定語從句精編

1、主從復(fù)合句-定 語 從 句什么是定語： 1The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year. 2The wallet on the desk is mine. 3I dont know the lady in a red dress. 4My classmate didnt join in us . 5He went to the school library . 6A woman police officer was praised for her good work. 7. Bob is an 18-year-old America

2、n boy. 8. Mum has much housework to do . 9 . He had something to tell us.10The demanding boss wasnt satisfied with my work. 11That building being repaired is our library. 12The excited boys burst into cheers. 13His surprised expression suggested that he didnt know the shocking news. 14He is one of t

3、he students that have been late. 15That was the boy who helped her yesterday. 歸納： 定語用來修飾_或代詞, 起限定作用。作定語的典型詞類是_和_, 也可以是_、_、_、_、_,_等。定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾復(fù)合不定代詞(如something)時, 或者是短語或定語從句作定語, 則總是放在所修飾名詞的后邊。I.概念:在復(fù)合句中，修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句；被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞；定語從句必須放在先行詞之后；引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)聯(lián)詞或關(guān)系詞。II.關(guān)聯(lián)詞: 常見的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞: that，

4、which, who，whom，whose和關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時在定語從句充當重要的句子成分, 如who , whom, which, that 充當主語或賓語, when充當時間狀語, where充當?shù)攸c狀語, why充當原因狀語等. 比如:1. This is the soldier who saved the boys life.這就是救了那個男孩命的戰(zhàn)士. 先行詞 關(guān)聯(lián)詞 定語從句2. Mum gave me a pen which/ that cost 80 yuan .媽媽給了我一支價值80元的鋼筆先

5、行詞 關(guān)聯(lián)詞 定語從句u *what 不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。u 關(guān)系詞在定語從句中一定充當某種句子成分.u *定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句兩種.我們使用的大多是限定性定語從句，非限定性定語從句(常由which, who , where, when)常用逗號把它和先行詞隔開. Eg: a. The girl who sits next to me is Meimei.(限定性定語從句) b. The girl, who is flying the kite, is my daughter.(非限定性定語從句)III.種類 一 由關(guān)系代詞which, who , whom, that引

6、導(dǎo)的定語從句. （一） which指代物， who指代人,whom指代人，只能作賓語。一般情況下that可指人或物,在從句中作主語或者賓語， Eg: a. My hometown is Gaozhou which/that is famous for its fruits. 我的家鄉(xiāng)是因水果而聞名的高州. (which / that 指物,在定語從句中作主語)b That is our foreign teacher that/who comes from America. 這是我們的外籍教師,來自美國. (who / that 指人,在定語從句中作主語)c. Wang Lei lent me

7、 a book which/ that he borrowed from the library. 王雷借給我一本他從圖書館借的書.( which/ that 指物,在定語從句中作賓語)d. The man who/whom/that he helped came to visit him for gratitude. 他曾經(jīng)幫助過的那個人回來感恩他。（who/whom/that在從句中作賓語） e. This is the thief who/that stole my bike. 這是偷我單車的小偷.(who/that在定語從句中做主語.) f. I met an old friend w

8、ho/that is a policeman. 我遇見了一位當警察的老朋友。(who/that在定語從句中做主語.)g. He is the boy whom / who/that you wanted to find. 他就是你要找的男孩. (who/ whom/that在定語從句中做賓語.)Exercise I: 用定語從句合并句子，1. I helped a little girl. The girl got lost in the market.2. The thief ran away. He caught the thief just now. 3. He comes from Q

9、ingdao. It faces Yellow Sea of China. 4. My father has a brother. He went to the USA ten years ago. 6. He went to the Grand Canyon. It is in Colorado in America.7. The police found his son. He got lost three days ago.8. Millions of people visit the Great Wall. It is the symbol of China.9. The old ma

10、n died last week. We often help him.10. Well have a holiday. It will last half a month.11. She told us the news. It made up very surprised.12. She became a reporter. The reporter is liked by many people.13. The woman is my aunt. She is wearing a red dress.14. I called my e-friend. I often talk with

11、him by QQ.15. The girl is from England. She often helps me with my English.Exercise II: 用定語從句翻譯下列句子。1他們?nèi)メt(yī)院看望在事故中受傷的人。2玲玲丟了父親上個月買給她的MP5。3我有一位在廣州市第八中學(xué)讀書的網(wǎng)友。4他在網(wǎng)上買了一部產(chǎn)自香港的數(shù)碼相機。5剛才被老師懲罰的那個男孩是我的同桌。6年輕人救了那個不小心跌落水中的小女孩。7Mr. Wang 給我們做了有關(guān)環(huán)境保護的報告。8農(nóng)民們?nèi)ツ攴N的樹被人砍了。9中國有很多瀕臨滅絕的動物。10林明喜歡深圳，一座現(xiàn)代化的城市。(二) whose 引導(dǎo)的定語從句

12、指某人的, 或某物的 在定語從句中做定語,后跟名詞.EG：a. The girl is waiting for you outside. Her/The girls mother is a doctor. -The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside. 媽媽是醫(yī)生的那個女孩在外面等你. (whose在定語從句中做定語.)b. The boss fired a young man. His / The young mans name is Ke Hui.-The boss fired a young man. whos

13、e name is Ke Hui. 老板開除了一個名叫柯輝的年輕人. (whose在定語從句中做定語.) * 表示某物的所屬關(guān)系時，也可用whose , 或者of whichc. I live in the room. The windows of the room face south.-I live in the room whose windows face south.-I live in the room, windows of which face south. 我住在窗戶朝南的房間. (whose在定語從句中做定語.)Exercise: 合并句子。1Weve heard of t

14、he singer. Her songs are very popular now.2This is the boy. His home is next to mine.3Do you know the person ? His clothes are wet outside.4Mr. Li is a doctor. His treatment is very useful to patients.5 John is a naughty boy. His parents both work in Shanghai.6. The students can get the scholarship.

15、 Their grades are good. 7. We did a survey. The topic of the survey was about the students sleeping problem.8. I visited a church. The main part of it was destroyed in the war.9. They had a discussion. The topic of it is whether the oral test should be canceled.10. He bought a house. The structure o

16、f the house is perfect. (三) 由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，有時并不指代某物，而是可以指代其前面的整件事情或整個句子的內(nèi)容，用逗號和主句隔開。Eg: a. He failed in the last English exam. It made him depressed. -He failed in the last English exam, which made him depressed. b. The baby had a constant fever. Her parents were worried about it. -The baby had a con

17、stant fever, which her parents were worried about. c. The global warming is continuing. It leads to the more deaths of polar bears. -The global warming is continuing, which leads to the more deaths of polar bears.Exercise: Translate the following sentences.1. The living expense is rising more rapidl

18、y, which makes people feel more stressful. 2. The heavy rain was lasting the whole night, which led to the streets drowned heavily.3. More and more citizens buy private cars, which causes the traffic jam more severely.4. The girl survived the air crash, which surprised all of us. 5. Some workers wer

19、e late for work, which made the manager quite angry.6. 父親整夜都在咳嗽，令我很擔(dān)心。7袁隆平在水稻研究方面做出了巨大貢獻，這讓他蜚聲海內(nèi)外。8他們班獲得冠軍，這讓老師很自豪。9附近新開了一家超市，給我們帶來了極大的方便。10你應(yīng)該多休息，這樣有利于你的康復(fù)。(四) 在下列情況之下，修飾物時，只能用that不能用which.1. 先行詞為不定代詞, 如: all , something, anything, nothing, everything, , the one 時. Eg: a/ Is there anything that you

20、 want to buy in the shop ? 你有在商店要買的東西嗎? b/ I told them all that I know. 我告訴了他們我知道的全部2. 先行詞時序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時. Eg: a/ The first people that invented paper were ancient Chinese. b/ This is the fifth gold medal that he won in the Olympic Games.3. 先行詞是形容詞最高級或被最高級修飾時. Eg: a. He is the best that Ive seen. b. Ho

21、ng Kong is the busiest city that lies to the south of Guangdong. 4. 如果行行詞既有人又有物時, 用that , 不用which 或who Eg: a. We know nothing about the doctors and hospital that youre talking about. b. I can remember the photos and the persons that I saw in the room.(五) 在下列情況之下，修飾人時，只能用who/whom,不能用that.1. 先行詞為one,

22、ones, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody時,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom. a. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何違犯法律的人都應(yīng)該受到懲罰. b. We should learn from the one who studies hard.我們應(yīng)向?qū)W習(xí)努力的人學(xué)習(xí).2.先行詞為these / those時Eg: These who are going to Beijing are the best students in our school.

23、3. 在there be 開頭的句子中. Eg: a. There is a student who wants to see you. 那有個想見你的學(xué)生. b. There are some children who love rap music.有些喜歡說唱樂的孩子* 在以who / which 開頭的疑問句中， 用that , 不用who/ which Eg: a. Who is the woman that is still standing outside ?還站在外面的那個女的是誰? b. Which are the flowers that are for parents ?

24、哪些是適合送給父母的花?(五) 特別注意： 介詞 + which / whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句 選用什么介詞，一看介詞本身的用法，二看介詞和動詞的固定搭配。 Eg： a. This is the house. I lived in the house before. - This is the house in which I lived before. b. There were many tourists. Some of them came from South Korean. -There were many tourists, some of whom came from South

25、Korean, c. I showed them my new handbag. I paid $120 for it. -I showed them my new handbag for which I paid $120.Exercise: 填上適當?shù)慕樵~+which/whom.1. That is the factory _ _ I once worked.2. The newly-built caf, the walls _ _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place.3. However, after a year _

26、_ they became more serious about their work. 4. The man _ _ my father is talking now is a policeman. 5. The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people, many _ _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. 6. This is the pen _ _ I wrote the letter. 7. The man came _ _ I learned the news. 8.

27、 The day _ _ he was born is October 10th.9. Here is the hero _ _ we are proud. 10. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ _ she could turn for help.11. I have many friends, _ _some are businessmen. 12. She was educated at Beijing University, _ _ she went to study abroad. 13. Water is very

28、 important for us, _ _ we cant live. 14. They will visit the farm _ _ my brother works. 15. He had a successful concert, _ _ everyone clapped and appreciated his music.(六) 特別注意：which 和as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別： Eg: a. As is known to us all, the earth goes around the sun. b. David, as you know, is a photographer

29、. c. Li Ming was late, which made Mr. Zhang very angry. 歸納總結(jié)：當先行詞是整個主句時，這類非限制性定語從句只能用which或as引導(dǎo)，區(qū)別在于： 1. which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能放在主句的后面， as引導(dǎo)的定語從句通常放在主句的前面，有時放在中間。 2. which常譯為“這”,as常譯為“正如”，且常和expect, know, hope, imagine, see連用。 3. as常用于固定搭配中： as is often the case（這是常有的事）, as is known to all/ as we all know（眾

30、所周知）, as we expected（正如我們所料）, as is expected（不出所料）, as often happens(正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣)， as has been said before（如上所述）, as is mentioned above（正如上面所提到的）Exercise: Fill in the blank with “which” or “as”1. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. 2

31、. _is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. 3. _is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.4. I looked into their eyes, I found they didnt care, _ told me it would be useless, but when I looked into yours, I saw kindness.5. Hellen was much kin

32、der to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him. 6. _ is known to all, the moon travels around the earth once every month. 7. _is mentioned above, paper is first made in China. 8. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everyone in the office. 9. The result of the

33、 experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected. 10. Sun Yang, _ we imagined, won the gold medal in this event. 二由關(guān)系副詞when, where, why引導(dǎo)的定語從句. * when, where, why , 相當于介詞 + which, （一） when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語, when=介詞 + which,Eg: a. That is the time. He arrived at the time.-That is the time when h

34、e arrived. 那就是他到達的時間。 -That is the time at which he arrived. b. He forget the day. He won the match on the day.-He forgets the day when he won the match. 他忘記了他贏得比賽的那一天。 -He forgets the day on which he won the match.*如果表示時間的詞在從句中不作時間狀語，而是作賓語或主語時，則要用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。 Eg: a.He remembers the days that/

35、which he spent with his net pals. (作spent的賓語) b. I often recall the summer when I went camping in Beijing. (作時間狀語) c.She cant forget the festival which/ that impressed her a lot. (作主語) e. Do you remember the festival when we had a wonderful time ? (作時間狀語)(二)where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語. where=介詞+ w

36、hich, Eg: a. That is the farm. His father works on the farm.- -That is the farm where his father works. 那就是他父親干活的那家農(nóng)場。-That is the farm on which his father works. b. They got to the village. There are many poor children in the village.- They got to the village where there are many poor children. -Th

37、ey got to the village in which there are many poor children.*如果表示地點的詞在從句中不作地點狀語，而是作賓語或主語時，則要用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。 Eg: a. That is the reserve where the tigers live . (作地點狀語) b. That is the reserve that/which they visited last month.(作visit的賓語) c. They have been to the museum where there are many paintin

38、g on show. (作地點狀語) d. They have been to the museum which/ that was built three years ago.(作主語)*有些抽象名詞如：point, situation, position, case, job, activity后跟where引導(dǎo)的定語從句 eg: a. He reach a point where medicine cant help. 他已到了藥物無法治療的地步。 b. There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情況

39、下，mighty一詞可用作副詞。 c. He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面。 d. She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use. 她想找一份能將她的管理技能派上用場的工作e. Its put me in a position where I cant afford to take the job. 這使我陷入一種不能接受此工作的境地。(三). why指原因,其先

40、行詞表示原因,在定語從句中起原因狀語的作用，why =for + which Eg: a. He didnt tell me the reason why he was late. 他沒有告訴我他為什么遲到的原因. -He didnt tell me the reason for which he was late. b. This is the reason why the boy was punished.這是男孩為什么受到懲罰的原因. -This is the reason for which the boy was punished.*如果reason在從句中不作原因狀語，而是作賓語或

41、主語時，則要用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。 Eg: a. That was the reason which/that he gave me.(作gave的賓語) b. I think the reason which/that she explained is unbelievable.( 作explained的賓語)Ex: 用which, who, that, whom, when, where , why,填空.1. Nobody knows the reason _he is often late for work.2. Do you know the street _he li

42、ves ?3. I dont remember the day _he opened the company.4. Is this the room _the meeting will be held ?5. Can you tell me the reason _you chose this gift ?6. It was that year _my sister left for England. 7. My parents often miss the days _my family stayed together.8. It was October 1, 1949_the PRC wa

43、s founded.9. Mrs. Yang wants to go to that city _her son is studying.10. She showed me around the office _she works.11. Do you remember the days _we spent by the sea ?12. I like the city _is near the sea. 13. Ill never forget the day _I was born.14. The day _ I always remember in all my life is my b

44、irthday15. I dont want a job _Im chained to a desk all day.16. In the years _ followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it.17. The crisis has reached a point_the receiver will have to be called in18. The blind dancer thinks dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.19. She had

45、 got to the point _ she felt that she could not take any more.20. Is this the classroom in _ the old worker is going to make/give us a report?21I dont know the reason _ she didnt come.22I remember the days _we lived in America.23. I came back the city _ I was born.24. It reminds me of the summer _ I

46、 spent in my hometown.25. I dont believe the reason _ she explained just now.26. My father likes smoking, _is a bad habit.27. The teacher told us a story _made all of us moved.28. I had little money _was my pocket money.29. This is the museum _they visited last weekend.30. The room in _he lives is v

47、ery small .31. The bridge _was built 1990 broke down a few days ago.32. This is the worst film _we have ever seen.33. Two old friends talked about the things and persons _they remembered there.34. Everything _we saw there was very interesting.35. His dog, _is not very old, is ill now.36. Those _ are

48、 broken must be repaired and reused.37. Cell phone is the greatest invention _ improves our life a lot.38. The last problem _ I worked out is very difficult.39. This is the most expensive restaurant in the city _ I know.40. Have you ever been to Hangzhou _symbol is West Lake ?高考鏈接：1. Jane stopped in

49、 front of a counter _sine attractive ties were on display.(2009高考廣東卷)2. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _ had been his teacher. (2010高考廣東卷)3. Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me.

50、 (2011高考廣東卷)4. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, _ made her feel like a star. (2012高考廣東卷)5. Nicks guests, _had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could.(2013高考廣東卷)6. In 1912, Thomas Edison, at the age of 67, lost his factory, _was worth a few million dollars, to fire. (2012珠海模擬)7. In China, many parents go out of their way to give their children auspic