英語學(xué)習(xí)--虛擬語氣

1、虛 擬 語 氣 虛 擬 語 氣虛擬語氣分三種情況來掌握：1、虛擬條件句。2、名詞性虛擬語氣。3、虛擬語氣的其他用語。一、虛擬條件句：條件狀語從句是非真實(shí)情況，在這種情況下要用虛擬語氣。1、條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致，其句型為：If 主語過去時(shí)，主語should（could, would, 或might）動(dòng)詞原形，如：If I were you, I would study hard.If it rained, I would not be here now.2、條件從句與過去事實(shí)不一致，句型為：If 主語had過去分詞，主語should（could, would, 或might）have過去分詞

2、，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.3、條件從句與將來事實(shí)不一致，句型為：do，主語should（could） 原形 do過去時(shí)（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)條件句一樣）。If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my

3、 own eyes.If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.注意問題：1、If條件句中絕對(duì)不可出現(xiàn)“would”。2、根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語，有時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況，即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況，條件句也許是發(fā)生在過去的情況，但都是遵守上述句型。3、在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were, had, should可省去if，將主語與這些詞倒裝，例如：Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I woul

4、d see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.二、名詞性虛擬語氣：在表示命令、建議要求、驚嘆時(shí)的名詞性從句中需用虛擬語氣，基本句型：主語（should）動(dòng)詞原形，如：Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 oclock.（賓語從句）We suggested that the meeting should not be held.It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主語從句

5、）The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位語從句）That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表語從句）注意：在這種句子中絕不出現(xiàn)“would”“must”“could”等。三、虛擬語氣在一些特殊詞中的使用或含蓄條件句：1、wish后的賓語從句：與現(xiàn)在愿望不一致 主語過去時(shí)；與過去愿望不一致 主語had過去分詞；與未來愿望不一致 主語would（could）原形。I wish I were you.I wish I had visited the white House wh

6、en I was in the states.I wish I met you tomorrow at the party.2、Its time句型：當(dāng)Its time后用that從句時(shí)應(yīng)該為：主語should原形 或 主語過去時(shí)，例如：Its time that you went to school. 或Its time that you should go to school.3、If only引起的感嘆句相當(dāng)于“How I wish賓語從句”If only he could come! 他要能來就好了。If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。4

7、、would rather, as if（though）引導(dǎo)的句子也需使用虛擬，表示過去的情況用過去完成時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在與將來的情況用過去時(shí)，如：Id rather you posted the letter right away.Id rather you had returned the book yesterday.She loves the children as if they were hers.Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短語或句子常暗含著含蓄條

8、件。Without you, I would never know him.But for your cooperation, we wouldnt have done the work so well.But that she was afraid, she would have said no.I would be most glad to help you, but I am busy now.I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working.I am busy now, otherwise I would do yo

9、u the favor!【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練一】1、It is important that a college student a foreign language.Awill master Bmaster Cmasters Dwould master2、It is strange that she without saying a word.Ashould have gone out BwentCshould go out Dgoes out3、If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.Ahad been, would have preven

10、tedBhad been, would preventCwere, would preventDwere, would have prevent4、 “He is a brave man.”“Yes, I wish I his courage.”Ahave Bhad Cwill have Dmay have5、If it rain, the crops would be saved.Ashould Bwill Cis going to Dwas to6、He ordered that the medicine by a special plane.Awas sent Bwould be sen

11、tCshould send Dbe sent7、If you the medicine, you better now.Atook, would feel Bhad taken, feltChad taken, would feel Dtook, would have felt8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if my mother.Ais Bwas Cwere Dhad been9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish I so.Adidnt do Bhadnt do Chavent done

12、 Dcouldnt do10、Id rather he tomorrow afternoon.Awill come Bcomes Ccoming Dcame答案：1、B 2、A 3、A 4、B 5、A6、D 7、C 8、C 9、B 10、D【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練二】I.經(jīng)典試題回顧：1. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I_ so much fried chicken just now. (0 2春季上海) A. shouldnt eat B .mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat2.

13、How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden. (0 2春季上海) A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3.-I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins._ I have a look? -Yes, certainly. (0 2春季上海) A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should4-I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. -

14、It_ true because there was little snow there.（02北京） A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be5. It has been announced that candidates_ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A. can B. will C. may D. shall (02上海) 6. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be le

15、ft for a short time, especially at a railwaystation. (NMET03)A. should B. can C. must D. will7. How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. may (03上海卷)8. Isn t that Anns husband over there? No, it _ be him -Im sure

16、he doesnt wear glasses. (04河南/北、安徽、江西) A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not9. You _ be tired. Youve only been working for an hour. (04四川、吉林、黑龍江、云南） A. must not B. won t C. can t D. may not10.I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police?（04內(nèi)蒙、海南） A. should B. may

17、 C. will D. can11.Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. （04內(nèi)蒙、海南） A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving12. Who is the girl standing over there ? Well , if you _ know , her name is Mabel .（04天津） A. may B. can C. must D. shall13.E

18、xcuse me . Is this the right way to the Summer Palace ? Sorry , I am not sure . But it _ be . （04湖北） Amight Bwill Cmust Dcan 14.- Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. - You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. (04湖南） A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt15. I

19、 _ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. (04浙江) A. should B. might C. would D. could16.Go for a picnic this weekend ,OK? _ .I love getting close to nature. (04福建) AI couldnt agree more BIm afraid not CI believe not DI dont think so 17.Ill tell Mary about her new

20、job tomorrow. You_ her last week. (04福建) Aought to tell Bwould have told Cmust tell Dshould have told18.“The interest_ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. (04重慶)A. may B. should C. must D. shall19.Children under 12 years of age in that coun

21、try _ be under adult supervision when in a public library.( 04上海) A. must B. may C. can D. need20.Mum , Ive been studying English since 8 oclock. _ I go out and play with Tom for a while ? No, Im afraid not . Besides , its raining outside now . (04遼寧) ACant BWouldnt CMay not DWont 21. - I dont mind

22、telling you what I know. - You_. Im not asking you for it. (04江蘇) A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. needntII.鞏固練習(xí):1.-You didnt invite John to the party?-_him, too?A Must I invite B Must I have invited C Should I invite D Should I have invited2.Night has fallen, we have to stay here for the night, _? A

23、 dont we B hasnt it C mustnt we D doesnt it 3. -Would you please not throw your shoes on the floor? -I am sorry I _ do it again. A neednt B cant C wouldnt D wont 4. I tried to call on you last week but your dog simply _ not let me come through the gate A could B would C might D should5. -A man is as

24、king to see you. _ he come in?- Let him in. A. Must B. Shall C. Will D. Dare6.She _ terribly tired last night. She had been working without a break for over ten hours.A maybe B had been C used to be D must have been 7. Do tell me what youd like for your birthday ,dear,_ ?A will you B do you C dont y

25、ou D cant you 8. -Do you regret paying five dollars for the book?-No, I _twice as much for it. A would gladly have paid B had gladly paid9. Dont forget to write to me when you get home. -_. A I must B I should C I wont D I will 10. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A must have stud

26、ied B might study C should have studied D would study 11. They would have bought that house, which stood at the foot of the hill, _ at that time. A. though they hadnt had enough money B. otherwise they hadnt enough money C. if they had enough money D. but they didnt have enough money12. As it tuned

27、out to be a small house party, we _ so formally. A. neednt dress up B. couldnt have dressed up C. didnt need dress up D. neednt have dressed up13. -Might I watch TV after supper?-Yes, you _ A may B must C might D can14. If you listen to me, you _have some candies, Tommy. A. are able to B. shall C. m

28、ust D. need15. You must have been to London for many times, _ you? A mustnt B didnt C havent D may not16. -What do you think of it? -I think it is a thing of importance that it _ done soon. A. is B. is to be C. be D. to be17. -Alice , why didnt you come yesterday? -I _ , but I had an unexpected visi

29、tor. A had B would C was going to D did18.In the summer vacation we_ often take a walk along the river. A might B could C would D should19. - Why does Sara know so much about Angkor Wat? - She _ have been there, or A must B oughtnt to C may D cant20. The line was busy. Someone_ the telephone. A may

30、have used B must have been using C may be using D must be using21. He was late for class today. But for the heavy fog, he _ an hour earlier. A could come B could have come C were to come D should come22.Im sure youd rather she stayed in France, _? A wouldnt you B didnt you C shouldnt you D couldnt y

31、ou23.Michael_ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A neednt B cant C should D may24. _ I had time, I would have run round that lake again. A If B Unless C Had D When25.If you really want yourself to be in good health ,you _always_ so much. A mustnt; be smoking B neednt; smoke C wont; be smoking D

32、 cant; smoke26. Its strange that the boy _ without saying good-bye to the teacher. A must have left B have left C can have left D may have left 27. He was taken away by the police .He _ for a thief. A must mistake B must be mistaken C must have been mistaken D must have mistaken 28.I_ opera ,but now

33、 Im getting interested. A was used to like B didnt use to like C used to like D was used to liking29.Shes already an hour late, What _to her? A can have happened B may happen C should have happened D may have happened30.When a friend of mine gave me a ticket for the game, I _ go.A couldnt help B can

34、t but C couldnt help but D just have to31. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A is B will be C would have been D would be32.Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later. A had said B said C might say D might have said33. _it

35、 rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge. A Were B Should C Would D Will34. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medicalexamination. A be; should have B was; have C should be; had D was; has35.I left very early last night, but I wish I_ so early.A didnt leave B hadnt left C havent left D couldnt leave36.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A should be B would be C have been D had been37.Jim would rather _ now, but we must go to work.A that we dont leave B we not leave C we di