英語(yǔ)中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移以及部分否定

1、英語(yǔ)中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移 “I dont think he is a good doctor.”翻譯：我認(rèn)為他不是個(gè)好醫(yī)生。I dont think you will have any difficulty in finding the boys dormitory.翻譯：我認(rèn)為你找到男生宿舍不會(huì)有困難。否定轉(zhuǎn)移的主句動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)義上可分為兩類：A:表示看法的動(dòng)詞：be supposed to, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think，fancy，guess，should say等表示主觀意見(jiàn)和猜想的動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，按習(xí)慣其賓語(yǔ)從句的否定通常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句。如：1

2、. I didnt think I have seen you before.2. She didnt imagine that we would say anything.B:表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞：在seem，feel，taste，sound，appear，look like, feel as if, look as if, sound as if作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞的句子中，特別是seem，按習(xí)慣以它的否定來(lái)代替其他部分的否定。例如：1. The baby doesnt appear to be awake.2. It doesnt look （看起來(lái)） like its（天不會(huì)）going to rai

3、n.3English doesnt seem easy to learn. 英語(yǔ)好像不容易學(xué)。4It didnt seem during those years that there could be anyone else who might share my own peculiar tastes. 在那些年月里，似乎沒(méi)有人會(huì)有我這樣的特殊情趣。類似的情況還有半助動(dòng)詞happen。例如：He didnt happen to be at home. 他碰巧不在家。C:以because引導(dǎo)的從句或because of引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其否定常常轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：1I dont tea

4、ch because teaching is easy for me., and nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or I have knowledge I feel compelled to share with others. ( I teach not because neither because) 我當(dāng)教師，并不是因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)得教書輕松也不是因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為自己能夠解答各種問(wèn)題，或者因?yàn)槲矣袧M腹學(xué)問(wèn)，覺(jué)得非與別人分享不可。2.I didnt go there because of his request. (I went there

5、 not because of his request.) 我不是因?yàn)樗囊蠖サ?。在有些情況下，否定顯然是在主句，而不在從句，并未轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：I couldnt concentrate because I was so hungry, because I hadnt had my breakfast. 我無(wú)法集中精力，因?yàn)槲液莛I，因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有吃早飯。有時(shí)，特指否定和一般否定界線不明，因而產(chǎn)生歧義。例如：I didnt go because I was afraid. 特指否定：我去了，但不是因?yàn)槲液ε?。一般否定：我沒(méi)有去，因?yàn)槲液ε隆．?dāng)句子是一般否定時(shí)，為避免歧義，在口頭表達(dá)時(shí)，需在beca

6、use前稍作停頓。在書面表達(dá)時(shí)，可在because前用逗號(hào)將從句和主句分開(kāi)。例如：He didnt go to school, because he was ill. 他沒(méi)去上學(xué)，因?yàn)樗×恕:不轉(zhuǎn)移否定的幾種情況在以下特殊情況中，即使有允許否定轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，也不能將其否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。 1. I think是插入語(yǔ)，可看作與其他部分無(wú)關(guān)時(shí)。如： I wish you were here, then, I think, I should not feel like this.2. 主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞cant, mustnt, wouldnt等時(shí)。如： I cant believe that th

7、ey are married.You mustnt think hes stupid. 3.由于cannot help doing, ought not, need not, not at all等短語(yǔ)的關(guān)系而把I think隔離時(shí)。如： I think you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.“I think the angel is not at all in heaven.” Redmond said.4.由于受not justbut, just notenough, not much, not quite等以not為核心的副詞短

8、語(yǔ)的影響，也不便把其否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。如：I think Im just not smart enough to make any sense out of for you.But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I.5. 句中含有no, never, nothing, nobody等否定詞時(shí)。如：I should think you never have seen many.I thought it explained nothing.英語(yǔ)中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移1)將think, believe, suppose, ex

9、pect, fancy, imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。 I dont think I know you.我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。 I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回來(lái)。注意：若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。 I hope you werent ill. 我想你沒(méi)有生病吧。2) 將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。 It doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看來(lái)他們不知道往哪去。 It doesnt app

10、ear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 看來(lái)我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣。3) 有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定。 I dont remember having ever seen such a man. 我記得從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣一個(gè)人。 (not否定動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) having) Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在這里，人們不會(huì)想到在街上會(huì)碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能用否定形

11、式。)4) 有時(shí)狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前。 The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定狀語(yǔ))螞蟻不只是為自己采食。 He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because狀語(yǔ)) 他并不因亞里斯多德說(shuō)過(guò)如何，就輕信此事。She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beau

12、ty.(否定狀語(yǔ)many weeks)她結(jié)婚還不到幾個(gè)月，這個(gè)人的弟弟就看見(jiàn)她了，并對(duì)她的美貌著迷。但是屬于下列情況的卻不用進(jìn)行否定轉(zhuǎn)移1.主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)時(shí)。例如：He thought that it was not his duty to help Tom. 他認(rèn)為幫助湯姆不是他的責(zé)任。I had thought that he would not come.我原以為他不回來(lái)呢。2.主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)。例如： Mary was thinking the room was not hot enough.瑪麗在想那房間還不夠熱。 We were thinking

13、 they could not receive our demands.我們?cè)谙胨麄儾豢赡芙邮芪覀兊囊蟆?、主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)。例如：We have supposed we will not trouble you again.我們想我們不會(huì)再麻煩你了。 I have been thinking that the sky wont fall down.我相信天不會(huì)塌下來(lái)。4、當(dāng)think用在疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，一般不要求否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 Why do you think we cant change your note? 你為什么認(rèn)為我們換不開(kāi)你的鈔票呢？ Do you thin

14、k my mother wouldnt permit this? 你認(rèn)為我媽媽不會(huì)答應(yīng)嗎？5、當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，不屬于否定轉(zhuǎn)移。例如： The boss must think I am not fit for the job.老板一定認(rèn)為我不適合這項(xiàng)工作。 You cant think how glad I am to see you. 你無(wú)法想象我見(jiàn)到你是多么高興。6、當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，不屬于否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象。例如： I didnt think that they were happy. 我并不認(rèn)為他們是幸福的。 I really think you neednt

15、 worry about him.我真認(rèn)為你沒(méi)必要為他擔(dān)心。7、當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的助動(dòng)詞do, does, did修飾時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：I do think it is wise of her to say so.我確實(shí)認(rèn)為她這么說(shuō)是明智的.I do believe she doesnt tell a lie. 我真的相信她沒(méi)有撒謊。8、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中有no, never, hardly等否定詞時(shí)，否定通常不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如： We all think that she is a person for nothing.我們都認(rèn)為她是一個(gè)不中用的人。 I believe Tom neve

16、r tells a lie.我相信湯姆從來(lái)不撒謊。9、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中含有not at all, not a bit, notenough, cant help doing等一些固定詞組時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如： I think she is not tired at all.我想她一點(diǎn)也不累。 I think I cant help laughing if I see it.我想我看見(jiàn)它時(shí)會(huì)忍不住大笑。英語(yǔ)中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移英語(yǔ)中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移1)將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式，而

17、從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。 I dont think I know you.我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。 I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回來(lái)。注意：若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。 I hope you werent ill. 我想你沒(méi)有生病吧。2) 將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。 It doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看來(lái)他們不知道往哪去。 It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 看來(lái)我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣

18、。3) 有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定。 I dont remember having ever seen such a man. 我記得從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣一個(gè)人。 (not否定動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) having) Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在這里，人們不會(huì)想到在街上會(huì)碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能用否定形式。)4) 有時(shí)狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前。 The ant is not gathering

19、 this for itself alone.(否定狀語(yǔ))螞蟻不只是為自己采食。 He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because狀語(yǔ)) 他并不因亞里斯多德說(shuō)過(guò)如何，就輕信此事。She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定狀語(yǔ)many weeks)她結(jié)婚還不到幾個(gè)月，這個(gè)人的弟弟就看見(jiàn)她了，并對(duì)她的美貌著迷。但是屬于

20、下列情況的卻不用進(jìn)行否定轉(zhuǎn)移1.主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)時(shí)。例如：He thought that it was not his duty to help Tom. 他認(rèn)為幫助湯姆不是他的責(zé)任。I had thought that he would not come.我原以為他不回來(lái)呢。2.主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)。例如： Mary was thinking the room was not hot enough.瑪麗在想那房間還不夠熱。 We were thinking they could not receive our demands.我們?cè)谙胨麄儾豢赡芙邮芪覀兊囊蟆?

21、、主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)。例如：We have supposed we will not trouble you again.我們想我們不會(huì)再麻煩你了。 I have been thinking that the sky wont fall down.我相信天不會(huì)塌下來(lái)。4、當(dāng)think用在疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，一般不要求否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 Why do you think we cant change your note? 你為什么認(rèn)為我們換不開(kāi)你的鈔票呢？ Do you think my mother wouldnt permit this? 你認(rèn)為我媽媽不會(huì)答應(yīng)嗎？5、當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)

22、動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，不屬于否定轉(zhuǎn)移。例如： The boss must think I am not fit for the job.老板一定認(rèn)為我不適合這項(xiàng)工作。 You cant think how glad I am to see you. 你無(wú)法想象我見(jiàn)到你是多么高興。6、當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，不屬于否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象。例如： I didnt think that they were happy. 我并不認(rèn)為他們是幸福的。 I really think you neednt worry about him.我真認(rèn)為你沒(méi)必要為他擔(dān)心。7、當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的助動(dòng)詞do,

23、does, did修飾時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：I do think it is wise of her to say so.我確實(shí)認(rèn)為她這么說(shuō)是明智的.I do believe she doesnt tell a lie. 我真的相信她沒(méi)有撒謊。8、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中有no, never, hardly等否定詞時(shí)，否定通常不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如： We all think that she is a person for nothing.我們都認(rèn)為她是一個(gè)不中用的人。 I believe Tom never tells a lie.我相信湯姆從來(lái)不撒謊。9、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中含有not at all, not a b

24、it, notenough, cant help doing等一些固定詞組時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。例如： I think she is not tired at all.我想她一點(diǎn)也不累。 I think I cant help laughing if I see it.我想我看見(jiàn)它時(shí)會(huì)忍不住大笑。英語(yǔ)部分否定的七種表示方法 英語(yǔ)中的部分否定(即不完全否定)有如下一些表示方法：一、 all 的否定式：not all(或：allnot)表示并非都、不是所有的都例如：Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能當(dāng)頭頭。N

25、ot all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都會(huì)長(zhǎng)得很高。二、 both 的否定式：notboth (或：both not) 并非兩個(gè)都 例如：I dont want both the books. 我不是兩本書都要。Both (the) windows are not open. 兩扇窗子并不都開(kāi)著。三、 every的否定式：不是每都 例如：Not every book is educative. (或：Every book is not educative.) 不是每本書都有教育意義的。Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜歡這本書。This flower is not seen everywhere. 這花并不是隨處可見(jiàn)的。四、 always的否定式：并非總是(并非一直) 例如：He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都這樣悲傷。五、 entirely, altogether, completely 和quite 的否定式：不完全，并非完全 例如：The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。He felt not altogether satisfied. 他并不完全滿意。I