高二英語語法虛擬語氣課件

1、語氣語氣英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式來表示。的語氣用動詞的不同形式來表示。陳述語氣（陳述語氣（the Indicative Mood）用來陳）用來陳述一個事實，或提出一個想法，有肯定、否述一個事實，或提出一個想法，有肯定、否定、疑問或感嘆等形式。定、疑問或感嘆等形式。The fish cant live without water.I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.What

2、 a lovely day !Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table.祈使語氣祈使語氣(the Imperative Mood)用來表示請用來表示請求求,邀請邀請,命令命令,警告或勸告等警告或勸告等.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等(在在條件狀語條件狀語從句中或從句中或讓步讓步狀語從句中狀語從句中)；二是表示說話人的愿望、；二是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等要求、命令、建議

3、等 (在賓語從句、表語從句、在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和主語從句中同位語從句和主語從句中)。虛擬語氣的概念虛擬語氣的概念注意注意: 虛擬語氣的表示通常是使用虛擬語氣的表示通常是使用時態(tài)退后時態(tài)退后的原則的原則. 一、一、虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在if條件句中條件句中虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實相事實相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)與與過去過去相反的相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)與與將來將來相反的相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)If+主語主語+動詞的過去式動詞的過去式did（動詞（動詞be用用were)主語主語+should,would,might,could動詞動詞原形原形If+主語主語+had +過去分詞過去分詞done主

4、語主語should, would, might, couldhave done1、If+主語主語+動詞過去式動詞過去式did2、If+主語主語+were to+ 動詞原形動詞原形3、If+主語主語+should +動詞原形動詞原形主語主語should, would might, could動詞動詞原形原形If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world對現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)對現(xiàn)在的假設(shè):If it were fine now,I would go shopping.If the police were here, we wouldn

5、t be worried.對過去的假設(shè)：對過去的假設(shè)：If he had driven more carefully, he wouldnt have lost his life yesterday.舉例：舉例：If you had come earlier , you could have seen me last night . 你若早一點來，就會看見我了你若早一點來，就會看見我了對將來的假設(shè)：對將來的假設(shè)：If it rained tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.If it should rain tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.If it

6、 were to rain tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.如果明天下雨，我們就不出去了如果明天下雨，我們就不出去了 If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.如果我是你，我就會努力學(xué)習(xí)如果我是你，我就會努力學(xué)習(xí)如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就給他打電話了如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就給他打電話了如果明天下雨的話，我們會取消比賽如果明天下雨的話，我們會取消比賽If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.If I had known his telephone number,

7、 I would have called him.If it should were to rain, we would call off the match.More practice:If I went abroad , I would go to America.If I should go aboard , I would go to America.如果我去國外，我就去美國。如果我去國外，我就去美國。使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點：使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點：1.當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為生的時間不一致

8、時，被稱為：“錯綜時間條件句錯綜時間條件句”，動詞的形式要根據(jù)主從句各自所表示的時間分別作出動詞的形式要根據(jù)主從句各自所表示的時間分別作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整相應(yīng)的調(diào)整If you had followed my advice yesterday, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會好些了如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會好些了如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會是大學(xué)生如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會是大學(xué)生了了省略句省略句 在虛擬條件句中，

9、可省略在虛擬條件句中，可省略 if，把，把were ,had, should 提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbin

10、g. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 此種情況下句首不能用動詞的縮略形式此種情況下句首不能用動詞的縮略形式,如我們可以說如我們可以說:Were it not too late, I would go with you . 但不能說但不能說Werent it too late , I would go with you . 注意：注意：二、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用二、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用（1）用于賓語從句）用于賓語從句、wish wish 后面的賓語從句中。后面的賓語從句中。常表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的或很難實現(xiàn)的愿望，

11、意思是常表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的或很難實現(xiàn)的愿望，意思是“要是要是就好了就好了”。其謂語動詞形式為：其謂語動詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在過去時表現(xiàn)在過去時表過去過去完成時表過去過去完成時表將來表將來would, might, could動詞原形動詞原形 should I wish (that) I were a bird.（現(xiàn)在）（現(xiàn)在）I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.（過去）（過去）I wish (that) I wouldcould go.（將來）（將來）I wish (that) I could fly to the moon some day.

12、（將來）（將來）2.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。賓語從句。常見動詞：常見動詞： 一個堅持，兩個命令，三個要求，一個堅持，兩個命令，三個要求，四個建議。即四個建議。即1.insist (堅持堅持) 2. order, command (命令命令) 3. demand , require, request(要求要求)4. advise, suggest, propose, recommend(建議建議)這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞即從句中的動詞 使用使用should +

13、動詞原形，或動詞原形，或者將者將should省略。省略。例如例如:我們建議我們建議Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。他堅決要求我到場。他堅決要求我到場。國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。We suggested that Tom have a restHe insisted that I (should )be presentThe king ordered that the prisoners(should) be killed the next day.They requested that we (shoul

14、d) send them to work there.句中只要出現(xiàn)以上動詞句中只要出現(xiàn)以上動詞, 該句中的主語從句該句中的主語從句表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣。從句表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣（中的動詞形式一樣（should+動詞原形）。動詞原形）。Its suggested that the plan (should )be carried out.My demand is that she (should) come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical fac

15、tory( should )be closed down.注意：當(dāng)注意：當(dāng)suggest 當(dāng)表示當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“講時，講時，insist 表示表示”堅持認(rèn)為堅持認(rèn)為“之意時，之意時，應(yīng)用陳述語氣。應(yīng)用陳述語氣。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他臉上的表情表明他對我們的工作很滿意他臉上的表情表明他對我們的工作很滿意The man insisted that I had stolen the money.那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢不能說不能說:The man in

16、sisted that I should steal the money.A.在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞后面的從句中的謂語動詞用：用： should + 動詞原形動詞原形 1.我們有必要出去散散步。我們有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 2 她這樣做是很自然的。她這樣做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so. 3 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。

17、重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. （3）虛擬語氣在）虛擬語氣在 在主語從句中在主語從句中B. 在在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中句型中從句用從句用(should )+動詞原型動詞原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.C. 在在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that.句型中句型中從從句也常用句也常用(shoul

18、d )+動詞原型動詞原型 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 1. It is (high / about ) time that從句中的謂從句中的謂語動詞用過去式或語動詞用過去式或should動詞原形，動詞原形，should不能省略不能省略三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中It is high time that you went / should go to school.2. If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊啊)=I wish 表示現(xiàn)在的情況表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式應(yīng)用過去

19、式; 如果是過如果是過去的情況去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài)應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài) If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!3. would rather + 從句動詞用過去式或過去完成時從句動詞用過去式或過去完成時I would rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday. 4. as if ( as though) 看起來看起來常用虛擬形式，即常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；與過去事實相反表示與

20、現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；與過去事實相反用過去完成式用過去完成式 (had done).He treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son.He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it2. as if /though + Clause現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過去：過去：將來將來 :did /were(現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在)had done(過去過去)would+動詞原形動詞原形(將來將來)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.He speaks as if he had

21、been to the United States.5. even if ( even though)即使即使Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.1.would rather (that)I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.現(xiàn)在/將來：過去：

22、一般過去時一般過去時did / were過去完成時過去完成時had done注意：注意：如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么狀語從如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。It looks as if you are tired.It looks as if I am going to be busy. It looks as though it is going to rain.4.在在In case和和 for fear that “萬一；惟恐萬一；惟恐”引導(dǎo)的狀語引導(dǎo)的狀語 從句中，謂語動詞多用從句中，謂語動詞多用 should+動詞原形動詞原

23、形Take an umbrella in case it should rain / rains.In case I should fail, I would try again.I darent tell you what he did for fear that he should be angry with.虛擬條件句中的條件從句有時虛擬條件句中的條件從句有時不表出來，只暗含在上下文中，不表出來，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句這種句子叫做含蓄條件句用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有with, without, but for 等。如：等

24、。如：What would you do with a million dollars(=If you had a million dollars)?We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help(=if we hadnt got your help).But for the rain(=If it hadnt been for the rain), we would have finished the work.I would buy the book, but I have not enough mon

25、ey.I would have bought the book, but I didnt have enough money.我會買那本書的，但我現(xiàn)在沒有錢我會買那本書的，但我現(xiàn)在沒有錢我會買那本書的，但我當(dāng)時沒有錢我會買那本書的，但我當(dāng)時沒有錢1. 條件暗含在短語中。如：條件暗含在短語中。如： It would be easier to do it this way. (條件暗含在不定式短語條件暗含在不定式短語to do it this way 中中)But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含條件是暗含

26、條件是but for your help)Alone, he would have been terrified. (暗含條件是暗含條件是alone) I was ill that day. Otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(暗含條件是暗含條件是Otherwise)四四 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+ have donecould have done 本來可以本來可以- - -might have done 本來可能本來可能 - - -should / ought to have done 本來應(yīng)該做本來應(yīng)該做 - - -

27、shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不該做本不該做 - - 你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth .neednt have done 本不必做本不必做 - - - 比較：比較：didnt need to do 沒必要做也沒有做沒必要做也沒有做 - - - 我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本來會去做本來會去做-我沒有足夠的錢否

28、則我會買那本書的我沒有足夠的錢否則我會買那本書的I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.7.用在用在may+動詞原形動詞原形表表“祝愿祝愿”。may放在句放在句首。例：首。例： May you be happy ! May you succeed !Choose the best answer:1. It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished3.He _ you more help,even though he was very busy. A