新初三銜接班英語第十講句子成分+賓語從句(10)

1、 課程開發(fā)模板文理科前言一、 課程設(shè)置目的：二、 目錄：第一講：閱讀（一） 詞法：名詞第二講：閱讀（二） 詞法：代詞第三講：閱讀（三） 詞法：形容詞和副詞第四講：閱讀（四） 詞法：數(shù)詞第五講：閱讀（五） 詞法：動詞第六講：時態(tài)：初中階段的八大時態(tài)分析（一）第七講：時態(tài)：初中階段的八大時態(tài)分析（二）第八講：閱讀（六） 語態(tài)：被動語態(tài)第九講：句子種類：陳述句；疑問句；感嘆句；祈使句；反意疑問句第十講： 句子成分；賓語從句第十一講：五種基本句型；狀語從句第十二講：句法：定語從句三、 目錄：第一講：第二講：第三講：第四講：第五講：第六講：第七講：第八講：第九講：第十講：句子成分；賓語從句第十一講：第十

2、二講：第十講：句子成分；賓語從句課程目標(biāo)1、句子成分的綜合運(yùn)用2、賓語從句課程重點(diǎn)賓語從句的綜合運(yùn)用課程難點(diǎn)賓語從句的時態(tài)；連接詞；語序教學(xué)方法建議講授、提問、論證、練習(xí)選材程度及數(shù)量課堂精講例題搭配課堂訓(xùn)練題課后作業(yè)A類（ 1）道（ 3 ）道（ 4 ）道B類（ 3）道（ 3 ）道（ 3 ）道C類（ 1）道（ 1 ）道（ 4）道一、句子成分一）、句子的成分組成句子的各個部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主語、謂語、表語、賓語(直接賓語和 間接賓語)、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。其中主語和謂語是句子的主體，表語、賓語和賓語 補(bǔ)足語是謂語的組成部分，其他成分如定語和狀語是句子的次要部分。1 主語主語表示

3、所說的“是什么”或“是誰”，通常用名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短 語或從句擔(dān)任。主語要放在句首。The girl studies in No.4 Middle School.這個女孩子在四中學(xué)習(xí)。(敘述“誰”)The post office is open.郵局開門了。(敘述“事，什么”)Only five are here.只有五個人來了。(數(shù)詞作主語)To say is one thing, and to do is another.說是一回事，做是另一回事。(不定式作主語)What you said hurt me badly.你所說的話深深地刺傷了我。(從句作主語)注意：it作

4、主語時，可以有以下作用：表示時間、天氣、季節(jié)、距離和自然現(xiàn)象。Its twelve thirty.現(xiàn)在十二點(diǎn)半。Its windy today.今天刮大風(fēng)。Its autumn and they want to go for an out of town tour.這是秋天，他們要去郊游。Its only ten minutes walk from here.從這兒走十分鐘就到了。It was so hot in this summer.今年夏天可真熱!表示剛剛提到的事情。Whats this? Its a fox.這是什么? 它是一只狐貍。Whats that? Its your new c

5、oat.那是什么? 是你的新大衣。起指示代詞的作用，表示人或事物。Who is it outside? Its Susan.外面是誰? 我是蘇姍。Thats it!就是這么回事!用作形式主語或形式賓語。Its my job to teach them English教他們英語是我的工作。(it作形式主語，真正的主語是to teach them English.)Do you find it difficult to work out the problem?你發(fā)現(xiàn)解出這道題困難嗎?(it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是to work out the problem)Whats it like bein

6、g a pilot?當(dāng)個飛行員是怎樣的?(it作形式主語，真正的主語是being a pilot)2 謂語謂語起著說明主語的動作、特征或狀態(tài)的作用，必須用動詞表示。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩 方面要一致，通常在主語之后。謂語通常有三個表現(xiàn)形式：(1)動詞或動詞短語作謂語He studies hard.他學(xué)習(xí)很努力。The performance has already begun.演出已經(jīng)開始。(2)謂語動詞和賓語及賓語補(bǔ)語作謂語They are picking apples.他們正在摘蘋果。He made us laugh heavily.他使我們大笑不止。(3)連系動詞和表語作謂語Her mo

7、ther is an inspector.她的母親是一位檢查官。It is getting dark.天色漸漸地黑了下來。He is feeling well.他現(xiàn)在感覺身體很好。句子成分巧劃分 ：主在前，謂在中，賓語、狀語后面沖。短語定語主賓后，形、代定語主賓前。間賓直賓緊相依，直、間之間to、for連，賓補(bǔ)位于賓語后，地狀常在時狀前。3 表語表語用于說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、身份或狀態(tài)，可以由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞和不定式以及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語來擔(dān)任，表語要放在連系動詞后。He is a lawyer.他是一名律師。(名詞作表語)The performance is wonderf

8、ul.這次演出非常精彩。(形容詞作表語)All are here. 大家都已經(jīng)到了。(副詞作表語)The girl is only four.這個小姑娘僅僅四歲。(數(shù)詞作表語)They are in class. 他們正在上課。(介詞短語作表語)The rice got burned.飯燜糊了。(過去分詞作表語)Her job is to wash all the sheets and the clothes.她的工作是洗這些床單和衣服。(不定式作表語)Teaching is learning. 教學(xué)相長。(動名詞作表語)The trouble is that we are short of

9、hands.問題是我們?nèi)耸植粔?。（從句作表語）4 賓語賓語是及物動詞所示動作的對象或介詞的對象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語及從句都可以擔(dān)任作賓語。賓語要放在謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之后。My father enjoys tea. 我父親喜歡喝茶。(名詞作賓語)The headmaster praised her at the school meeting. 校長在學(xué)校大會上表揚(yáng)了她。(代詞作賓語)They had to sleep in the open air after the earthquake. 地震之后，他們只得睡在露天地。(不定式作賓語)Do you enjoy

10、 living here? 你愿意住在這里嗎? (動名詞作賓語)I want only one.我只要一個。(數(shù)詞作賓語)I dont think you are right.我認(rèn)為你不對。(從句作賓語)注意：某些及物動詞之后要求有雙賓語(即直接賓語和間接賓語)， 直接賓語指物，間接賓語指人。這一類動詞有：bring, give, pass, tell, hand, show, s end, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay等。She showed me a few magazines.她拿

11、出了一些雜志給我看。His father bought him a motorbike.他父親給他買了一輛摩托車。I promised her a wonderful present on her birthday .我答應(yīng)在她生日那天給她一件奇妙的禮物。在需要的情況下，間接賓語也可以位于直接賓語之后，但此時間接賓語之前需要加介詞“ to”或“for”。She made me a sweater.(She made a sweater for me.)她給我織了一件毛衣。He left her three children.(He left three children to her)他給她留

12、下三個孩子。有些及物動詞的后面，其賓語還需要有一個補(bǔ)足語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這樣的賓語和 賓語補(bǔ)足語稱為復(fù)合賓語。名詞、形容詞、不定式或介詞短語都可以作賓語補(bǔ)足語。The couple named the baby Mary.(名詞作賓 補(bǔ))這對夫妻給孩子取名叫瑪麗。 He made her unhappy. 他使她很不高興。(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))“Let me out!”The boy cried. “讓我出去!”那男孩喊道。(副詞作賓補(bǔ)) She saw a man in front of the gate. 她看見門外有一個男人。(介詞短語作賓補(bǔ))She often helps me do

13、the housework. 她經(jīng)常幫助我做家務(wù)。(不定式作賓補(bǔ)) I kept you waiting for half an hour. 我讓你等了半個小時。(動名詞作賓補(bǔ))5 狀語狀語用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。通常表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方 式、程度等。狀語一般由副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短 語來擔(dān)當(dāng)。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。She drove fast.(副詞作狀語)她把車開得飛快。There is a shelter under the post office.在郵局的地底下，有一個掩蔽所。(介詞短語作狀語)To l

14、iberate our country, they devoted their lives.為了解放祖國，他們獻(xiàn)出了生命。(不定式短語作狀語)Seeing his old mother, the man went towards her and threw himself on his knees.那人一看見年邁的母親就跑上前去跪倒在她面前。(分詞短語作狀語)It was blowing hard when she was on her way home yesterday.昨天她回家的路上，風(fēng)刮得正大。(從句作狀語)6 定語定語用于修飾名詞或代詞。可以擔(dān)任定語的有形容詞、代詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、名

15、詞所有格、副 詞、不定式、分詞和分詞短語、介詞短語及從句等等。定語的位置很靈活，凡有名詞和代詞 的地方都可以有定語。The blue car is Jeffs. 那輛藍(lán)色的轎車是杰夫的。(形容詞作定語)Is this your bike? 這是你的自行車嗎? (代詞作定語)I made him a model plane.我給他做了一架航模。(名詞作定語)The man outside the teachers office is his father. 辦公室外面的那個人是他的父親。(介詞短語作定語)Where are the childrens gifts?孩子們的禮物在哪里？（名詞所有格

16、作定語）Ill have a lot of clothes to wash this Saturday.這個星期六我要洗好多衣服。(不定式作定語)Will you say something about your travelling experience? (動名詞作定語)請你說說你的一些旅游經(jīng)歷好嗎?The woman who is singing on the stage is her aunt.(從句 作定語)正在臺上演唱的那個女人是她的姑姑。鞏固練習(xí)：(一). 指出下列句中主語的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking i

17、nto the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二). 選出句中謂語的中心詞 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dontB. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when sum

18、mer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. DoB. usually C. goD. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will beB. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. have D. breakfast Tom

19、 didnt do his homework yesterday. A. TomB. didntC. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. wantB. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. WeB. hadC. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. isB. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. did

20、C. whom D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework.AB CD People all over the world speak English. AB CD You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B CD How many new words did you learn last class?A BC D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? AB C

21、 D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.AB CD They made him monitor of the class.ABC D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A B C D You will find it useful after you leave school.A BCD They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.AB C D(四) 挑出下列句中的表語 The old man

22、 was feeling very tired. A B CD Why is he worried about Jim?AB C D The leaves have turned yellow. A B CD Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B CD She was the first to learn about it. A BC D(五) 挑出下列句中的定語 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B CD What is your given name?A BCD On the

23、third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A B CD I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A BCD The man downstairs was trying to sleep. AB CD I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A BCD(六) 挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B CD He asked

24、her to take the boy out of school. A B CD She found it difficult to do the work.A B CD They call me Lily sometimes. A BC D I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B CD Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? A BC D(七) 挑出下列句中的狀語 There was a big smile on her face.A B CD Every night he

25、 heard the noise upstairs. A B CD He began to learn English when he was eleven. A B CD The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast. A B CD With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. AB CD She loves the library because she loves books. A BC D I am afraid that if youve lost it, you

26、must pay for it.A B C D The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.AB CD(八) 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?二、賓語從句一. 賓語從句的

27、種類賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how

28、引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me wh

29、ether (if) I could help him.二. 賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.三. 賓語從句的時態(tài)1. 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句該用什麼時態(tài)就用什麼時態(tài)。如：I dont think (that) you are right.Please

30、 tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時， 過去進(jìn)行時， 過去將來時，過去完成時）。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3

31、. 如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.【考點(diǎn)掃描】中考對賓語從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面：1. 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞和代詞選擇；2. 賓語從句的語序；3. 賓語從句的時態(tài)?？疾榈闹饕问绞菃雾椞羁?、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也要用到賓語從句?！局锌挤独?. (2004年北京市中考試題) Miss Gre

32、en didnt tell us _ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述句的語序和時態(tài)，所以應(yīng)選D。2. (2004年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題) Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why h

33、e didnt watch the game 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。主句用的實際上是現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句在這個句子里應(yīng)用陳述句的語序和一般過去時。3. (2004年哈爾濱市中考試題) I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。只有B在語序和時態(tài)上符合要求。4. (2004年常州市中考試題) -We dont know _. -It is

34、said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 【解析】答案: C。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序。按照他們談?wù)摰脑掝}可知：他們說的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的語序不對，只有C正確?！緷M分演練】一. 單項填空1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what T

35、om will do D. what Tom did2. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which4. Jim doesnt understand _. A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C.

36、what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which6. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening. A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home7.

37、Could you tell me _ the bike this morning? A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend8. -Im waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive? -Usually it comes by 4: 00. A. how B. where C. when D. what9. -Excuse me, would you please tell me _? -Certainly. Go straight a

38、long here. Its next to a hospital. A. how we can get to the post office B. how can we get to the post office C. how get to the post office D. how could we get to the post office10. -Can I help you? -Yes. Id like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me _ take to get there? A. how soon will it B. how

39、soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it11. He wanted to know _. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start C. what hes going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held 12. -Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden? -The day after tomorrow, I think. A.

40、when will you visit B. when you will visit C. when would you visit D. when you would visit13. Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang? A. what should we do B. we should do what C. what we should do D. should we do what14. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how t

41、hey were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited15. I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. A. that B. when C. where D. whether16. -Could you tell me _? -Sorry, I dont know. I was not at the meeting. A. what does he say at the meeting B. what

42、did he say at the meeting C. what he says at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting17. -Could you tell me _ last night? -Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home. A. what you were doing B. what were you doing C. what you are doing D. what are you doing18. The teacher asked the students _. A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B