初一至初三英語語法及中考難點

1、中考重點句型一、常使用動詞不定式的短語1、Its time to do sth. Its time for sth該作某事的時候了.2、cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事3、ask /telle sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求/告訴某人(不)作某事4、allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人作某事5、be supposed to do sth. 應(yīng)該作某事6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事7、have sth/nothing to do 有時要做/與無關(guān)8、find it +adj. to do

2、 sth. 發(fā)覺作某事9、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 寧愿作某事,而不愿作某事 10、Its +adj. for sb. to do sth.作某事對某人來說11、Its better /best to do sth. 最好做某事12、It takes sb. sometime. to do sth. 某人做某事用了一些時間二、常用動名詞的短語1、 enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜歡做某事 2、 keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事 3、feel like d

3、oing sth. 想要做某事 4、practise doing sth. 練習(xí)作某事 5、give up doing sth. 放棄作某事6、be good at= do well inon doing sth. 擅長作某事7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事8、what about/ how about doing sth.怎么樣(好嗎)?9、Thank you for doing sth. 為感謝某人10、mind doing sth. 介意作某事11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 、被用來作某事1

4、2、spend (in) doing sth. 花時間作某時13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于作某事 14、finish doing sth. 作完某時15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜歡勝過17、be/get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣作某事18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人作某事三、省略動詞不定式的短語1、一看二聽三使役see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /li

5、sten to sb. do sth.看見/聽見/感覺/注意某人作某事make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/讓某人做某事2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.幫助某人作某事3、 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事4、 Why dont you/ not do sth.為什么不作某事5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth. 請你(不)作某事好嗎?四、 同義詞比較1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事stop doing sth. 停止正在

6、作的事eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest.2、 forget / remember to do sth.忘記/記得要去作某事forget / remember doing sth. 忘記記得曾經(jīng)做過某事eg. Please remember to bring my book to school.I remember doing my homework3、 used to

7、do sth. 過去常常作某事be used to do sth. 被用來作某事be used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于作某事eg. My father used to smoke.Wood is used to make paper.I am used to getting up early.4、So +be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 也一樣So +主語+be/助動詞/ 情態(tài)動詞 是呀,表示贊同別人的觀點Neither + be /助動詞/ 情態(tài)動詞+主語也不一樣（用于否定句）eg. He has been to Beijing. So have I.Its a fine day

8、. So it is.She doesnt like eggs. Neither do I.5、 tooto do sth. 太而不能so +adj. /adv + that(從句) 如此以致such +（a/an +adj.）+n.+ that(從句)如此以致(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (對某人來說)做某事(不)夠eg. The boy is too young to go to school.The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he can

9、t go to school.The boy is not old enough to go to school.五、?？贾R點1、keep +adj. 保持狀態(tài)keep (sb.) doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事/使某人老是做某事eg. Everyone should keep our classroom clean.Its too late, but he still keeps working.Lily always keeps us waiting for her.2、make+ sb. + n. 使某人成為make + sb. + adj. 使某人make sb. do sth.

10、使某人做某事Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事eg. We made Peter our monitor.Books make us happy.He often makes me laugh.The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.3、I dont think that 我認(rèn)為不eg. I dont think you are right.4、Its /was/has been+ some time +since+一般過去時 自從以來有多久了eg. It has been two years since we met la

11、st time.6、 What do you mean by?=What does . mean?=what is the meaning of.?是什么意思?eg. What do you mean by “computer”?=What does “computer” mean?=what is the meaning of computer?7、 What do you think of/How do you like ? 你認(rèn)為怎么樣?eg. What do you think of this film /How do you like this film? 8、 What is/wa

12、s/will be like? .怎么樣?eg. What is the weather like?What will the life in the future be like?9、 Its said/ reported that 據(jù)說/據(jù)報道 Its well known that 眾所周知 Its thought that 大家認(rèn)為eg. Its said that the population of the word would be 6 billion in 2050.10、one of the +形容詞最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù) 其中之一eg. Shanghai is one of the

13、 biggest cities in China.11、neithernor 既不也不（兩者都不）eitheror要么要么/或者或者/不是就是not onlybut also 不但而且以上三個詞做主語時,要用就近原則eg. Neither you nor he has been to the USA.Either he or you go to the park.Not only my mother but also my father is a teacher.neither of 兩者都不 either of 兩者選一none of 沒有一個以上三個做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)All of 全

14、部 Both of 兩者都以上二個做主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)12、比較級+ than +any other +名詞單數(shù) 比其余任何一個 比較級+ than + the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)eg. Shanghai is bigger than any other city=shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.13、When（當(dāng)?shù)臅r候）, if （如果）, as soon as（一就）, until（直到才）, unless（除非/如果不）這幾個詞引導(dǎo)的時間或條件狀語從句時,主句要用一般將來時.從句一般現(xiàn)在時eg. I will ca

15、ll you when he comes. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic. As soon as I get to Beijing, Ill come to see you. He wont go to bed until his parents come back. Unless you work hard, you wont catch up with others. 希望我的答案對你有幫助初一的語法知識包括：30主要掌握幾種時態(tài)1，一般現(xiàn)在時2，一般過去時3，一般將來時4，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時還有幾種詞1，名詞2，代詞3，形容詞

16、4，動詞5，冠詞初一英語語法一、詞法1、名詞A）、名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comed

17、ies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的

18、）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men

19、doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡,orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族,time時間 times時代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉chickens 小雞十一） 單個字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SA

20、Rs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers Day教師節(jié), classmates; Childrens Day六一節(jié), Womens Day三八節(jié)三）由and并列的名詞所

21、有時，如果是共同所有同一人或物時，只加最后一個s，但分別擁有時卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Bens room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mikes and Bens rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）2、代詞項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞 人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性 第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself 復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her h

22、ers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves 3、動詞A） 第三人稱單數(shù)當(dāng)動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動詞那樣加s，如下：一）一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i

23、再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB） 現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching,

24、 go-going, do-doing二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個元音字母一個輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-t

25、ying系die-dying死lie-lying 位于4、形容詞的級我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對比時，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構(gòu)成如下：一） 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個元音字母1個輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-r

26、edder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstlittle-

27、less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、句式1.陳述句肯定陳述句 a) Th

28、is is a book. (be動詞)b) He looks very young. (連系動詞)c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞)d) I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動詞)e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find her doll.

29、e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑問句1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student?b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a) Yes, he

30、is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small?回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑問句問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.問種類What kind of movies do you like?

31、I like action movies and comedies.問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones.問原因Why do you want to join the club?問時間 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually ge

32、t up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00.問地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table.問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black.問人物 Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma.Who are

33、 Lisa and Tim talking to?問東西 Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My first names Ben.Whats your family name? My fami

34、ly names Smith.12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 問價格How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 問電話號碼 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.16 問謂語(動作) Whats he doing? Hes watching TV.17 問職業(yè)(身份) What do you do? Im a teacher.Whats your fa

35、ther? Hes a doctor.三、時態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現(xiàn)在時，它有：Be 動詞：Shes a worker. Is she a worker? She isnt a worker.情態(tài)動詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cant play the piano.行為動詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They dont want to eat any tomatoes.Gina ha

36、s a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示動詞在此時正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.Im playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? Im not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isnt writing a letter.Theyre listening to the

37、pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They arent listening to the pop music.初二英語語法大全動詞時態(tài)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)及關(guān)鍵詞: 一般現(xiàn)在時: 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句主語+be (am, is, are ) + 其他 否定句主語+be not +其他 疑問句 Be+主語+其他 或: 肯定句主語+動詞原型+其他 ( 第三人稱單數(shù)作主語動詞要加s ) 否定句主語+dont+動詞原型+其他(第三人稱單數(shù)作主語dont改為doesnt) 疑問句 DO+主語+動詞原型+其他(第三人稱單數(shù)作主語do改為doess) 關(guān)鍵詞: s

38、ometimes, often, usually, always, every day, on Sunday afternoon, at 10 oclockin the morning, five days a week, three times a month等. 注:在時間壯語從句,條件壯語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時,這時一般從 句用一般現(xiàn)在時,主句用將來時 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時: 句子結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句 主語+be +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 否定句主語+be not+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 疑問句 Be +主語+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:now, right now, at the moment,

39、 Its+幾點鐘等的句子.或look, listen, keep quiet等提示語. 一般將來時: 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語+will+動詞原型+其他 否定句 主語+will not +動詞原型+其他 疑問句 Will +主語+動詞原型+其他 (will 可改為be going to ,當(dāng)主語是第一人稱時will可用shall) 關(guān)鍵詞:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at sevenoclock tomorrow evening, next year, at ten oclock next Sunday, this year, at the end of this

40、term, from now on, in the year 2008, soon, in a few days time, in the future 等. 一般過去時: 句子結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句 主語+be(was,were)+其他 否定句 主語+be not+其他 疑問句 Be+主語+其他 或: 肯定句 主語+動詞的過去式+其他 否定句 主語+did not+動詞原型+其他 疑問句 Did+主語+動詞原型+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:yesterday,yesterday morning等 ,last week, last year, at the end of last term, 一段時間+ago如:te

41、n years ago, five hours ago, on January 1st,2004, in the 1980s等. Just now,in the old days, long ago, a moment ago等. 過去進(jìn)行時: 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語+was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 否定句 主語+was/were not +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 疑問句 Was/Were + 主語+ 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:具體時間+過去的時間壯語 如:at ten oclock yesterdaymorning, at this time last Sunday等. 現(xiàn)在完成

42、時: 句子結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句 主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞+其他(第三人稱單數(shù)用has) 否定句 主語+have/has not+動詞的過去分詞+其他 疑問句 Have/Has + 主語 + 動詞的過去分詞+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:already, yet, just, ever, never ,so far, for +一段時間,since+過去的 時間或過去時從句.或this year alone今年以來,these five years alone這五年 以來,in the last ten years 在過去的十年中等. 過去將來時: 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語+ would+ 動詞原型+其他

43、 否定句 主語+ would not + 動詞原型+ 其他 疑問句 Would+主語+動詞原型+其他 (would可改為was/were going to ,主語第一人稱時would可用should) 過去將來時主要用在賓語從句中. 過去完成時: 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語+had + 動詞的過去分詞+其他 否定句 主語+had not +動詞的過去分詞+其他 疑問句 Had+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:by+過去某一時間點 如:by last year, by the end of+過去某一時間點 如: by the end of last year, before+過去某一時間點,b

44、y the time +從句,或賓語從 句中最后,請記住: Its not the end of the world, try to look on the bright side of thing, Im sure it will be all right. 這不是世界末日,試著往事情好的方面看,我確認(rèn)一切都會好起來.英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。初中階段的被動語態(tài)有五種時態(tài)，我們可以從以下方面進(jìn)行小結(jié)：一、被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)及結(jié)構(gòu)（以動詞do為例）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + be + 過去分詞時態(tài)：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時： am (is, are) done.2.帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：must (ca

45、n, may, should, need, would) be done3. 一般過去時： was (were) done * 4. 一般將來時： will (shall) be done * 5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時： am (is, are) being done6. 現(xiàn)在完成時： have (has) been done 二、從初中階段所學(xué)五種基本句型談變被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意的問題。1主語 + 連系動詞+ 表語 (S+V+P)此結(jié)構(gòu)不可用被動語態(tài)。(正) The flowers smell sweet.(誤) The flowers are smelt sweet.2主語 + 不及物動詞(S+V)此

46、結(jié)構(gòu)不可變被動語態(tài)。(正) An accident happened last night.(誤) An accident was happened last night.3主語 + 及物動詞+ 賓語 (S + V+ O)（1）將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語Children often sing this song This song is often sung by children.（2）將含有介詞或副詞的動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，不可將介詞或副詞去掉。We should listento the teachers carefully.The teachers should be lis

47、tened to carefully.4主語 + 及物動詞+ 間接賓語+ 直接賓語(S + V+ IO+ DO)（1）.將表人的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。He showed us a picture .We were shown a picture.（2）.將指物的直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，要在間接賓語前加介詞to或for.常用加to的動詞give, show, pass, read等常用加for的動詞 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等A picture was shown to us.A dictionary was bought for me by my parent

48、s.5 主語+及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語(S+ V+ O + C)如動詞為 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接賓語補足語為不帶“to”不定式時，變被動語態(tài)時要加上“to” 。I saw him fall off the tree.He was seen to fall off the tree.6. be + 過去分詞 并非都是被動語態(tài)，系動詞 be, feel, seem,look,等詞后面的過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語用，表示某種狀態(tài)。 Im interested in mathematics. 我對數(shù)學(xué)感興趣。*7. 某些動詞用主動語態(tài)來表示被動含義。The

49、 womans clothes sell well. 女裝賣的快。This book sells best.這本書很暢銷. 英語語法大全下載1、所有格：He is Freds best friend.（-s）2、動詞現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)：Alfredo works.（-s）3、動詞過去式：Fred worked.（-ed），但亦有不規(guī)則變化。4、現(xiàn)在分詞進(jìn)行時態(tài)：Fred is working.（-ing）（注如果動詞的末音節(jié)為輔音結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)，則須雙寫末輔音，如running）5、過去分詞：The car was stolen.（-en）；Fred has talked to the pol

50、ice.（-ed），但亦有不規(guī)則變化。6、動名詞：Working is good for the soul.（-ing）7、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：Fred has two blue eyes.（-s）（注如果動詞的尾字是s,sh,x,ch，則需加-es，如dishes）8、形容詞的比較級：Fred is smarter than Rick.（-er）形容詞末尾加-er，多音節(jié)在前面”加more，如more difficult。9、形容詞的最高級：Fred has the fastest car.（-est）形容詞末尾加-est，多音節(jié)詞在前面加most，如the most difficult。英語的基本

51、語序為SVO，且基本上不能任意變換語序，除了在少數(shù)詩詞以外；另一方面，有時英語會使用OSV的語序。（注：S：Subject主語；V：Verbal phrase謂語；O：Object賓語）英語中所有的詞可分成十大類，每一類詞在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用。這十大詞類是：一、名詞：表示人或事物的名稱的詞。二、形容詞：表示人或事物的特征的詞。三、副詞：修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞的詞。四、代詞：是代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞。五、數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)量和順序的詞。六、動詞：表示動作和狀態(tài)的詞。七、冠詞：與名詞連用，其說明人或事物的作用。八、介詞：通常置于名詞和代詞之前，表示名詞和代詞與其他詞的關(guān)系。九、連詞：連接詞

52、與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子的詞。十、感嘆詞：表示說話人感情或語氣的詞。 英語的時態(tài)英語共有十六個時態(tài)、四個體。（注：四個體為一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行。）英語中的四個體相當(dāng)于法語、西班牙語以及所有印歐語系羅曼語族中的式，如：直陳式，命令式等。 （1）一般現(xiàn)在時基本形式（以do為例）：第三人稱單數(shù)：does（主語為非第三人稱單數(shù)）；肯定句：主語動詞原形其他；否定句：主語dont動詞原形其他；一般疑問句：Do主語動詞原形其他。肯定回答：Yes， 主語do否定回答：No，主語dont.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句語序 （2）一般過去時be動詞行為動詞的過去式waswerenot；在行為動詞前加d

53、idnt，同時還原行為動詞was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did提問，同時還原行為動詞 （3）一般將來時amareisgoing todowillshalldoam/is/are/about to + doam/is/are to + do一般將來時的表達(dá)方法be going to +動詞原形be +不定式,be to+動詞原形,be about to 動詞原形be able to +不定式be about to+動詞原形 (4)過去將來時be（was，were）going to+動詞原形be（was，were）about to+動詞原形be（was，were）to+動詞原形肯定

54、句：主語+be（was，were）going to+動詞原形. 否定句：主語+be（was，were）not going to+動詞原形. 疑問句：Be（Was，Were）+主語+going to+動詞原形？ 肯定句：主語+would（should）+動詞原形. 否定句：主語+would（should）not+動詞原形. 疑問句：Would（Should）+主語+動詞原形？ (5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時主語+be+動詞ing現(xiàn)在分詞形式第一人稱+am+doing+sth 第二人稱+are+doing +sth第三人稱+is+doing+sth (6)過去進(jìn)行時肯定句：主語+was/were+doing+其它否定句：主語+was/were+not+doing+其它一般疑問句及答語：Was/Were+主語+doing+其它 答語：Yes,I was./No,I wasnt. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+doing+其它 (7)將來進(jìn)行時動詞be的將來時+現(xiàn)在分詞 (8)過去將來進(jìn)行時should(would)+be+現(xiàn)在分詞 (9)現(xiàn)在完成時基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+過去分詞(done) 肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞