八下賓語從句

1、 什么是賓語 my teacher playing basketball to study hard him 賓語是動作、行為的對象，是動作的承受者。賓語是動作、行為的對象，是動作的承受者。賓語由名詞、代詞、不定式賓語由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞、短語來擔任。或相當于名詞的詞、短語來擔任。 姚明姚明 Yao Ming 我們我們 知道知道 他他是是一個著名的籃球運動員一個著名的籃球運動員賓語從句就是由一個句子來構成主句的賓語從句就是由一個句子來構成主句的賓語，并有一個連接詞引導。賓語，并有一個連接詞引導。 一 什么 是賓語從句？試比較賓賓o o賓賓o o主主s s 謂謂v vhe is

2、a famous basketball player主主s s表表p pthat連接詞連接詞主主s s賓語從句三要點賓語從句三要點一、語序一、語序二、引導詞二、引導詞三、時態(tài)三、時態(tài)1，陳述句，2, 一般疑問句，3， 特殊疑問句，My name isMy favorite sport isI amI speak/have/likeI can playAre you?Can you play?Do you do?Where are you? What can you do? How do you do?陳陳述述句句-一般一般疑問疑問句句特殊特殊疑問疑問句句結構比較結構比較_ + _ + _主語主

3、語謂語謂語.?_ +_ + _特殊特殊疑問詞疑問詞一般一般疑問句疑問句 be情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞助動詞助動詞_ / _ /_+ _ +_主語主語謂語謂語?陳陳述述句句一般一般疑問疑問句句特殊特殊疑問疑問句句_+ _ + _ 結構比較結構比較be情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞助動詞助動詞主語主語謂語謂語_ + _ + _ .主語主語?_ +_+ _特殊特殊疑問詞疑問詞一般一般疑問句疑問句? ?_ + _ + _ 主語主語?_ +_ + _主語主語結論結論:陳述句和疑問句最本質的區(qū)別是陳述句陳述句和疑問句最本質的區(qū)別是陳述句中的中的be動詞動詞, 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 ,助動詞在主語后助動詞在主語后,而而在疑問句中在疑

4、問句中,它們則在主語前它們則在主語前句子的兩種語序句子的兩種語序:1.陳述句結構叫陳述句結構叫陳述語序陳述語序賓語從句必須用陳述句語序賓語從句必須用陳述句語序 2 疑問句結構叫疑問句結構叫疑問語序疑問語序 將下列句子改成陳述句語序：將下列句子改成陳述句語序： 1.Is there a bank near here? 2.Is it on Fifth Avenue? 3.Are they doing homework? There is a bank near here It is on Fifth Avenue They are doing homework 4.Does she work i

5、n a hospital? 5.Did you go to Center Park?6.Do we have to wear a uniform? she works in a hospital you went to Center Park we have to wear a uniformwe can wear hats in school 7.Can we wear hats in school?Wheres your pen pal from? Where does he live? What language does she speak? Why do you like panda

6、s? Where your pen pal is from Where he livesWhat language she speaks Why you like pandas? 1. 由that引導的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed. 賓語從句的類型賓語從句的類型練一練練一練1.This is a book.2

7、.You like singing.3.He worked last night.4.They will go home.5.Jim has been to Beijing.6.She sings well.用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句:1. I know 2. She says 3. Tell your friend （that）一般疑問句做賓語一般疑問句做賓語我問他我問他是否是否想去游泳想去游泳1, 改為陳述句語氣，改為陳述句語氣，2，用，用if/whether連接連接I ask Does he want to go swim?he wants to g

8、o swimIf/whetherI ask 2. 由if或whether引導的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.練一練練一練1.Is he reading ?2.Do you get up at six?3.Does Tom work hard?4.Did you watch TV ?5.Will they read books ?6.Can you sing ?用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句用

9、以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句: :1.Do you know 1.Do you know 2.I want to know 2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks 3.The teacher asks if/whether特殊疑問句做賓語特殊疑問句做賓語我想知道你最喜歡哪一條領帶？Which tie do you like best特殊疑問句變成特殊疑問句變成 陳述語序陳述語序連接詞就是疑問詞本身連接詞就是疑問詞本身I wonderI wonder ATTENTIONwhich tie you like best?3. 由連接代詞who, whom, whos

10、e, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late.練一練練一練1.What is this ?2.What are you doing ?3.Where do you l

11、ive ?4.When does he get up ?5.How did you go to work?6.Who will you play with?用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語句用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3. Can you tell me 4. The man asked 由從屬連詞由從屬連詞thatthat引導的賓語從句引導的賓語從句 由連接代詞由連接代詞 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和連接副詞和連接副詞 where,how,why,when引導的賓語從句引導的賓語從句由從屬連詞由從屬連詞

12、 whether, if 引導的賓語從句引導的賓語從句 1.當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)不作限制，我當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的意思來使用需要的任何一種時態(tài)。們可以根據(jù)句子的意思來使用需要的任何一種時態(tài)。 e.g I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that ) he is interested in En

13、glish .賓語從句的時態(tài)的變化賓語從句的時態(tài)的變化四四.賓語從句中時態(tài)的變化賓語從句中時態(tài)的變化I hear (that)Jim ( be ) a worker two years ago.Jim ( be ) an English teacher now . Jim ( cook ) dinner tomorrow .Jim ( sing )a popular song now.Jim ( be ) to the Great Wall twice . Jim ( play ) basketball when his father came back. Jim ( learn )1000

14、Chinese words by the end of last term. 填一填填一填wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned1.當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)不作限制，當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的需要使用任何一種時態(tài)。我們可以根據(jù)句子的需要使用任何一種時態(tài)。（需要性原則）（需要性原則）2.當主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運用相應的過當主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運用相應的過去的某一種時態(tài)，從而達到主句和從句的相互一致。去的某一種時態(tài)，從而達到主句和從句的相互一致。 e.

15、g He said ( that ) he would go to Xian . He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( that ) he had had supper already . 3.當賓語從句說明的是客觀存在的事實或者是客觀存在的真當賓語從句說明的是客觀存在的事實或者是客觀存在的真理時，就不用受到主句時態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。理時，就不用受到主句時態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。 e.g He said that the sun is

16、much bigger than the moon . The teacher told the students that no news is good news . The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .2.2.當主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運用相當主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運用相應的過去的某一種時態(tài)，應的過去的某一種時態(tài)，從而達到主句和從句的相互從而達到主句和從句的相互一致。（呼應性原則）一致。（呼應性原則）1) He will go to Hong Kong

17、.2) He is sick.3) He is reading a book . 4) He has finished his work.1) He to Hong Kong .2) He sick.3) He a book . 4) HeHe said辨一辨辨一辨would go waswas reading his work.had finished 確定從句的時態(tài)確定從句的時態(tài)(根據(jù)主句時態(tài)根據(jù)主句時態(tài))主句時態(tài)主句時態(tài)從從 句句 時時 態(tài)態(tài)連連 接接 前前連連 接接 后后一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時時態(tài)保持不變時態(tài)保持不變一般過去時一般過去時一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般過去時一般過去時一

18、般過去時過去完成時過去完成時一般將來時一般將來時過去將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時過去完成時賓語從句三要素賓語從句三要素引導詞引導詞thatthat（陳述句（陳述句 ）ififwhetherwhether（一般疑問句（一般疑問句 ） 特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞（特殊疑問句（特殊疑問句) )時態(tài)時態(tài)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時主句為一般現(xiàn)在時從句可為任何時態(tài)從句可為任何時態(tài)主句為一般過去時主句為一般過去時從句從句一般過去時一般過去時過去將來時過去將來時過去進行時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成時語序語序賓語從句的語序都為陳述句語序賓語從句的語序都為陳述句語序客觀

19、真理客觀真理 自然現(xiàn)象自然現(xiàn)象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 時態(tài)不變時態(tài)不變七七.本課小結本課小結.Find out the mistakes and correct them.1 Could you tell me where do they live? 2 She knew that Danny is a student.3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn. 4 Do you know who car it is? 找錯誤找錯誤wasiswhoseII.改錯：1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I l

20、ate for school._Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east._Father told me the sun always rises in the east.3.He doesnt know that when she can come back._He doesnt know when she can come back.直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關系直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關系三、人稱的變化三、人稱的變化1. 從句的主語

21、如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語從句則與主句的主語一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語一致；如果是第三人稱，不用變化。如：“I was born in Zhangjiajie.”He said. He said that he was born in Zhangjiajie . “You must give me my pen.” he told me-He told me that I must give him his pen. “They go to the park.”she said.-She said that they went to the park. 一隨主二隨賓第三人稱不更新直接引

22、語變間接引語與賓語從句的關系直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關系三、標點的使用三、標點的使用2. 賓語從句的標點均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號；主句是疑問句，用問號。“Who are you ?”Can you tell me ?Can you tell me who you are ? “His sister goes to the park .”he said.-He said that his sister went to the park .將下列句子合并為一句將下列句子合并為一句: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. Wha

23、t will you say at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will sayat the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends w

24、ith them.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back.6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. 7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?10. “Where is Tom?” They asked. Tom as

25、ked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. Jim asked if he was doing his homework.1. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?2. “Where is Tom?” They asked. 3. “Do you know her telephone number？”He as

26、ked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.4. Do you know？Where does he live？ Do you know where he lives？Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. 將下列句子合并為一句將下列句子合并為一句: :1. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 2. “I will come back.” Tom said. 3. “I can finish my work b

27、efore supper.” He said.He said that he could finish his work before supper .He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. 直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關系直接引語變間接引語與賓語從句的關系一般疑問句變?yōu)閕f (whether)引導的賓語從句 1. She asked, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? ”2. “Will they go to visit the

28、Great Wall?” he asked. She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper. He asked if (whether) they would go visit the Great Wall. 如果從句是一般疑問句，引導詞用如果從句是一般疑問句，引導詞用if/whether；語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weathe

29、r is fine D. summer comes after spring2. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car3. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a

30、year D. when they will leave for Paris4. Could you tell me _?A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in5. She told me the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen6.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get C.why does

31、he get B.why he gets D. why he got練一練練一練( )1. Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived( )2. Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come home B. where would he play football C. if had he seen the film D. why he didnt wa

32、tch the game( ) 3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which( ) 4. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name isDDBD( ) 5. I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. t

33、he train leave( ) 6.-We dont know _. -It is said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from( ) 7. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did( ) 8. Cou

34、ld you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. whichBCCC 1. I hear (that) _. (一小時后他會回來）一小時后他會回來） he will be back in an hourhe missed us very much 3. The teacher told us (that) _. （地球圍著太陽轉）（地球圍著太陽轉）the earth moves around the sun2. He said (that) _. (他非常想念我們）他非常想念我們）完成句子完成句子4. I want

35、to know _ _. (他是否跟我們一起去公園他是否跟我們一起去公園) if (whether) he will go to the park with us 5. Ask him _. (他是否能來他是否能來)whether (if) he can come6. Please tell me _ _. (我們將什么時候開會我們將什么時候開會)7. Can you tell me _. (他在哪他在哪兒兒)8. Could you tell me _ _. (我該怎么去車站我該怎么去車站) when well have a meetingwhere he is how I can get

36、to the station由由if或或whether引導的賓語從句。引導的賓語從句。If和和whether在句中的意思是在句中的意思是“是否是否”。例如：。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.注意一下情況只用注意一下情況只用whether，不用，不用if。1. whether引導的從句?？梢耘c引導的從句?？梢耘c連詞連詞or或或or not直直接連用。如：接連用。如： Let me know whether you can come or not. Let

37、 me know if you can come or not. 2. 當賓語從句提到當賓語從句提到句首句首時，只能用時，只能用whether引導。引導。如：如： Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. If it is true or not, I cant tell. 3. whether可以引導帶可以引導帶to的不定式。的不定式。如：如： I dont know whether to accept or refuse. I dont know if to accept or refuse. 4. whether及其引導的成分可放于介及其引導的成分可

38、放于介詞之后，作介詞的賓語。如：詞之后，作介詞的賓語。如： I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. I worry about if I hurt her feelings. If 與whether 的區(qū)別1. I dont know _ he will come or not.2. I dont care of _ he is handsome.3. He wondered _ to stay here the next week.4. _ he will come is not decided. 與與or not 連用只能用連用只能用wheth

39、er介詞后只能用介詞后只能用whether與與to do 不定式連用只能用不定式連用只能用whether作主語只能用作主語只能用whether1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring2. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I p

40、ay for the car D. how much I spent on the car3. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris4. Could you tell me _?A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in5. She told me the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen6.I dont know _ up s