理學(xué)環(huán)境工程學(xué)固廢PPT學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1理學(xué)環(huán)境工程學(xué)固廢理學(xué)環(huán)境工程學(xué)固廢第1頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第2頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第3頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第4頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第5頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)廣州某小區(qū)外廣州某小區(qū)外第6頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)東莞某河流東莞某河流第7頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第8頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第9頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第10頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第11頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第12頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第13頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第14頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)居民生活居民生活食物、垃圾、紙、木、布、庭院植物修翦物、金屬、玻璃、食物、垃圾、紙、木、布、庭院植物修翦物、金屬、玻璃、塑料、陶瓷、燃料灰渣、臟土、碎磚瓦、廢器具、糞便、雜塑料、陶瓷、燃料灰渣、臟土、碎磚瓦、廢器具、糞便、雜品等品等建筑、商業(yè)、機(jī)建筑、商業(yè)、機(jī)關(guān)關(guān)同上，另有管道

2、、碎砌體、瀝青、其它建筑材料、含有易爆、同上，另有管道、碎砌體、瀝青、其它建筑材料、含有易爆、易燃、腐蝕性、放射性廢物、廢汽車(chē)、廢電器、廢器具等易燃、腐蝕性、放射性廢物、廢汽車(chē)、廢電器、廢器具等紡織服裝工業(yè)紡織服裝工業(yè)布頭、纖維、金屬、橡膠、塑料等布頭、纖維、金屬、橡膠、塑料等 市政維護(hù)、管理市政維護(hù)、管理部門(mén)部門(mén) 臟土、碎磚瓦、樹(shù)葉、死禽畜、金屬、鍋爐灰渣、污泥等臟土、碎磚瓦、樹(shù)葉、死禽畜、金屬、鍋爐灰渣、污泥等 農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)秸桿、蔬菜、水果、果樹(shù)枝條、糠秕、人和禽畜糞便、農(nóng)藥秸桿、蔬菜、水果、果樹(shù)枝條、糠秕、人和禽畜糞便、農(nóng)藥殘余等殘余等核工業(yè)和放射性核工業(yè)和放射性醫(yī)療單位醫(yī)療單位金屬、含放射

3、性廢渣、粉塵、污泥、器具和建筑材料等金屬、含放射性廢渣、粉塵、污泥、器具和建筑材料等第15頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)發(fā)生之原發(fā)生之原 產(chǎn)生的主要固體廢物產(chǎn)生的主要固體廢物 礦業(yè)礦業(yè) 廢石、尾礦、金屬、廢木、磚瓦和水泥、砂石廢石、尾礦、金屬、廢木、磚瓦和水泥、砂石等等 冶金、金屬結(jié)構(gòu)、冶金、金屬結(jié)構(gòu)、交通、機(jī)械等工業(yè)交通、機(jī)械等工業(yè) 材料、粘結(jié)劑、污垢、廢木、塑料、橡膠、紙、材料、粘結(jié)劑、污垢、廢木、塑料、橡膠、紙、各種建筑材料、煙塵等各種建筑材料、煙塵等 建筑材料工業(yè)建筑材料工業(yè) 金屬、水泥、粘土、陶瓷、石膏、石砂、紙、金屬、水泥、粘土、陶瓷、石膏、石砂、紙、纖維等纖維等 食品加工業(yè)食品加工業(yè) 肉、谷物、蔬

4、菜、硬殼果、水果、煙草等肉、谷物、蔬菜、硬殼果、水果、煙草等 橡膠、皮革、塑料橡膠、皮革、塑料等工業(yè)等工業(yè) 橡膠、塑料、皮革、布、線、纖維、染料、金橡膠、塑料、皮革、布、線、纖維、染料、金屬等屬等 石油化工工業(yè)石油化工工業(yè) 化學(xué)藥劑、金屬、塑料、橡膠、陶瓷、瀝青、化學(xué)藥劑、金屬、塑料、橡膠、陶瓷、瀝青、污泥油氈、石棉、涂料等污泥油氈、石棉、涂料等 電器、儀器儀表等電器、儀器儀表等工業(yè)工業(yè) 金屬、玻璃、木、橡膠、塑料、化學(xué)藥劑、研金屬、玻璃、木、橡膠、塑料、化學(xué)藥劑、研磨料、陶瓷、絕緣材料等磨料、陶瓷、絕緣材料等 第16頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第17頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第18頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第19頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第20頁(yè)/

5、共60頁(yè)第21頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第22頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第23頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)工業(yè)固體廢物106t 010020030040050060070080019811985198719952000工工業(yè)業(yè)固固體體廢廢物物年年 份份我國(guó)工業(yè)固體廢物產(chǎn)生量發(fā)展趨勢(shì)（我國(guó)工業(yè)固體廢物產(chǎn)生量發(fā)展趨勢(shì)（1981-2000年）年） 第24頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)0 0200020004000400060006000800080001000010000120001200014000140001600016000198619861990199019951995200020002002200220032003第25頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)0 0202040

6、4060608080100100198619861990199019951995200020002002200220032003第26頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第27頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第28頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第29頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第30頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)自然環(huán)境自然環(huán)境最終處理處置廢物最終處理處置廢物自然資源自然資源回收物料或能源回收物料或能源產(chǎn)品制造產(chǎn)品制造工業(yè)廢料工業(yè)廢料工業(yè)廢物工業(yè)廢物產(chǎn)品使用產(chǎn)品使用產(chǎn)品使用產(chǎn)品使用生活廢物生活廢物社會(huì)中物流運(yùn)動(dòng)的示意圖社會(huì)中物流運(yùn)動(dòng)的示意圖第31頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第32頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第33頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第34頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第35頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第36頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)051015202530百萬(wàn)桶/天2001

7、200220032004年份世界石油需求美國(guó)中國(guó)印度第37頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)0102030405060702000 2002 2002 2003 2004 2005年份原油每桶現(xiàn)貨價(jià)(美元)第38頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第39頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第40頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第41頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第42頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第43頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第44頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第45頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第46頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)第47頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)1-1 Waste Management for Public Hygiene (1900-) The cholera was spread in around 1870.- Infectious diseases from forei

8、gn countries were prevalent with the promotion of foreign trade.- Increase insects such as mosquito, fly, and ratLaw of Cleaning (1900) - the first law of waste management in Japan - to take measures against health such as infectious diseaseNight soil of human and livestock fertilizerGarbage open bu

9、rning or open dumping第48頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)1-2 After the World War II (1945-)Public Cleaning Law (1954)Agricultural method has changed with industrialization.Popularization of chemical fertilizerDecreased utilization of night soil as an organic fertilizer- to be sanitary and comfortable environment for life- Was

10、te management by municipalities was specified as their duty .第49頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)1-3 In the Period of Economic Growth (1960-)- Rapid increase of MSW- Change in waste composition (introduction of plastics)- Rapid increase of the industrial waste for industrializationWaste Disposal and Public Cleaning Law (1971)

11、- Industrial waste must be treated by the enterpriser.第50頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)1-4 Present StateBasic Law for Establishing the Recycling-Based Society (2000)The role of waste management have to be revised.- Reconsider the society of mass production, mass consumption, and mass disposal. - Global environment has been

12、 evident. Global warming, Marine pollution, Cross-border movement of hazardous waste and so on.第51頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)Basic Law for Establishing the Recycling-Based Society1. The definition of recycling based-society to be formed is clearly presented.2. Those useful among wastes are defined as Recyclable Resource

13、s.3. The priority of the treatments was determined. (1) reduction of wastes discharge, (2) reuse, (3) recycling, and (4) thermal recycling4. Responsibility of the nation, local government, enterpriser, and the public are clarified.5. The basic plan for establishing the recycling-based society was decided.6. The national policy for the recycling-based society is clarified.第52頁(yè)/共60頁(yè)Recycling Regulations for Individual Articles2000: Container and Packaging Recycling Law Gr