SsTranslationWeek3DifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese

1、翻譯理論與實踐翻譯理論與實踐（英譯漢）（英譯漢） translation theory and practice(english to chinese)danny 陳陳 如如please send your assignments, questions and feedbacks to:dannyr_chen_cuhkemail subject: translation_class *_week * assignmenttranslation_class *_enquirytranslation_class *_suggestioneg: translation_class1_week1 as

2、signmentname of word document:class*_your name (chinese and english)_ week * assignmenteg: class1_陳如danny_week1 assignmentweek 3differences betweenenglish and chinese1. principles and standards of translationtranslation iscross-linguisticcross-culturalcross-sociala sciencean arta set of skills1. pri

3、nciples and standards of translation忠實準確忠實準確faithfulness通順流暢通順流暢expressiveness文風(fēng)得體文風(fēng)得體elegance直譯直譯literal translation意譯意譯liberal translation歸化歸化naturalization異化異化dissimilationpoetrylegal documentpresidentialspeechknow something about everything, and know everything about something.observethe occupat

4、ional ethicsprofessionalknowledgein at least one fieldhistory and culturetwo languages or morediligent, careful, and responsible2. differences between english and chinese highlighter, fluorescent marker-pen (fountain) penflash penballpoint penwhiteboard markerroller ball penslate pencilpencilpropell

5、ing pencilchalkink brushcolor penquillcrayongel pen詞意一般較詞意一般較，詞義一般較詞義一般較。詞意一般較詞意一般較，詞義一般較詞義一般較。platform truck平臺卡車平臺卡車double-decker bus雙層巴士雙層巴士three-way tipper/three-way dump truck三向傾卸卡車三向傾卸卡車four-door sedan四門轎車四門轎車convertible敞篷車敞篷車medium van中型卡車中型卡車“車來了！車來了！”what kind?light cross-country lorry with

6、all-wheel drive四輪驅(qū)動的輕型越野卡車四輪驅(qū)動的輕型越野卡車eight-cylinder limousinewith three rows ofthree-abreast seating三列三座八汽缸的豪華轎車三列三座八汽缸的豪華轎車2. differences between english and chinese cousincousin jen, cousin lincoln, cousin harper, cousin abe, cousin don堂哥、堂姐、堂弟、堂妹、表哥、表姐、表弟、表妹堂伯、堂叔、堂嬸、堂姑、堂姑父、堂舅、堂舅媽、堂姨、堂姨父表伯、表叔、表嬸、表

7、姑、表姑父、表舅、表舅媽、表姨、表姨父堂伯公、堂伯婆、堂叔公、堂叔婆、堂姑婆、堂丈公、堂舅公、堂舅婆、堂姨婆、堂姨公表伯公、表伯婆、表叔公、表叔婆、表姑婆、表丈公、表舅公、表舅婆、表姨婆、表姨公2. differences between english and chinese 漢語漢語量詞比英語豐富。量詞比英語豐富。英語英語漢語漢語英語英語漢語漢語a pena walla treea housea flowera horsea chaira cowa mirrora coata lampa cakea sticka wok2.1 主語與主題主語與主題 (u2 11-12) 王力王力：“就句子

8、結(jié)構(gòu)而論，西洋語言是就句子結(jié)構(gòu)而論，西洋語言是的，中國語言是的，中國語言是的。的?！眅g1: i dont know./ i have no idea. 不知道。不知道。/不曉得。不曉得。曾劍平：曾劍平： 英語是注重主語的語言英語是注重主語的語言(subject-prominent)，而漢語是主題顯著的語言而漢語是主題顯著的語言(topic-prominent)。eg2: 千里尋親千里尋親he trudged thousands of miles in search of his parents.eg3: 活到老學(xué)到老活到老學(xué)到老it is never too late to learn.2.

9、1主語顯著主語顯著 subject-prominent vs.主題顯著主題顯著 topic-prominent如何處理英語句子中的主語？如何處理英語句子中的主語？2.1.1 英語主語譯成漢語主語（主語對譯）英語主語譯成漢語主語（主語對譯）2.1.2 改變原句主語改變原句主語2.1.3 英語主謂結(jié)構(gòu)譯成漢語無主句英語主謂結(jié)構(gòu)譯成漢語無主句2.1.4 英語主謂結(jié)構(gòu)與漢語英語主謂結(jié)構(gòu)與漢語“結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)+論題論題”結(jié)構(gòu)對譯結(jié)構(gòu)對譯2.1.1 英語主語譯成漢語主語英語主語譯成漢語主語e.g.1: ive been giving the thought some consideration.我我一直在琢磨這

10、個問題。一直在琢磨這個問題。2. each time i am in an african village, i dream about getting to a city.每次每次身處身處非洲的村莊，非洲的村莊，我我就會就會幻想幻想來到了一座城市。來到了一座城市。2.1.2 改變原句主語改變原句主語e.g.1. hopkins gave victor henry a sad smile, and a brilliant light came into his large eyes.試譯一：霍普金斯對維克多試譯一：霍普金斯對維克多亨利苦笑了一下，亨利苦笑了一下，明亮的光芒明亮的光芒來到了來到了

11、他的大眼睛里。他的大眼睛里。試譯二：霍普金斯對維克多試譯二：霍普金斯對維克多亨利苦笑了一下，亨利苦笑了一下，大眼睛大眼睛里里閃現(xiàn)出閃現(xiàn)出明亮的光芒。明亮的光芒。2.1.2 改變原句主語改變原句主語2. a modern post office handles more mail in a daythan the colonial carriers handled in a whole year.試譯一：試譯一：一家現(xiàn)代郵局一家現(xiàn)代郵局一天之內(nèi)比殖民地時期的郵差在整整一年的時間里一天之內(nèi)比殖民地時期的郵差在整整一年的時間里處理處理更多的郵件。更多的郵件。試譯二：一家現(xiàn)代郵局試譯二：一家現(xiàn)代郵局一

12、天處理的一天處理的郵件郵件比殖民地時期的郵差一年處理的還要多。比殖民地時期的郵差一年處理的還要多。2.1.3 英語主謂結(jié)構(gòu)譯成漢語無主句英語主謂結(jié)構(gòu)譯成漢語無主句當(dāng)英語原句用當(dāng)英語原句用it, that, what等代詞作抽象主語時，等代詞作抽象主語時，譯成漢語往往可以省略，譯成無主句。譯成漢語往往可以省略，譯成無主句。e.g.1. its raining hard. 下大雨了。下大雨了。2. what happened? 發(fā)生什么事了？發(fā)生什么事了？3. it is possible to cut all thread forms and sizes on a lathe.試譯一：這是可能的

13、，在車床上車削各種形狀和尺寸的螺紋。試譯一：這是可能的，在車床上車削各種形狀和尺寸的螺紋。試譯二：可以在車床上車削各種形狀和尺寸的螺紋。試譯二：可以在車床上車削各種形狀和尺寸的螺紋。2.1.4 英語主謂結(jié)構(gòu)與漢語英語主謂結(jié)構(gòu)與漢語“結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)+ +論題論題”結(jié)構(gòu)對譯結(jié)構(gòu)對譯(u1 11-12)法治法治人治人治主語顯著主語顯著 subject prominent主題顯著主題顯著 topic prominenti knew nothing about it.這件事這件事我一點兒都不知道我一點兒都不知道。ive been wondering about something.試譯一：我一直納悶?zāi)臣?。?/p>

14、譯一：我一直納悶?zāi)臣?。試譯二：試譯二：有件事兒有件事兒我一直很納悶我一直很納悶。a dialect is known by every linguist in this room.有一種方言有一種方言這間屋子里的每一個這間屋子里的每一個語言學(xué)家都懂得。語言學(xué)家都懂得。2.1.5 in-class exerciseplease finish translatingthe sentences on the exercise sheet in 15 minutes.2.1.5 in-class exercise1. my cousin is working for a ph.d. degree a

15、t cambridge.我的表妹我的表妹在劍橋攻讀博士學(xué)位。在劍橋攻讀博士學(xué)位。 英語主語譯成漢語主語（主語對譯）英語主語譯成漢語主語（主語對譯）改變原句主語改變原句主語2. this pump is chiefly characterized by its simple operation.試譯一：試譯一：這種水泵這種水泵主要以操作簡便為特點。主要以操作簡便為特點。試譯二：這種水泵的試譯二：這種水泵的主要特點主要特點是操作簡便。是操作簡便。 2.1.5 in-class exercise3. surly nothing more could go wrong during the next

16、hour.以后的一個小時里肯定不會再出什么差錯了吧。以后的一個小時里肯定不會再出什么差錯了吧。英語主謂結(jié)構(gòu)譯成漢語無主句英語主謂結(jié)構(gòu)譯成漢語無主句4. my son is using the car this morning and will be this afternoon.試譯一：試譯一：我兒子我兒子今早一直在今早一直在用用汽車而且要汽車而且要用用到下午。到下午。試譯二：試譯二：汽車汽車我兒子上午在用，而且下午還要用我兒子上午在用，而且下午還要用。主題主題+述題述題英語主謂結(jié)構(gòu)與漢語英語主謂結(jié)構(gòu)與漢語“結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)+述題述題”結(jié)構(gòu)對譯結(jié)構(gòu)對譯(u1 11-12)2.2 形合與意合，樹狀與竹狀

17、形合與意合，樹狀與竹狀清晰合理的思想清晰合理的思想 = = 清晰合理的語法清晰合理的語法毫無條理的陳述毫無條理的陳述 = = 雜亂無章的思想雜亂無章的思想雜亂無章的思想雜亂無章的思想 = = 無意義無意義英語重形合，英語重形合，形式與句法必須合理得體。形式與句法必須合理得體。結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系和邏輯聯(lián)系結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系和邏輯聯(lián)系必須交代得十分清楚。必須交代得十分清楚。2.2.1 英語重形合，句子呈樹狀英語重形合，句子呈樹狀英語的長句呈樹狀結(jié)構(gòu)，英語的長句呈樹狀結(jié)構(gòu)，往往有一往往有一主干主干，主干上枝蔓橫生。，主干上枝蔓橫生。長句靠各種關(guān)系詞（介詞、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞、連接詞等）長句靠各種關(guān)系詞（介詞、關(guān)系代詞、

18、關(guān)系副詞、連接詞等）過渡和連接，以此理清結(jié)構(gòu)及邏輯。過渡和連接，以此理清結(jié)構(gòu)及邏輯。同位語從句同位語從句定從定從不定式短語不定式短語動名詞動名詞狀從狀從賓從賓從主從主從主主句句2.2.1 英語重形合，句子呈樹狀英語重形合，句子呈樹狀eg: whenever you come to a fork in the road, your body breaks down, for your body has always known what your mind doesnt know, and however it chooses to break down, whether with mononu

19、cleosis or gastritis or panic attacks, you body has always borne the brunt of your fears and inner battles, taking the blows your mind cannot or will not stand up to.- paul auster, winter journal2.2.1 英語重形合，句子呈樹狀英語重形合，句子呈樹狀the sentence can be broken down into two “parts”:the 1st part: which minor se

20、ntence is the main clause?whenever you come to a fork in the road, your body breaks down, for your body has always known what your mind doesnt know, 每當(dāng)你面臨困難的抉擇，身體都會出問題，每當(dāng)你面臨困難的抉擇，身體都會出問題，你的身體總比你的腦袋更先知先覺。你的身體總比你的腦袋更先知先覺。2.2.2 漢語重意合，句子呈竹狀漢語重意合，句子呈竹狀“中國人重直覺，強調(diào)意念流，中國人重直覺，強調(diào)意念流，只要能夠達意，詞的形式是無關(guān)緊要的，只要能夠達意，詞

21、的形式是無關(guān)緊要的，詞語之間的關(guān)系常在不言中，詞語之間的關(guān)系常在不言中，語法意義和邏輯關(guān)系常隱藏在字里行間。語法意義和邏輯關(guān)系常隱藏在字里行間。” (u1 12)“辭，達而已矣。辭，達而已矣?！?論語論語衛(wèi)靈公衛(wèi)靈公)天凈沙天凈沙 秋思秋思（元）（元） 馬致遠馬致遠枯藤老樹昏鴉，枯藤老樹昏鴉，小橋流水人家，小橋流水人家，古道西風(fēng)瘦馬。古道西風(fēng)瘦馬。夕陽西下，夕陽西下，斷腸人在天涯。斷腸人在天涯。 通篇沒有動詞。通篇沒有動詞。2.2.2 漢語重意合，句子呈竹狀漢語重意合，句子呈竹狀又一次又一次到小菜場去，已經(jīng)是冬天了。到小菜場去，已經(jīng)是冬天了。煌煌的，然而煌煌的，然而有一種清濕的氣味，有一種清濕

22、的氣味，如同晾在竹竿上成陣的衣裳。如同晾在竹竿上成陣的衣裳。搖搖擺擺走著的兩個小孩子，搖搖擺擺走著的兩個小孩子，相仿，相仿，像碎切腌菜，像碎切腌菜，像醬菜，像醬菜，都是胸前自小而大一片深暗的油漬都是胸前自小而大一片深暗的油漬, ,像關(guān)公頷下盛囊須的錦囊。像關(guān)公頷下盛囊須的錦囊。 張愛玲張愛玲漢語重意合，漢語重意合，句子成句子成竹節(jié)狀，竹節(jié)狀，逐節(jié)展開。逐節(jié)展開。2.2.3 如何將如何將“樹狀樹狀”翻譯為翻譯為“竹狀竹狀”le.g.1 a world bank report released at the time of the conference, which ended on 10 nov

23、ember, insists that vietnams overall growth will depend more on its own policies than on the volume of external financing.削去枝蔓，找出主干。削去枝蔓，找出主干。條分縷析，理清關(guān)系。條分縷析，理清關(guān)系。where is the main sentence?2.2.3 如何將如何將“樹狀樹狀”翻譯為翻譯為“竹狀竹狀”e.g.1 a world bank report insists that; (a world bank report ) released at the ti

24、me of the conference; which (the conference) ended on 10 november; vietnams overall growth will depend more on its own policies than on the volume of external financing.世界銀行最近一次會議于世界銀行最近一次會議于1111月月1010日結(jié)束，會上一份報告認為，日結(jié)束，會上一份報告認為，越南經(jīng)濟的全面增長將更主要地取決于其本國的政策，越南經(jīng)濟的全面增長將更主要地取決于其本國的政策，而不是外來資金的數(shù)額。而不是外來資金的數(shù)額。2.2

25、.3 如何將如何將“樹狀樹狀”翻譯為翻譯為“竹狀竹狀”e.g. 2 whenever you come to a fork in the road, your body breaks down, for your body has always known what your mind doesnt know, - paul auster, winter journal每當(dāng)你面臨困難的抉擇，身體都會出問題，每當(dāng)你面臨困難的抉擇，身體都會出問題，你的身體總比你的腦袋更先知先覺。你的身體總比你的腦袋更先知先覺。2.2.3 如何將如何將“樹狀樹狀”翻譯為翻譯為“竹狀竹狀”e.g. 3 the las

26、t progress that i made with this intention, was about three months ago, when we had a current report of the king of frances death. as i foresaw this would produce a new face of things in europe, and many curious speculations in our british coffee-houses, i was very desirous to learn the thoughts of

27、our most eminent politicians on that occasion.-joseph addison, the spectatorplease try and analyze these two sentences. 2.2.3 如何將如何將“樹狀樹狀”翻譯為翻譯為“竹狀竹狀”e.g. 3 the last progress that i made with this intention, was about three months ago, when we had a current report of the king of frances death. as i

28、foresaw this would produce a new face of things in europe, and many curious speculations in our british coffee-houses, i was very desirous to learn the thoughts of our most eminent politicians on that occasion.-joseph addison, the spectator我上次我上次巡游在大約三個月前，巡游在大約三個月前，我聽到一條消息，說是法國國王去世了。我聽到一條消息，說是法國國王去世

29、了。我料想此事將使歐洲換上新貌，會引起我們英國咖啡店里各種奇妙討論，我料想此事將使歐洲換上新貌，會引起我們英國咖啡店里各種奇妙討論，就很想了解一下我們的一些先要的政治人物對它有什么看法。就很想了解一下我們的一些先要的政治人物對它有什么看法。旁觀者報旁觀者報3. assignments3.1 revising and editingplease finish revising and editing the sentences on the exercise sheet you received.1. misspelling;2. punctuation;3. structure;4. logi

30、c; and5. grammatical mistakes.3. assignments3.2 translationplease finish the translation exercise on the exercise sheet you are about to receive. pay attention to the structure of the sentences.4. presentation roots of words (詞根詞根)the vocabulary tree4.1 in-class presentationroots and historyexample

31、sentencefurther explanationsdefinitionspronunciationam to lovepsych soulson soundante beforeproto first formedcata downfin endcrim faultbene wellgrav heavypac peacemania madnessgreekrootslatinpac agree, peace the pacific ocean, the “peaceful ocean” ferdinand magellan 麥哲倫麥哲倫 (1480-1521), the portugue

32、se navigator, thought the ocean he was sailing throughwas very “peaceful”.pac agree, peacepacify psfa v. (1) to soothe anger or agitation. (2) to subdue by armed action.eg: it took the police hours to pacify the angry demonstrators. to pacify people whoare emotionally stirred upa rubber pacifierpact

33、 pkt n. an agreement between two or more people or groups; a treaty or formal agreement between nations to deal with a problem or to resolve a dispute.eg: the girls made a pact never to reveal what had happened on that terrifying night in the abandoned house.an “arms pact,” a “trade pact,” or a “fis

34、hing-rights pact.”am to lovecupid, amoramigo (spanish) - friendsam to loveamicable mkbl adj. friendly, peaceful. eg: their relations with their in-laws were generally amicable, despite some bickering during the holidays.an amicable goodbyean amicable conversationan amicable relationshipamorous mrs a

35、dj. having or showing strong feelings or attraction or love.eg: it turned out that the amorous congressman(國會議員國會議員) had gotten his girlfriends a good job and was paying for her apartment.more physical than spiritualpacagree, peaceamto love“use it three times and its yours.”general introductiontitle

36、 of the bookusage of the bookconclusionauthors namestructurefeaturesdefinition(s)e.g. sentence(s)further explanation & more egs prepare for a 5-minute presentation on a book youve read.taskyou may choose any book in any language on any topic.but you must present in english.write the 1st draft (400-5

37、00 words) of your presentation, and make a ppt. send them to my email address at least one week in advance.procedurea 5-minute presentation in englishrevise your 1 first draft based on my suggestions.send me your 2nd draft (400-500 words) within a week after your presentation.4.4 further information

38、what if you want to present a literary work?ernest hemingway(1899-1961)a farewell to armsexample4.4 further informationwhat might interest your audience?the plot ofa farewell to armsarms: 武器武器 & 懷抱懷抱analysis ofthe protagonists(frederic and catherine)some sad/funny anecdote aboutthe book and the authorhelpless individualsvs.the world wara brief introduction to hemingway4.4 further informationeg: ernest hemingway wrote a farewell to arms. ernest hemingway (1899-1961), the great american modernist and the 1954 nobel prize w