散文名作翻譯欣賞

1、散文翻譯名作欣賞The appreciation of excellent translation of prose by famous translators功能對(duì)等論功能對(duì)等論（functional equivalencefunctional equivalence） 形式對(duì)等：（形式對(duì)等：（formal equivalenceformal equivalence） 以原文為中心，盡可能的顯示出原文信息的形式和內(nèi)容以原文為中心，盡可能的顯示出原文信息的形式和內(nèi)容. 關(guān)注形式和關(guān)注形式和內(nèi)容，是詞與詞、句與句、概念與概念之間的對(duì)應(yīng)。接受語(yǔ)的信息應(yīng)該內(nèi)容，是詞與詞、句與句、概念與概念之間的對(duì)應(yīng)

2、。接受語(yǔ)的信息應(yīng)該盡可能和源語(yǔ)中的各種因素分別對(duì)應(yīng)。盡可能和源語(yǔ)中的各種因素分別對(duì)應(yīng)。 （ Formal equivalence is the quality of a translation in which Formal equivalence is the quality of a translation in which the features of the the features of the form form of the source text of the source text（原文原文） have been have been mechanically mechani

3、cally reproducedreproduced in the target language in the target language（目的語(yǔ)目的語(yǔ)）. . It is characterized by a concern for accuracy and a preference It is characterized by a concern for accuracy and a preference for for retainingretaining the the original wording original wording wherever possible. wh

4、erever possible. 動(dòng)態(tài)功能對(duì)等：（動(dòng)態(tài)功能對(duì)等：（dynamic equivalencedynamic equivalence） 與源語(yǔ)信息與源語(yǔ)信息最貼近最貼近的的自然對(duì)等物自然對(duì)等物。注重讀者反映，以最貼近、最自然的對(duì)等語(yǔ)再現(xiàn)原文信息，使譯文讀者能夠達(dá)到和原文讀者一樣的理解和欣賞原文的程度。 動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等包括四個(gè)方面：動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等包括四個(gè)方面：1. 詞匯對(duì)等；詞匯對(duì)等；2. 句法對(duì)等；句法對(duì)等；3. 篇章對(duì)等；篇章對(duì)等；4.文體對(duì)等。文體對(duì)等。 在上述四個(gè)方面中，奈達(dá)認(rèn)為 “意義是最重要的，形式其次” 形式很可能掩藏源語(yǔ)的文化意義，并阻礙文化交流。 Dynamic equivale

5、nce is the quality which characterizes a translation in which the message of the original text has been so transported into the receptor language that the response of the receptor is essentially like that of the original receptors. In the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is the king. Version 1

6、: 蜀中無(wú)大將，廖化作先鋒。 Version 2: 盲人國(guó)里，獨(dú)眼為王。 Version 1 belong to dynamic equivalence while version 2 is equivalent in form. prose 我們常常在一個(gè)陽(yáng)光正好的午后讀到朱自清先生那些膾炙人口的名篇。 難以矢口否認(rèn)的是朱自清先生的散文清雋沉郁,總是能輕易地把我們引進(jìn)他唯美的世界中去，對(duì)時(shí)光的感慨也好，對(duì)親情的觸動(dòng)也罷，都寫到了我們內(nèi)心的那根弦上。 而恰恰也正是因?yàn)樯⑽?朱自清先生才在星輝璀璨的中國(guó)現(xiàn)代文學(xué)史上，奪目光彩。 這些散文中，那些妙不可言的文段許許多多都已成為經(jīng)典，讓我們每次讀起來(lái)

7、都愛不釋手. 匆匆 寫于五四運(yùn)動(dòng)后期，是朱自清先生眾多散文佳作之一。改作展現(xiàn)了作者在對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)失望的情況下，有志青年內(nèi)心深處的惆悵、彷徨和迷茫。作者在對(duì)時(shí)光匆匆流轉(zhuǎn)的喟嘆中，表達(dá)了自己不甘于沉淪卻又無(wú)可奈何的復(fù)雜心情。 匆匆一文語(yǔ)言雋永醇厚，篇幅短小，格調(diào)委婉，意境悠遠(yuǎn)。翻譯難度較大。u文章的特點(diǎn)：文章的特點(diǎn)：一是結(jié)構(gòu)精巧，層次清楚，轉(zhuǎn)承自然，首尾呼應(yīng)二是文字清秀雋永，純樸簡(jiǎn)練三是情景交融，無(wú)論是寫燕子、楊柳、桃花，還是寫太陽(yáng)，都與“我們的日子為什么一去不復(fù)返呢”的感嘆融為一體，處處流露出作者對(duì)時(shí)光流逝感到處處流露出作者對(duì)時(shí)光流逝感到無(wú)奈和惋惜。無(wú)奈和惋惜。作品賞析作品賞析譯者介紹 張培基， 福建

8、福州人，出生于1921年。早年移居上海，在那里接受了初等和中等教育。張先生1945年畢業(yè)于上海圣約翰大學(xué)英國(guó)文學(xué)系。譯者介紹 朱純深，畢業(yè)于香港城市大學(xué)，博士。燕子去了，有再來(lái)的時(shí)候；楊柳枯了，有再青的時(shí)候；桃花謝了，有再開的時(shí)候。 張培基譯文張培基譯文 If swallows go away, they will come back again. If willows wither, they will turn green again. If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again. 朱純深譯文朱純深譯文 Swallows may have

9、gone, but there is a time of return; Willow trees may have died back, but there is a time of regreening; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they will bloom again. 11Contrast Between English and ChineseChineseMeaning-focused with emphasis on implicit coherence (隱性連貫)Paratactic語(yǔ)義型語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)義型語(yǔ)言(以意統(tǒng)形)English

10、Form-focused with emphasis on explicit cohesion（顯性聯(lián)接）Hypotactic形態(tài)型語(yǔ)言形態(tài)型語(yǔ)言(以形馭意)12形合與意合形合與意合 形合與意合是形合與意合是英漢在語(yǔ)言學(xué)上最重要的一個(gè)區(qū)別英漢在語(yǔ)言學(xué)上最重要的一個(gè)區(qū)別 英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)：形合：形合Hypotaxis ，長(zhǎng)句多，強(qiáng)調(diào)，長(zhǎng)句多，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性和和形形態(tài)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性態(tài)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密緊湊結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密緊湊，主次分明主次分明，依靠代詞、介詞、依靠代詞、介詞、連詞建立骨架并將句子串起連詞建立骨架并將句子串起。 漢語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)：意合：意合Parataxis （形散），強(qiáng)調(diào)（形散），強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容和表意的

11、完整內(nèi)容和表意的完整性，性，?？砍？空Z(yǔ)意的邏輯語(yǔ)意的邏輯將句子串起，將句子串起，連詞介詞都少于英語(yǔ)連詞介詞都少于英語(yǔ)。 英譯漢英譯漢時(shí)，往往要先分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，形式，才能確定句時(shí)，往往要先分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，形式，才能確定句子的功能、意義；子的功能、意義； 漢譯英時(shí)，往往要先分析句子的功能、意義，才能確定句漢譯英時(shí)，往往要先分析句子的功能、意義，才能確定句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、形式。（基本方法）子的結(jié)構(gòu)、形式。（基本方法）13英語(yǔ)重形合,漢語(yǔ)重意合. 他不去我去. Id like to go if he wouldnt. 打死我也不說(shuō)。 Even if I were to be beaten to death

12、, I will not tell. 他不去我才去. Id go there only if he wont. 人窮志短 When a man is poor his ambition is not far-reaching. (Poverty stifles ambition.) 人窮志不短. Though one is poor, he has high ambition. 人有臉,樹有皮. The face is as important to a man as the bark to a tree.但是，聰明的，你告訴我，我們的日子為什么一去不復(fù)返呢？ 張培基譯文張培基譯文 But,

13、tell me, you the wise, why should our days go by never to return? With the time going by朱純深譯文朱純深譯文 Now, you the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return ?是有人偷了他們罷：那是誰(shuí)？又藏在何處呢？是他們自己逃走了罷：現(xiàn)在又到了哪里呢？ 張培基譯文張培基譯文 Perhaps they have been stolen by someone. But who could it be and where cou

14、ld he hide them? Perhaps they have just run away by themselves. But where could they be at the present moment?朱純深譯文朱純深譯文- If they had been stolen by someone, who could it be? Where could he hide them? - If they had made the escape themselves, then where could they stay at the moment?我不知道他們給了我多少日子；但我

15、的手確乎是漸漸空虛了。 張培基譯文張培基譯文 I dont know how many days I am entitled to altogether, but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away. be entitled to:享有 Quota: 份額，配額 Wear：磨損，耗費(fèi)朱純深譯文朱純深譯文 I dont know how many days I have been given to spend, but I do feel my hands are getting empty. 17英語(yǔ)多被動(dòng);漢語(yǔ)多主動(dòng) 1)強(qiáng)調(diào)受事,突出被

16、動(dòng)狀態(tài). 地球上早期的火是大自然而不是人類引燃的. Early fires on the earth were caused by nature, not by man. 2)因種種原因,不出現(xiàn)或無(wú)須說(shuō)明施事者. 這種書是給兒童寫的. Such books are written for children. 3)使句子結(jié)構(gòu)勻稱,文氣連貫. 他出現(xiàn)在臺(tái)上,群眾報(bào)以熱烈的掌聲. He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 4)漢語(yǔ)中的某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)或泛指人稱為主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句. 大家都認(rèn)為這樣做是不妥當(dāng)?shù)? It

17、is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 有人給你打電話. You are wanted on the phone.在默默里算著，八千多日子已經(jīng)從我手中溜去； 張培基譯文張培基譯文 Counting up silently, I find that more than 8.000 days have already slipped away through my fingers. Slip away: 溜，可用于時(shí)間流逝 Time is like water朱純深譯文朱純深譯文 Taking stock silently, I

18、 find that more than eight thousand days have already slid away from me. Take stock: 進(jìn)行后思;作出評(píng)估像針尖上一滴水在滴大海里，我的日子滴在時(shí)間的流里，沒(méi)有聲音，也沒(méi)有影子。 張培基譯文張培基譯文 Like a drop of water falling off a needle point into the ocean, my days are quietly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace. trace：痕跡，蹤跡朱純深譯文

19、朱純深譯文. Like a drop of water from the point of a needle disappearing into the ocean, my days are dripping into the stream of time, soundless, traceless. 我不禁頭涔涔而淚潸潸了。 張培基譯文張培基譯文 At the thought of this ,sweat oozes from my forehead and tears trickle down my cheeks. 增譯法：addition Ooze:慢慢滲出 Trick：細(xì)流朱純深譯文朱

20、純深譯文Already sweat is starting on my forehead, and tears welling up in my eyes.Well：涌出去的盡管去了，來(lái)的盡管來(lái)著；去來(lái)的中間，又怎樣地匆匆呢？ 張培基譯文張培基譯文 What is gone is gone, what is to come keeps coming. How swift is the transition in between! Transition: 過(guò)程或時(shí)間過(guò)程或時(shí)間的過(guò)渡，轉(zhuǎn)變的過(guò)渡，轉(zhuǎn)變朱純深譯文朱純深譯文 Those that have gone have gone for goo

21、d, those to come keep coming; yet in between, how swift is the shift, in such a rush ? Shift: 立場(chǎng)觀點(diǎn)等的轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)缟衔移饋?lái)的時(shí)候，小屋里射進(jìn)兩三方斜斜的太陽(yáng)。 張培基譯文張培基譯文 When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun cast two or three squnrish patches of light into my small room. Squnrish: of square朱純深譯文朱純深譯文 When I get up in the m

22、orning, the slanting sun marks its presence in my small room in two or three oblongs.Oblong: 長(zhǎng)方形 太陽(yáng)他有腳啊，輕輕悄悄輕輕悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然跟著旋轉(zhuǎn)。 張培基譯文張培基譯文 The sun has feet too, edging away softly and stealthily. And, without knowing it, I am already caught in its revolution . Edge away: 徐徐移動(dòng)朱純深譯文朱純深譯文The sun has fe

23、et, look, he is treading on, lightly and furtively; and I am caught, blankly, in his revolution.Tread on：步行，踩，踏Blankly：木然，沒(méi)表情于是洗手的時(shí)候，日子從水盆里過(guò)去；吃飯的時(shí)候，日子從飯碗里過(guò)去；默默時(shí)默默時(shí)，便從凝然的雙眼前過(guò)去。 張培基譯文張培基譯文 Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands; vanishes in the rice bowl when I have meal; passes

24、 away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie. 朱純深譯文朱純深譯文 Thus-the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands, wears off in the bowl when I eat my meal, and passes away before my day-dreaming gaze as I reflect in silence我覺察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽時(shí)，他又從遮挽著的手邊過(guò)去過(guò)去， 張培基譯文張培基譯文

25、Aware of its fleeting presence, I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my out-reached hands. Reach out for sth:伸手去摸 Brush past sb:擦肩而過(guò) Concise: less words 朱純深譯文朱純深譯文. I can feel his haste now, so I reach out my hands to hold him back, but he keeps flowing past my withholding hands.天黑時(shí)，我躺在床

26、上，他便伶伶俐俐地從我身上跨過(guò)，從我腳邊飛飛去了。 張培基譯文張培基譯文 In the evening, when I lie on my bed, it nimbly strides over my body and flits past my feet. Nimbly: 靈活的，敏捷的 Flit:掠過(guò)，飛過(guò)朱純深譯文朱純深譯文. In the evening, as I lie in bed, he strides over my body, glides past my feet, in his agile way.Glide：滑過(guò)等我睜開眼和太陽(yáng)再見，這算又溜走了一日。我掩著面嘆息。但

27、是新來(lái)的日子的影兒又開始在嘆息里閃過(guò)閃過(guò)了。 張培基譯文張培基譯文 By the time when I open my eyes to meet the sun again ,another day is already gone. I heave a sigh, my head buried in my hands. But, in the midst of my sighs, a new day is flashing past.朱純深譯文朱純深譯文 The moment I open my eyes and meet the sun again, one whole day has g

28、one. I bury my face in my hands and heave a sigh. But the new day begins to flash past in the sigh.在逃去如飛的日子里，在千門萬(wàn)戶的世界里的我能做些什么呢？； 張培基譯文張培基譯文 Living in this world with its fleeting days and teeming millions, Fleeting: 一閃即逝的 Teeming：充滿朱純深譯文朱純深譯文 What can I do, in this bustling world, with my days flyin

29、g in their escape? Bustling: 熙熙攘攘只有徘徊徘徊罷了，只有匆匆匆匆罷了 張培基譯文張培基譯文 what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life ? rhythm: 押韻朱純深譯文朱純深譯文 Nothing but to hesitate, to rush. 在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢？ 張培基譯文張培基譯文 What have I been doing during the 8,000 fleeting days except wavering and wandering? 朱

30、純深譯文朱純深譯文 What have I been doing in that eight-thousand-day rush, apart from hesitating?過(guò)去的日子如輕煙，被微風(fēng)吹散了，如薄霧，被初陽(yáng)蒸融了； 張培基譯文張培基譯文 The bygone days, like wisps of smoke, have been dispersed by gentle winds, and, like thin mist, have been evaporated by the rising sun. Wisp：一縷 Thin：薄朱純深譯文朱純深譯文 Those bygone

31、 days have been dispersed as smoke by a light wind, or evaporated as mist by the morning sun. 我留著些什么痕跡呢？我何曾留著像游絲樣的痕跡呢？ 張培基譯文張培基譯文 What traces have I left behind? No ,nothing, not even gossamer-like traces. 朱純深譯文朱純深譯文What traces have I left behind me? Have I ever left behind any gossamer traces at al

32、l? 我赤裸裸來(lái)到這世界，轉(zhuǎn)眼間也將赤裸裸的回去罷。 張培基譯文張培基譯文 I have come to this world stark naked, and in the twinkling of an eye , I am go to back as stark naked as ever. 朱純深譯文朱純深譯文 I have come to the world, stark naked; am I to go back, in a blink, in the same stark nakedness? 但不能平的，為什么偏要白白走這一遭啊？ 張培基譯文張培基譯文 I am taking

33、 it very much to heart: why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing at all? 朱純深譯文朱純深譯文 It is not fair though: why should I have made such a trip for nothing!你聰明的，告訴我，我們的日子為什么一去不復(fù)返呢？ 張培基譯文張培基譯文 O you the wise, would you tell me please: why should our days go by never to return?朱純深譯文朱純

34、深譯文 You the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return? comparison and analysisV1-（張培基譯） 較準(zhǔn)確與傳神地譯出原文作者的情感：對(duì)時(shí)光逝去的無(wú)奈 用詞地道，凝練，更具有美感，符合原文散文詩(shī)的特點(diǎn)。 注重動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等，強(qiáng)調(diào)譯文讀者和原文讀者獲得同樣的感受。V2-（朱純深朱純深譯） 注重形式對(duì)等，過(guò)于強(qiáng)調(diào)用詞和句式的一致，所以未能很好傳達(dá)原文作者所要表達(dá)的意義和情感。 偶有佳譯。匆匆 張培基譯文張培基譯文 Transient Days Continuing for only a sh

35、ort time朱純深譯文朱純深譯文 rushMove with great speed 總結(jié)原文風(fēng)格與感情不可忽視， 散文翻譯要注意措辭的文學(xué)性, 創(chuàng)造性, 具有文學(xué)色彩，譯者必須心領(lǐng)神會(huì)原作的精神, 避免機(jī) 械地逐詞翻譯，譯者應(yīng)先捕捉原作的思想、感情、風(fēng)格、神韻, 然后運(yùn)用自己的匠心把它們表現(xiàn)在另一語(yǔ)言里。 謝謝謝謝！附：匆匆原文及兩個(gè)譯文 燕子去了，有再來(lái)的時(shí)候；楊柳枯了，有再青的時(shí)候；桃花謝了，有再開的時(shí)候。但是，聰明的，你告訴我，我們的日子為什么一去不復(fù)返呢？是有人偷了他們罷：那是誰(shuí)？又藏在何處呢？是他們自己逃走了：現(xiàn)在又到了哪里呢？ 我不知道他們給了我多少日子；但我的手確乎是漸漸空

36、虛了。在默默里算著，八千多日子已經(jīng)從我手中溜去；象針尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在時(shí)間的流里，沒(méi)有聲音也沒(méi)有影子。我不禁頭涔涔而淚潸潸了。 去的盡管去了，來(lái)的盡管來(lái)著，去來(lái)的中間，又怎樣的匆匆呢？早上我起來(lái)的時(shí)候，小屋里射進(jìn)兩三方斜斜的太陽(yáng)。太陽(yáng)他有腳啊，輕輕悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然跟著旋轉(zhuǎn)。于是洗手的時(shí)候，日子從水盆里過(guò)去；吃飯的時(shí)候，日子從飯碗里過(guò)去；默默時(shí)，便從凝然的雙眼前過(guò)去。我覺察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽時(shí)，他又從遮挽著的手邊過(guò)去，天黑時(shí)，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地從我身邊垮過(guò)，從我腳邊飛去了。等我睜開眼和太陽(yáng)再見，這算又溜走了一日。我掩著面嘆息。但是新來(lái)的日子的影兒又開始在嘆息

37、里閃過(guò)了。 在逃去如飛的日子里，在千門萬(wàn)戶的世界里的我能做些什么呢？只有徘徊罷了，只有匆匆罷了；在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢？過(guò)去的日子如輕煙卻被微風(fēng)吹散了，如薄霧，被初陽(yáng)蒸融了；我留著些什么痕跡呢？我何曾留著象游絲樣的痕跡呢？我赤裸裸來(lái)到這世界，轉(zhuǎn)眼間也將赤裸裸地回去罷？但不能平的，為什么偏要白白走這一遭??？ 你聰明的，告訴我，我們的日子為什么一去不復(fù)返呢？ 1922年3月28日 張培基譯文 Transient Days If swallows go away, they will come back again. If willows wither, they will tu

38、rn green again. If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again. But, tell me, you the wise, why should our days go by never to return? Perhaps they have been stolen by someone. But who could it be and who could be hide them? Perhaps they have just run away by themselves. But where could they be at p

39、resent moment?I dont know how many days I am entitled to altogether, but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away. Counting up silently, I find that more than 8.000 days have already slipped away through my fingers. Like a drop of water falling off a needle point into the ocean, my days are quie

40、tly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace. At the thought of this ,sweat oozes from my forehead and tears tickle down my cheeks.What is gone is gone, what is to come keeps coming. How swift is the transition in between! When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun cast two or th

41、ree squnrish patches of light into my small room.The sun has feet too,edging away softly and stealthily.And,without knowing it,I am alerady caught in its revolution .Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands; vanishes in the rice bowl when I hane meal;passes away quietly before t

42、he fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie. Aware of its fleeting presence. I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my feet.By the time when I open my eyes to meet the sun again ,another day ia already gone.I have a sign,my head buried in my hands.But,in the midst of my sights,a new

43、 day is flashing past.Living in this world with its fleeting days and teeming millions, what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life ? What have I been doing during the 8,000 fleeting days except wavering and wandering? the bygone days, like wisps of smoke, have been dispersed by gentle winds, and, like thin mist,have been vaporated by the rising sun. What traces have I left behind? No ,nothing,not even gossamer-like traces.I have come to this world stark naked, and in the twinkling of