完整word版語言學(xué)課后題word文檔良心出品

1、I.Fill in the blanks（1） Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and conventionality of language makes learning a language laborious. For learners of a foreign language, it is this feature of language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness.（丿l連夕卜院 2008）（2） Human language

2、is arbitrary: Tlus refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the meaning it is associated with. （A A 2007）（3） human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present at the moment of communication. Th

3、is quality is labeled as displacement.（北二夕卜 2006）（4） Halliday proposes a theory of metafimctions of language, that is, language has ideational, interpersonal and textual hmctions.（中山人學(xué) 2008）（5） Our language can be used to talk about itself. This is the metalingual（7Cin ft） function of language.（中山大學(xué)

4、 2005 ）（6） when language is used for establishuig an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas, its function is pliatic fimction.（北二夕卜 2005）（7）Pragmatics can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolingiiistics, on the other hand. attempts to show

5、the relationship behveen language and society.（8）Descriptive grammars attempt to tell what is in the language, while prescriptive grammars tell people what should be in the language. Most conteinporaty linguists believe tliat whatever occurs naturally ui the language should be described.（人人 2006）（9）

6、The description of a language as it changes through time is a Diachronic （歷時(shí)） Linguistic study.lO.There are two fields of morphology: the study of inflectional and the study of derivational.（人大2006研）II. A bound morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself.（北二夕卜 2003）12.Affix is the collec

7、tive term for the type of formative that can be vised only when added to another morpheme. Affixes are limited in number in a language. and are generally classified into（北郵）tliree subtypes, namely prefix, suffix, and infixroot.and boundl3.Boiuid morphemes are classified into two types: affix called

8、also They are connections which exist within texts. 14. Cohesion refers to ties and 2007） ） 人人 formal links between sentences and between clauses （15.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to. or stands2008）（中 ill fb匚 is known as the referential theoty. 2007

9、） is the teclmical name for the sameness relation.（北 夕卜 16. Synonymy kitch 已 n implements hyponyms of the tenn “ and ladle M are 17. Terms like urolling pin）（北二外 2005 2003）（北二外are converse antonyrms. v.18. Antonyms like “ husband“ wifeof peculiarities individual used by speakers, with refers 19 Idio

10、lect to varieties of a languagepronunciation, granmiar and vocabulary. In fact, no two speakers speak exactly the same dialect.Each speaker has certain characteristic features of liis own in his way of speaking.（人人 2007 ）. Sapir andwhorf （淸華 2001） “l(fā)inguistic relativity was proposed by 2O.the inconn

11、oted the its is itself not sexist, but use may reflect social attitude Language 21. language that is sexist.not or a not that were Performatives22. sentences did state fact describe and a state, were verifiable.b. dualityB. clipping A. acronyTnC. both bound and freeA.A. TabooC. EuphemismB. Diglossia

12、D. Dialect23.111 making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the Cooperatire principle proposed by J.Grice , constatives24.In Austin* s How to Do Things with word, he first distinguishes performatives andand , Illocutionary actstart to distingui

13、sh Locutionarv actlater on Austin made a fresh perlocutionar- act.25.The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the2008) interlanguage.(中 ill process of learning a language is often referred to as is formed when the learner attempts to learn a new langua

14、ge, and it has features 26 Interlanguage 2006) of both the first language and the second language but is neither.(中 山 correct language is mistake appears when the 27.Error is the grammatically incorrect form:2008) granmiatically but improper in a conimumcational context.(中 ill learners acquire langu

15、age as a result of Input hypothesis 28. Accordmg to Krashen1 s (1985) comprehending input addressed to them.and errors often divided into Interlingiialln terms of the source of errors, errors are 29.errors, intralingual(西夕卜(1) By _c_ we mean language is resourceful beeaxise of its duality and recurs

16、iveness.)2006d. displacementc. creativitya. Arbitrariness”2) The word UN is formed m the way of a_.(西安交人 2008D. blendingC.imtialism2003) (3)Compound words consist of _c_ morphemes.(北二夕卜 bound B. free) Which of the following words is formed by the process of blending? b (對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào) 2006 B MotelA. WTO (acro

17、nym)D. red-faced C. bookshelf)(人連外國(guó) 2008(5)Which of the following is not a process of the lexical change? c C. lexiconA Invention B. acronymA deals with the relationship benveen the linguistic element and the non-lingiiistic world (6) experience.(西交大 2008B. conceptA. ReferenceD. SenseC. semantics_D_

18、is a phenomenon that in some speech communities two languages exist side by side )(7situation occurs when the switching to having with each a different role play; and language (天津外院 2011) changes.B. DiglossiaA. BilingualismD. CreoleC. Pidgin_refers to the use of a word which is thought to be less of

19、fensive or luipleasant tlian (8) another word.A. Code mixingC code switchingB. restricted codeD. elaborated code(9) ._C_ refers to a mixing of two codes or languages, usually without a change of topic. It can involve various levels of language, e.g. phonology morphology, grammatical structures or le

20、xical items.(10)In sociolingiiistic studies, speaker are regarded as members of social groups, the social group that is singled out for any special study is called A .A.the speech communityB. the linguistic groupC. the linguistic communityD. the speech variety group(11)The speech act theory was deve

21、loped by _B _.(對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào) 2006)A. John Searle B John AustinC. LevinsonD. G. Leech(12)_is using a sentence to perform a function.(西夕卜 2006)A. Perlocutionaryr actB. an illocutionary- actC. a locutionary actD. Speech act(13)By saying “ you have left the door ZTde open ”，a speaker might be performing the tlir

22、ee acts:locutioiiarr, illocutionary and perlocutuionaryr_.(西 安交人 2008)A. at the same tune B. one after anotherC. two first and then the otherD. one first and then the other two)(西安交大 200814.The illocutionary* Act was developed by A . A. John Austin B. LevinsonD. Jolin Searle C. Jolin Lyonsspeak should Grice, _B _suggested by one 15.According to the conversation maxim of2006)(西外 truthfully.B. quality A. QuantityD. manner relevance C.Which of the following is not one of the four maxims of the Cooperative