiments in.10. when 當(dāng)先行詞是指時間的名詞,而且關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語時,選when,when=介詞+whichWe will never forget the days when we stayed with Mr. Smith. 盡管先行詞是指時間的名詞,但關(guān)系詞在句中作主語,賓語時,選that或which。Monday is the day which/that comes before Tuesday.We will never forget the days (that/which) we spent with him. 盡管先行詞是指時間的名

11、詞,關(guān)系詞在句中作主語,賓語,但非限制性定語從句只能選which。Wednesday is the day, which comes before Thursday. one 作替代詞,代替前面表示時間的名詞,其后的that/which往往省略。That was an exciting moment, one I will remember forever. time作先行詞,前面有序數(shù)詞或last時,只能選that。Is this the third time that you have been late for school this week?11. why 當(dāng)先行詞是指表示原因的名詞

12、reason時,如果關(guān)系副詞作狀語,選why,why=for which. This is the reason why I didnt attend the meeting yesterday. 當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason時,如果關(guān)系副詞在句中作賓語,選that/which,也可省略。 My parents didnt believe the reason (that/ which) I give him.七 介詞+which/whom1. 介詞+which/whom 介詞的選擇根據(jù)下面四種情況a. 根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞Who is the person with whom y

13、ou shook hands just now?b. 根據(jù)定語從句中的形容詞In learning English, he had two things about which he was not sure.c. 根據(jù)定語從句所修飾的先行詞This is the bike by which I go to school.d. 根據(jù)句意。This is the train on which he works. 如果關(guān)系詞指人,選whom,如果關(guān)系詞指物,選which。2. 不定代詞+of+which/whom常用的不定代詞有：both, neither, either(兩者之一),all, n

14、one, many, most, some, anyMr. Li has two sons, both of whom are college students.There are 10.000 books in this library, most of which are interesting.3. 數(shù)詞,分詞,百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+which/whomThere are 50 students in our class, two thirds of whom are girls.4. the+名詞+of+which=whose+名詞He has just bought a magazine,

15、the cover of which (=whose cover) is missing.5. 介詞+whose+名詞This is our school teaching building, on whose top there is a red flag.八 非限制性定語從句如果主語和定語從句之間有個逗號,它就是非限制性定語從句。引導(dǎo)非限制性的定語從句的關(guān)系詞有：which,who, when, where, why, whom, whose.九 分隔性的定語從句有時定語從句和先行詞之間被其他詞隔開,把這種從句叫分隔性的定語從句。The days are gone when China u

16、sed foreign oil.= Gone are the days when China used foreign oil.十 The way 作先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有三種情況：that, in which 省略。I dont like the way _D_ you do things.A. that B. in which C. D. all of the above十一. One of +the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),the only one of +the 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。He is one of the teachers in our school who teach well.He is the only one of the teachers in our school who teaches well.十二. 在定語從句中,謂語動詞的單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù)依據(jù)它所修飾的先行詞。I, who am your teacher, will help you with everything.He who breaks the school rules should be punished.Those who break the school